Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Ministry of popular power for education

UEL Martin Luther King
Barquisimeto-State-Lara

THE LONG PSYCHOSOCIAL PAST OR TENSION

AND THE STUDY BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL
AND SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY

Student:
Betsibeth Mendoza
CI: 29956500
Social psychology
Section: 2012 Journey: II
Prof: Richard Camacho
UC: History of Social Psychology
THE LONG PSYCHOSOCIAL PAST OR TENSION AND THE STUDY BETWEEN THE
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY

When talking about the origin of social psychology, it should be understood that it can be derived
from social psychology. Ancient Greek philosophers, this will be part of your past, because your
history must be so At the beginning of the 20th century, during this time, there have been some
important ideas that seek the explanation and answer of social psychology as a discipline. This The
idea of seeking explanations, from personal and social reciprocity, to the personal nature of
people and the nature of society as a whole. Plato and Aristotle are the building blocks of this idea.
Combining individuals and society, this is replaced by a dualistic tendency. by Social Thought
highlights the image of Hegel and Marx and Engels in personal thought. The thoughts of abstract
individuals are the backbone of concepts like hedonism and help lay the foundation. Thoughts on
individualism. With social and personal concepts, some characters have chosen. Relying on a
tangible method to find results, giving way to positivism, here Currently, Augusto Comte and Emile
Durkheim, who now stand out, under these ideals, are The basis of the emerging discipline,
sociology, so that it is not based on Belief, if not a feasible outcome. A theory that can help explain
the individual is the personal theory. In the process of evolution, new thoughts appear in the
interpretation of actions and thoughts.

Social psychology tries to explain the behavior of the subject through three aspects
the situation, how people express it and the system tension of this form of social culture and
psychology:

Social behavior must first be explained through the influence of social conditions or positions. In
this sense, this behavior is a tribute to the Marxist maxim: "It is the existence of the human being
that determines. His "harmonious" consciousness made history, but on the condition that he did
not choose, he inherited history. In the past” (Merton, 1948), this emphasis on context is usually
Personal logical interpretation based on personality or personality structure, individual
differences.

At the same time, social behavior is explained by subjective representation, that is, the subject in
other aspects, the importance of subjective meaning Contextual influence: people act according to
definitions or expressions.

The third important aspect of psychosocial interpretation comes from Lewin, who believes
Social behavior is the influence of the system in a state of tension. Social structure and culture In
addition, the location of the situation and the content of the subjective representation will be
determined. They will show the opposite tendency and act at the same time.

The social and cultural environment is dynamic and the state of equilibrium may depend on
The coexistence of opposite elements of balance and development. you want everything
In other words, research on inhibitors or stimuli is as important as research because in fact, the
psychological or social system may still be on the verge of unstable change. Levine said that a
culture is not just a static fact, but a process.
Evolved but has a recognizable structure, i.e. a quasi-stationary process
(Páez, 1995). This almost smooth balance is related to the fact that sometimes
The new stimuli will produce fundamental changes or, on the contrary, no great pressures will
occur. They won't make changes.

THOMAS THEOREM:

What people define as true is true in your case.

Results (representative principle).
Complementing Thomas:
a) Although people do not define reality this way, they still follow
The consequences are real (the situational principle).
b) The situation and the definition are contradictory and dynamic: they coexist
Norms and opposes norms.
c) People define the situation but not what they want. Reflected appeals
Situation and knowledge accumulated by society (determining principle
social culture).

Learning theory is another set of interpretations based on the following laws:

Habits and reinforcements, motivational explanations can not only complement
Culture, but motivation can also be considered the result of learning.
The explanation of learning assumes attitudes, codes of conduct, feelings and
Thinking is through repeated stimulation, reward and
Punishment related to rehearsal behavior and imitation of behavior
To be rewarded and punished, in this sense, learning starts from the following principles:
People are motivated by hedonism: avoid pain and increase pleasure,
Bandura's social learning theory is an example of this explanation. Cognitive theory and other
explanations of information processing behavior.
Society is based on the structure and content of people's thoughts.
Social cognitive theory takes into account the degree of structure of thought and knowledge. The
process of perception, memory, retrieval, judgment and interpretation to explain social behavior.

Role theory, norms and reference groups Finally, role theory

Refer to groups and norms to explain social behavior through internalization.
The form of value-oriented beliefs and attitudes. These theories are complementary
Related to learning, because role expectations must be learned through rehearsal. Errors,
punishments and rewards. They are also complementary to cognitive theory.
Social, because thought is based on the symbolic instructions of the socialized subject
A culture. For example, family members and family reference groups have more roles. The
important thing is that, in a collectivist culture, the responsibility to help distant relatives is this
does not mean that there are no family obligations and obligations in the family. individualistic
culture. Sociocultural theory explains behavior through position and behavior. Expect them to play
into the social structure as well as norms and values.
It dominates subjective culture and characterizes this type of theory.

Psychology and Its Individualistic Perspective

Individual psychology is a psychological theory designed by Alfred Adler. Unlike Freud, Adler
believes that people have the potential to improve themselves and their lives, reduce problems,
and achieve near-perfect adjustments in the course of life over time.

Individual psychology sees life as a struggle from birth to death. In this journey, everyone uses
their own methods, and each traveler knows each other, where everyone has many common goals
driven and everyone is exposed is equivalent to the vicissitudes of the journey.

Human behavior through the seven principles

*Inferiority
According to this principle, as long as people have consciousness, they will feel incomplete and
dissatisfied with the world. Due to this feeling, people are forced to carry out self-analysis and
locate their illnesses and ailments in specific areas of the body (the so-called psychosomatic
illnesses.

*Superiority
The principle of superiority shows that humans are not just aggressive animals, because they seek
power (both physical and symbolic) to survive. The most important force in changing a person's
behavior "is the effort to change from a lower state to a higher state."

*Lifestyle
It is considered as a kind of guide to man's success. Man will seek two things: the direction of his
internal behavior is driven and controlled by himself; His behavior is determined by himself.
Contribute to environmental forces along the direction the inner self wishes to take.

*Fantasy Goals
Elegant Goal People feel driven and attracted by a series of imaginary goals, which are the goals
that explain their behavior.

*Social interest
Social interest: a person trusts that a stronger and more perfect society will help him acquire a
fuller sense of superiority.

The impact of social sciences on psychology

The historical evolution of social psychology has played an important role in the various fields of
action of the scientific development of psychology, especially in the context of society and work.
Starting from the current historical moment, its analysis allows us to draw on powerful theories,
which are not only based on the growth of the needs of the industry, but also on the growth needs
of the social processes developed early within the industry. organization. , and this is the goal of
several needs. Researchers. The paradigms and genres that constitute the historical evolution of
organizational psychology allow the study of social needs from the emergence of organizational
psychology to the analysis of opportunities and environmental urgency. The advantages and
disadvantages of science itself are also considered.

When understanding the theme as the axis and center of social organization, it is considered
relevant to emphasize the versatility of the theme in each theme. Currently, social psychology is a
field of psychology with its own methodology and different objectives produced by industrial
psychology and occupational psychology. Its main purpose is to study human behavior and
experience in different contexts from the perspective of individuals, groups and society, and
improve the quality of human life, thus improving their social relationships, thus contributing to
the project and a happy life.

The tension between the individual and society in the study of psychology

Social psychology research focuses the individual in society and happens to the individual because
human beings and society are intimately connected and complement each other.
According to the above definition, science refers to the empirical method of research. The terms
thinking, feeling, and behavior include all psychological variables that can be measured in humans.
It may be imagined or implied by other people's statements that we are firmly influenced in
society .

Social psychology is also defined as the science that studies social phenomena and tries to discover
the laws that govern coexistence. Investigate social organizations and try to establish the
behavioral patterns of the individuals in the group, their roles and all the circumstances that affect
their behavior. It studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are affected by the real,
imagined, or implied existence of others. Its origin dates back to the appearance of "Volcker
Psychology" or "Popular Psychology" developed by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879.