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LEC-2-Sensors Used in IoT

Sensors used in IoT

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Omer Mirza
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38 views12 pages

LEC-2-Sensors Used in IoT

Sensors used in IoT

Uploaded by

Omer Mirza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sensors

Used in IoT
Sensors are everywhere…..
• Phones
• first thermostat was introduced in the late 1880’s
• infrared sensors have been around since the late 1940’s
• sensors are devices that detect and respond to changes in an
environment
• Inputs can come from a variety of sources such as light, temperature,
motion and pressure
• crucial to the operation of many of today’s businesses
• Early warning of problems
Temperature Sensors
• Temperature sensors measure the amount of heat energy in a source,
allowing them to detect temperature changes and convert these
changes to data
• Machinery used in manufacturing often requires environmental and
device temperatures to be at specific levels
• Similarly, within agriculture, soil temperature is a key factor for crop
growth
Humidity Sensors
• measure the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere of air or other
gases
• commonly found in heating, vents and air conditioning (HVAC)
systems in both industrial and residential domains
• can be found in many other areas including hospitals, and
meteorology stations to report and predict weather.
Pressure Sensors
• A pressure sensor senses changes in gases and liquids. When the
pressure changes, the sensor detects these changes, and
communicates them to connected systems
• Common use cases include leak testing which can be a result of decay
• useful in the manufacturing of water systems as it is easy to detect
fluctuations or drops in pressure
Proximity Sensors
• used for non-contact detection of objects near the sensor
• often emit electromagnetic fields or beams of radiation such as infrared
• In retail, a proximity sensor can detect the motion between a customer and
a product in which he or she is interested. The user can be notified of any
discounts or special offers of products located near the sensor.
• also used in the parking lots of malls, stadiums and airports to indicate
parking availability
• can also be used on the assembly lines of chemical, food and many other
types of industries
Level Sensors
• Level sensors are used to detect the level of substances including
liquids, powders and granular materials
• Many industries including oil manufacturing, water treatment and
beverage and food manufacturing factories use level sensors.
• Waste management systems provide a common use case as level
sensors can detect the level of waste in a garbage can or dumpster
Accelerometer
• Accelerometers detect an object’s acceleration i.e. the rate of change
of the object’s velocity with respect to time.
• Accelerometers can also detect changes to gravity
• Use cases for accelerometers include smart pedometers and
monitoring driving fleets
• They can also be used as anti-theft protection alerting the system if
an object that should be stationary is moved.
Gyroscope
• Gyroscope sensors measure the angular rate or velocity, often defined
as a measurement of speed and rotation around an axis
• Use cases include automotive, such as car navigation and electronic
stability control (anti-skid) systems
• Additional use cases include motion sensing for video games, and
camera-shake detection systems.
Gas Sensors
• Gas sensors monitor and detect changes in air quality, including the
presence of toxic, combustible or hazardous gasses
• Industries using gas sensors include mining, oil and gas, chemical
research and manufacturing
• A common consumer use case is the familiar carbon dioxide detectors
used in many homes.
Infrared Sensors
• These types of sensors sense characteristics in their surroundings by
either emitting or detecting infrared radiation
• They can also measure the heat emitted by objects.
• Infrared sensors are used in a variety of different IoT projects
including healthcare as they simplify the monitoring of blood flow
and blood pressure
• Another interesting application is that of art historians using infrared
sensors to see hidden layers in paintings to help determine whether a
work of art is original or fake or has been altered by a restoration
process
Optical Sensor
• Optical sensors convert rays of light into electrical signals.
• It measures the physical quantity of light and then translates it into a form
that is readable by an instrument.
• generally part of a larger system that integrates a source of light, a
measuring device and the optical sensor
• often connected to an electrical trigger
• In the auto industry, vehicles use optical sensors to recognize signs,
obstacles, and other things that a driver would notice when driving or
parking
• Smart phones, driverless cars
• For example, ambient light sensors can extend battery life

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