Social Problem Report - Assignment 1 - Duong Quy Thanh

Innovative Business Practice (Swinburne University of Technology (Vietnam))

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 SOC

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Table of Contents

Introduction...................................................................................................................................................2
Design Thinking.............................................................................................................................................2
Definition of Design Thinking.....................................................................................................................2
Design Thinking Stages:.............................................................................................................................2
Social Entrepreneurship................................................................................................................................3
Why Does Design Thinking Works?..............................................................................................................4
The Social Problem: Labour Exploitation.....................................................................................................4
The Impact of Labour Exploitation...............................................................................................................4
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.........................................................................................5
Personal Connection......................................................................................................................................5
Users affected by Labour Exploitation.........................................................................................................6
1. Loss of Life..........................................................................................................................................6
2. Workers..............................................................................................................................................6
3. Children..............................................................................................................................................6
Problem Statement.......................................................................................................................................7
Appendices.....................................................................................................................................................8
Bibliography.................................................................................................................................................10

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 Introduction
In this Social Problem report, a discussion about Design Thinking Model and its effectiveness upon
social entrepreneurship. In addition, this report will also discuss about the problem of Labour Exploitation.
The impacts it has on society and the solutions could be applied in terms of addressing this problem. This is
because the main goal of this report is to show the impact it has on the Health & Well-Being and Quality
Education of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Design Thinking
Definition of Design Thinking:
"Design thinking" is a cyclical process that is used to reach out to consumer insights and develop
assumptions in order to discover issues in the market or society in order to identify alternative strategies
and solutions that we may not be able to address on our own with our present knowledge. It shows visions
of targeted clients so that you may empathise with them. It is the process of generating appropriate
questions for the situation. It might be done by asking questions regarding the difficulties, making
hypothesis statements, and carrying out tests (Dam & Siang, 2018). At the same time, it supplies us with
the keys to addressing a solution. It is not only an operating and thinking idea but also a set of practical
practices. It makes use of conventional instruments to assist commerce designers (Elsbach & Stigliani,
2018).

Design Thinking Stages:

The design thinking process comes with various alternative editions in the application in the modern-
day. They are available from three to seven stages or modes. The concepts of those editions, however, are
the same as the initial description published in 1969 by Herbert Simon, Nobel Prize laureate in The Sciences
of the Artificial.

Regardless of editions, the five-stage model published by Hasso Plattner will be chosen since it is
authorised for use and teaching (Dam & Siang, 2018).

The following are the five stages:

Stage 1: Empathize—Research Users' Needs

To acquire a knowledge of the problem that needs to be solved, an empathic survey of user
research will be undertaken. Empathy is essential in a user-centred design approach like design

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 thinking. However, it enables users and their requirements to be understood without making
assumptions about the reality.

Stage 2: Define—State Users' Needs and Problems

During the empathise stage, a large amount of data will be gathered and analysed in order
to identify the root cause of the problem using surveys and user research. This allows you to
construct a persona for your target clients before going on to the Ideate stage. In this stage,
customer insights and needs are the main goal needed to identify.

Stage 3: Ideate—Challenge Assumptions and Create Ideas

Following the acquisition of customer insights, the primary goal of the Ideate stage is to
generate ideas, implying that alternative solutions must be sought. Through persistent thinking,
novel ideas may be leveraged to better understand problems and produce distinctive solutions. In
addition, one big idea will be created to cover up every aspect of their needs and insights

Stage 4: Prototype—Start to Create Solutions

The previously developed concepts will be converted into a prototype at this step. The
prototype might be a physical or intangible product. The goal of this stage is to narrow down the
potential solutions that might be implemented in practise. It might be as simple as paper
prototyping, in which you create a description of the product and explore to determine whether it
is applicable.

Stage 5: Test—Try Solutions Out

The final stage is to test solutions for performance and efficiency. The major goal at this
stage is to test the prototype, gather feedback, and then return to the previous phase to complete
the final product.

Social Entrepreneurship
Individuals and start-ups explore and solve societal challenges through social entrepreneurship. They
look for commercial possibilities that benefit society or the planet (Peek, 2020). Entrepreneurs typically use
design thinking to generate assumptions about the essential success points of such solutions, which are
then analysed and tested using rough prototypes, allowing them to further improve ideas and prepare
them for real-life tests.

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 Why Does Design Thinking Works?
The framework of design thinking allows for a smooth flow of research. The personal experiences of a
large number of consumers generate data, which is subsequently analysed to provide insights. They can
use this to develop criteria for assessing solutions. Furthermore, assumptions might be crucial in terms of
testing prototypes and developing them for reality.

Design thinking generates widespread commitment to change by integrating consumers and other
stakeholders in the description of the problem and the creation of solutions. Furthermore, by providing
structure to the innovation process, design thinking enables innovators to communicate and agree on what
is critical to the outcome at each stage (Liedtka, 2018).

The Social Problem: Labour Exploitation

“All work or service that is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which
the said person has not offered himself voluntarily.” (International Labour Organization, 1930).

This is one of the basic definitions of Labour Exploitation among the credible reports and definitions
from governmental organizations. It basically elaborates exploitation is applied when a person in the labour
force was forced or mistreated (including beating, lock-up, forced sexual intercourse, etc.) to do something
against their will while working for an organization.

Despite several labour rights publications, more people are enslaved now than ever before. According
to the most recent data from the United Nations' International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Walk
Free Foundation, an estimated 40.3 million people are currently enslaved in some form of modern slavery
(Hodal, 2019).

The Impact of Labour Exploitation

Labour exploitation has done enormous harm to the labour force. It affects those who are poor, have
low literacy levels, or are vulnerable. It is essential in the activity of developing knowledge and programmes
to avoid the continuation of labour exploitation (International Labour Office (ILO), 2014).

People working 55 or more hours each week face an estimated 35% higher risk of a stroke and a 17%
higher risk of dying from heart disease, compared to people following the widely accepted standard of
working 35 to 40 hours in a week, the WHO says in a study that was published Monday in the journal
Environment International (Chappell, 2021).

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 In addition, Labour Exploitation can have a significant negative effect on the workforce, both physical
and mental. Depression and anxiety are the most common mental illness recorded along with physical
health issues due to physical abuse and verbal abuse (Turner-Moss et al. 2013).

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015,
provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future.
The two goals that can be applied to the labour exploitation problem are goal 3 – Good Health and Well-
Being and goal 4 – Quality Education. These two goals are to help workers to have healthier working
environment and create quality opportunity for them to ensure them with education (United Nations,
2015).

Personal Connection
The reason why I chose this problem is that I feel frustrated whenever I come across an article
about exploitation in the labour force. I have read an article on a governmental organization's webpage
about child labour abuse. It says that they were beaten, locked up, and forced to work from dusk to dawn
(Lee, 2021). It is unbelievably cruel to those children's childhood. In addition, it just not only applied to
children but also to adults. Adults are often forced to work overtime without pay and forced to have sexual
intercourse for career promotion or to keep their job.

After having read the article, I thought to myself, what if in the future the person got exploited is
me, my friends, my relative or worse, my children. I would gone savage if I even know that my friends and
family got involved in this issue.

According to the ILO (International Labour Organization) article in 2016, there have been 12
children of the Khmu ethnic group were mistreated when recruited to a garment factory. They were locked
up, exploited - working from 6A.M till midnight, and heated up when not being able to fulfil KPI. Especially,
they were not paid any money.

This aspect of exploitation of employment has been around for centuries and it continues to exist
not only applied to children but adults who are also exploited. Exploit starting from working overtime
without pay, forcing sexual intercourse for career promotion, and forcing to work with too many tasks and
heavy tasks for one employee. Therefore, I believe we need to have it addressed.

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 Users affected by Labour Exploitation
1. Loss of Life:
Working long hours poses an occupational health risk that kills hundreds of thousands of people
each year, the World Health Organization says.

Other parts of the fishing business still utilise forced labour and physical punishment, and some
even murder people on purpose. According to the International Labour Organization, at least one out of
every six workers in the region has been bullied or duped into working against their choice.in the activity of
developing knowledge and programmes to avoid the continuation of labour exploitation (International
Labour Office (ILO), 2014).

As a result of this problem, many families and communities have lost relatives and friends. This
dreadful event not only creates mental and bodily pain, but it also has long-term repercussions.

2. Workers:
This issue has a detrimental influence on the workplace, leads to unfair employment practises, and
harms the dignity and well-being of workers. If it is not controlled, patients incur psychological agony and
stress.

Furthermore, the vast majority of exploited workers suffer from one or more physical health issues,
with five or more concurrent symptoms. Headaches, back discomfort, weariness, eye difficulties, and tooth
pain were the most commonly reported issues. (Turner-Moss et al. 2013).

Due to the exploitation of company owners, majority of worker in the labour force has been
negatively affected both mentally and physical.

3. Children
For a number of circumstances, children may be forced to work. When families are suffering
financial difficulties, hardship, or the loss of a principal source of income, child labour is most prevalent.

Slavery, as well as sexual or economic exploitation, can arise. In virtually every case, it denies
children access to school and health care, violating their fundamental rights and compromising their
futures. (UNICEF, 2021).

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 Problem Statement
This aspect of exploitation of employment has been around for centuries and it continues to exist
not only applied to children but adults who are also exploited. Exploit starting from working overtime
without pay, forcing sexual intercourse for career promotion, and forcing to work with too many tasks and
heavy tasks for one employee. Therefore, it needs to be addressed.

How might we reduce or stop the problem of labour exploitation?

As previously said, the effect of labour exploitation on our families, children, and communities is
grave. Workers have died on the job, and youngsters are forced to horrible working conditions. Workers
have developed health problems, some of which are curable and some of which are permanent. Because of
this issue, community growth is impeded, and everyone's health is threatened.

Forced labour is exacerbated by poverty, a lack of long-term employment and education, a weak
rule of law, corruption, and an economy built on cheap labour. It affects millions of men, women, and
children worldwide. It is especially prevalent in industries with a big number of personnel and little
oversight (Anti- Slavery International, 2016).

This can be solved with education, implementation of government regulation and standards,
tackling the issue directly at the source. By supporting financially unstable families, putting out compulsory
education regulations and investigate companies with suspicious activities related to human exploitation.

In social entrepreneurship, labour abusing report applications could be created to either report
cases of human abuse or educate rights of workers to prevent labour force from being abused.

If this social problem remains unresolved and unaddressed, it is with fear we risk the increase of
human fatalities, decreasing community growth and development in all over the world.

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Appendices
Persona of Nao Yuzuki

Design Model Stages

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Journey map of Nao Yuzuki

Nao Yuzuki’s Empathy Map

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 10

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Nao Yuzuki’s Customer Profile Map

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Chappell, B 2021, Overwork Killed More than 745,000 People in a Year,

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 Dam, R & Siang, T 2018, What Is Design Thinking and Why Is It so
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