SECOND FLOOR STEEL BEAM (LRFD)

ROOF STEEL BEAM (LRFD)

SECOND FLOOR STEEL BEAM (ASD)

ROOF STEEL BEAM (ASD)

LOADINGS (ORIGINAL)

A B C D E

DL: 6.85 kN/m DL: 7.90 kN/m DL: 7.90 kN/m

DL: 5.48 kN/m
LL: 1.67 kN/m LL: 1.92 kN/m LL: 1.92 kN/m
LL: 1.33 kN/m

248.75 kN B1 B2 B3 B3

3.50 m
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
DL: 9.10 kN/m DL: 10.49 kN/m DL: 10.49 kN/m
DL: 7.28 kN/m
LL: 17.50 kN/m LL: 20.17 kN/m LL: 20.17 kN/m

7.00 m
LL: 14 kN/m

293.67 kN B4 B5 B6 B7

3.50 m
C6 C7 C8 C9 C10

4.00 m 5.00 m 6.00 m 6.00 m

FRONT ELEVATION

1 2 3 4

DL: 6.47 kN/m DL: 6.47 kN/m

LL: 1.57 kN/m DL: 3.43 kN/m LL: 1.57 kN/m
LL: 0.83 kN/m
248.75 kN B8 B9 B8

3.50 m
C1 C11 C12 C13
DL: 8.59 kN/m DL: 8.59 kN/m
LL: 16.52 kN/m DL: 4.55 kN/m LL: 16.52 kN/m

7.00 m
LL: 8.75 kN/m
293.67 kN B10 B11 B12

C6 C14 C15 C16

3.50 m

5.00 m 2.50 m 5.00 m

LEFT SIDE ELEVATION

LOADINGS (INCREASE BY 15 TIMES)

FRONT ELEVATION
 LEFT SIDE ELEVATION

LOAD ANALYSIS (BY THREE MOMENT EQUATION)

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5
B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11

B12
Design Parameters:
Fy = 248 MPa (A36 steel)
Es = 200GPa
Fu = 400 MPa
Fv = 207 Mpa for bolts
Fp =1.2Fu

For Beam 1

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 109.6 kN∙m ML.L. = 26.6 kN∙m MD.L. = 109.6 kN∙m ML.L. = 26.6 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(109.6 kN∙m) + 1.6(26.6 kN∙m) = 174.08 kN∙m Mu = 109.6 kN∙m + 26.6 kN∙m = 136.2 kN∙m

Vu = 261.12 kN Va = 204.5 kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑏 𝑏

174.08𝑥106 136.2𝑥106
𝑆𝑥 = = 779.93𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 832.11𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S100x11 Use S75x11

W = 11.4 kg/m A = 1450 mm2 W = 11.2 kg/m A = 1430 mm2

d = 102 mm bf = 68 mm d = 76 mm bf = 64 mm

tf = 7.4 mm tw = 4.8 mm tf = 6.6 mm tw = 8.9 mm

Ix = 2.55 x106 mm4 Sx =50.1x103 mm3 Ix = 1.22 x106 mm4 Sx =32.0x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 779.93𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 50.1x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 832.11𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 32.0x103 (NOT SAFE!)

DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld) 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 68 + 32 = 100 𝑚𝑚 𝑏 = 64 + 32 = 96 𝑚𝑚

Try b = 120 mm Try b = 150 mm

(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (779.93𝑥103 − 50.1x103 )(1.05) (𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (832.11𝑥103 − 32x103 )(1.05)
𝑡= = 𝑡= =
𝑏𝑑 120(102) 𝑏𝑑 150(76)

𝑡 = 62.53 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 65 𝑚𝑚 𝑡 = 73.68 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 75 𝑚𝑚

6
102(653 ) 76(753 )
I = 2.55 x10 + [ + 102(65)(1162 )] (2) 6
I = 1.22 x10 + [ + 76(75)(1132 )] (2)
12 12

𝐼 = 185.65𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 𝐼 = 152.13𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

185.65𝑥106 152.13𝑥106
𝑆= = 1600.43𝑥103 𝑆= = 1346.28𝑥103
116 113

𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 1600.43𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 779.93𝑥103 (SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 1346.28𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 832.11𝑥103 (SAFE!)
Check Moment Capacity Check Moment Capacity

𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑓𝑏 𝑏 𝑓𝑏 𝑏

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (1600.43𝑥103 )(0.9)(248) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (1346.28𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 357.31 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 174.08 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 220.36 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 136.2𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)

Check Shear Capacity Check Shear Capacity

𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉
𝑉𝑎 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 102 − 2(7.4)
= = 18.17 ℎ 76 − 2(6.6)
𝑡𝑤 4.8
= = 7.06
𝑡𝑤 8.9
𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61 𝐸 200000
𝐹𝑦 248 2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0 ℎ 𝐸
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦 [ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦

𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(120)(65)(1.0)] = 1160.64 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(150)(75)(1.0)]
= = 1116 kN
[𝑉𝑢 = 34.74 kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 (safe!) Ω𝑣 1.5

Therefore, use 120 mm x 65 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛

[𝑉𝑎 = 204.5 kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 150 mm x 75 mm cover plates

For Beam 2

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 321.15 kN∙m ML.L. = 78.45 kN∙m MD.L. = 321.15 kN∙m ML.L. = 78.45 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(321.15 kN∙m) + 1.6(78.45 kN∙m) = 510.9 kN∙m Mu = 321.15 kN∙m + 78.45 kN∙m = 399.6 kN∙m

Vu = 510.9 kN Va = 399.6 kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑓𝑏 𝑓𝑏

510.9𝑥106 399.6𝑥106
𝑆𝑥 = = 2288.99𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 2441.35𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S150x19 Use S150x19

W = 18.6 kg/m A = 2370 mm2 W = 18.6 kg/m A = 2370 mm2

d = 152 mm bf = 85 mm d = 152 mm bf = 85 mm

tf = 9.1 mm tw = 5.9 mm tf = 9.1 mm tw = 5.9 mm

Ix = 9.19 x106 mm4 Sx =121x103 mm3 Ix = 9.19 x106 mm4 Sx =121x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 2288.99𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 121x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 2441.35𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 121x103 (NOT SAFE!)
DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)
𝑏 = 85 + 32 = 96 𝑚𝑚
𝑏 = 85 + 32 = 100 𝑚𝑚
Try b = 280 mm
Try b = 250 mm
(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (2441.35𝑥103 − 121x103 )(1.05)
(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (2288.99𝑥103 − 121x103 )(1.05) 𝑡= =
𝑡= = 𝑏𝑑 250(152)
𝑏𝑑 250(152)
𝑡 = 57.24 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 60 𝑚𝑚
𝑡 = 59.90 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 60 𝑚𝑚
152(603 )
6
152(603 ) I = 9.19 x106 + [ + 152(80)(1362 )] (2)
I = 9.19 x10 + [ + 152(80)(1362 )] (2) 12
12
𝐼 = 352.03𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝐼 = 352.03𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
352.03𝑥106
352.03𝑥106 𝑆= = 2550.94𝑥103
𝑆= = 2550.94𝑥103 136
136
𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 2550.94𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 2241.35𝑥103 (SAFE!)
𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 2550.94𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 2288.99𝑥103 (SAFE!)
Check Moment Capacity
Check Moment Capacity
𝑀
𝑀 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑓𝑏 𝑏
𝑓𝑏
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (2550.94𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (2550.94𝑥103 )(0.9)(248)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 417.54 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 399.6 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 569.37 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 510.9 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)
Check Shear Capacity
Check Shear Capacity
𝑉
𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉𝑢 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 152 − 2(9.1)
= = 22.68 ℎ 152 − 2(9.1)
𝑡𝑤 5.9 = = 22.68
𝑡𝑤 5.9

𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61 𝐸 200000
𝐹𝑦 248 2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0 ℎ 𝐸
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦 [ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦

𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(250)(60)(1.0)] = 1160.64 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(280)(60)(1.0)]
= = 1666.56 kN
[𝑉𝑢 = 510.9 kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 (safe!) Ω𝑣 1.5

Therefore, use 250 mm x 60 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛

[𝑉𝑢 = 399.6 kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 280 mm x 60 mm cover plates

 For Beam 3

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 533.25 kN∙m ML.L. = 129.6 kN∙m MD.L. = 533.25 kN∙m ML.L. = 129.6 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(533.25 kN∙m) + 1.6(129.6 kN∙m) = 847.26 kN∙m Mu = 533.25 kN∙m + 129.46 kN∙m = 662.71 kN∙m

Vu = 564.84 kN Va = 441.9 kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑏 𝑏

847.26𝑥106 662.71𝑥106
𝑆𝑥 = = 3795.97𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 4048.81𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S150x26 Use S200x27

W = 25.7 kg/m A = 3270 mm2 W = 27.5 kg/m A = 3500 mm2

d = 152 mm bf = 91 mm d = 203 mm bf = 102 mm

tf = 9.1 mm tw = 11.8 mm tf = 10.8 mm tw = 6.9 mm

Ix = 10.9 x106 mm4 Sx =144x103 mm3 Ix = 24 x106 mm4 Sx =237x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 3795.97𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 144x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 4048.81𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 237x103 (NOT SAFE!)

DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld) 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 91 + 32 = 123 𝑚𝑚 𝑏 = 102 + 32 = 134 𝑚𝑚

Try b = 300 mm Try b = 350 mm

(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (3795.97𝑥103 − 144x103 )(1.05) (𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (4048.81𝑥103 − 237x103 )(1.05)
𝑡= = 𝑡= =
𝑏𝑑 300(152) 𝑏𝑑 350(203)

𝑡 = 84.09 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 85 𝑚𝑚 𝑡 = 56.33 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 60 𝑚𝑚

152(853 ) 203(603 )
I = 10.9 x106 + [ + 152(85)(1612 )] (2) I = 24 x106 + [ + 203(60)(161.52 )] (2)
12 12

𝐼 = 696.26𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 𝐼 = 66.67𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

696.26𝑥106 667.67𝑥106
𝑆= = 4324.60𝑥103 𝑆= = 4127.99𝑥103
161 161.5

𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 4324.60𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 3795.97𝑥103 (SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 4127.99𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 4048.81𝑥103 (SAFE!)

Check Moment Capacity Check Moment Capacity

𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑓𝑏 𝑏 𝑓𝑏 𝑏

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (4324.60𝑥103 )(0.9)(248) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (4127.99𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 965.25 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 847.26 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 675.66 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 662.71 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)
Check Shear Capacity Check Shear Capacity

𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉
𝑉𝑢 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 152 − 2(9.1)
= = 11.34
𝑡𝑤 11.8 ℎ 203 − 2(10.8)
= = 26.30
𝑡𝑤 6.9
𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248 𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦 ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦
𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(300)(85)(1.0)] = 3794.4 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(350)(60)(1.0)]
[𝑉𝑢 = 564.84 kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 (safe!) = = 2083.2 kN
Ω𝑣 1.5
Therefore, use 300 mm x 85 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛
[𝑉𝑢 = 441.9 kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 350 mm x 60 mm cover plates

For Beam 4

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 218.4 kN∙m ML.L. = 420 kN∙m MD.L. = 218.4 kN∙m ML.L. = 420 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(218.4 kN∙m) + 1.6(420 kN∙m) = 934.08 kN∙m Mu = 218.4 kN∙m + 420 kN∙m = 638.4 kN∙m

Vu = 938.08 kN Va = 441.9 kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑏 𝑏

934.08𝑥106 638.4𝑥106
𝑆𝑥 = = 4184.9𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 3900.29𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S200x27 Use S200x27

W = 27.5 kg/m A = 3500 mm2 W = 27.5 kg/m A = 3500 mm2

d = 203 mm bf = 102 mm d = 203 mm bf = 102 mm

tf = 10.8 mm tw = 6.9 mm tf = 10.8 mm tw = 6.9 mm

Ix = 24 x106 mm4 Sx =237x103 mm3 Ix = 24 x106 mm4 Sx =237x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 4184.9𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 237x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 3900.29𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 237x103 (NOT SAFE!)
DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld) 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 102 + 32 = 134 𝑚𝑚 𝑏 = 102 + 32 = 134 𝑚𝑚

Try b = 350 mm Try b = 350 mm

(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (4184.9𝑥103 − 237x103 )(1.05) (𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (3900.29𝑥103 − 237x103 )(1.05)
𝑡= = 𝑡= =
𝑏𝑑 350(203) 𝑏𝑑 350(203)

𝑡 = 61.84 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 65 𝑚𝑚 𝑡 = 54.14 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 60 𝑚𝑚

203(653 ) 203(603 )
I = 24x106 + [ + 203(65)(166.52 )] (2) I = 24 x106 + [ + 203(60)(161.52 )] (2)
12 12

𝐼 = 764.88𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 𝐼 = 666.67𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

764.88𝑥106 667.67𝑥106
𝑆= = 4324.60𝑥103 𝑆= = 4127.99𝑥103
166.5 161.5

𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 4593.87𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 4184.9𝑥103 (SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 4127.99𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 3900.29𝑥103 (SAFE!)

Check Moment Capacity Check Moment Capacity

𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑓𝑏 𝑏 𝑓𝑏 𝑏

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (4593.87𝑥103 )(0.9)(248) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (4127.99𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 1025 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 934.08 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 675.66 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 638.4 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)

Check Shear Capacity Check Shear Capacity

𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉
𝑉𝑢 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 203 − 2(10.8)
= = 26.30
𝑡𝑤 6.9 ℎ 203 − 2(10.8)
= = 26.30
𝑡𝑤 6.9
𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248 𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0 ℎ 𝐸
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦
𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(350)(65)(1.0)] = 3385.2 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(350)(60)(1.0)]
[𝑉𝑢 = 934.08 kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 (safe!) = = 2083.2 kN
Ω𝑣 1.5

Therefore, use 350 mm x 65 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛

[𝑉𝑢 = 634.4 kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 350 mm x 60 mm cover plates

 For Beam 5

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 426.56 kN∙m ML.L. = 820.31 kN∙m MD.L. = 426.56 kN∙m ML.L. = 820.31 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(426.56 kN∙m) + 1.6(820.31 kN∙m) = 1824.37 kN∙m Mu = 426.56 kN∙m + 820.31 kN∙m = 1246.87 kN∙m

Vu = 1824.37 kN Va = 1246.87kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑓𝑏 𝑓𝑏

1824.37 𝑥106 1246.87𝑥106

𝑆𝑥 = = 8173.70𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 7617.73𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S250x38 Use S250x38

W = 37.8 kg/m A = 4820 mm2 W = 37.8 kg/m A = 4820 mm2

d = 254 mm bf = 118 mm d = 254 mm bf = 118 mm

tf = 12.5 mm tw = 7.9 mm tf = 12.5 mm tw = 7.9 mm

Ix = 51.4 x106 mm4 Sx =405x103 mm3 Ix = 51.4 x106 mm4 Sx =405x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 8173.70𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 405x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 7617.73𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 405x103 (NOT SAFE!)

DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld) 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 118 + 32 = 150 𝑚𝑚 𝑏 = 118 + 32 = 150 𝑚𝑚

Try b = 400 mm Try b = 400 mm

(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (8173.70𝑥103 − 405x103 )(1.05) (𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (7617.73𝑥103 − 405x103 )(1.05)
𝑡= = 𝑡= =
𝑏𝑑 400(254) 𝑏𝑑 400(254)

𝑡 = 80.29 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 85 𝑚𝑚 𝑡 = 74.54 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 75 𝑚𝑚

254(853 ) 254(753 )
I = 51.4x106 + [ + 254(85)(2122 )] (2) I = 51.4x106 + [ + 254(75)(2072 )] (2)
12 12

𝐼 = 2018.08𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 𝐼 = 1623.89𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

2018.08𝑥106 1623.89𝑥106
𝑆= = 9519.25𝑥103 𝑆= = 8039.06𝑥103
212 161.5

𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 9519.25𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 8173.70𝑥103 (SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 8039.06𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 7617.73𝑥103 (SAFE!)
Check Moment Capacity Check Moment Capacity

𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑓𝑏 𝑏 𝑓𝑏 𝑏

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (9519.25𝑥103 )(0.9)(248) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (8039.06𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 2124.70 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 1824.37 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 1315.83 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 1246.87 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)

Check Shear Capacity Check Shear Capacity

𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉
𝑉𝑢 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 254 − 2(12.5)
= = 28.99
𝑡𝑤 7.9 ℎ 254 − 2(12.5)
= = 28.99
𝑡𝑤 7.9
𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248 𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0 ℎ 𝐸
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦
𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(400)(85)(1.0)] = 5059.2 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(400)(75)(1.0)]
[𝑉𝑢 = 1824.37 kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 (safe!) = = 2967 kN
Ω𝑣 1.5

Therefore, use 400 mm x 85 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛

[𝑉𝑢 = 1246.87 kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 400 mm x 75 mm cover plates

For Beam 6

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 708.15 kN∙m ML.L. = 1361.55 kN∙m MD.L. = 708.15 kN∙m ML.L. = 1361.55 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(708.15 kN∙m) + 1.6(1361.55 kN∙m) = 3028.26 kN∙m Mu = 708.15 kN∙m + 1361.55 kN∙m = 2069.7 kN∙m

Vu = 2523.48 kN Va = 1724.7 kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑓𝑏 𝑓𝑏

3028.26 𝑥106 2069.7 𝑥106

𝑆𝑥 = = 13567.47𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 12644.79𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S310x47 Use S250x52

W = 47.4 kg/m A = 6040 mm2 W = 52.3 kg/m A = 6660 mm2

d = 305 mm bf = 127 mm d = 254 mm bf = 126 mm

tf = 13.8 mm tw = 8.9 mm tf = 12.5 mm tw = 15.1 mm

Ix = 91.1 x106 mm4 Sx =597x103 mm3 Ix = 61.6 x106 mm4 Sx =485x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 13567.47𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 597x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 12644.79𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 485x103 (NOT SAFE!)
DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)
𝑏 = 126 + 32 = 158 𝑚𝑚
𝑏 = 127 + 32 = 159 𝑚𝑚
Try b = 450 mm
Try b = 500 mm
(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (12644.79𝑥103 − 485x103 )(1.05)
(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (13567.47𝑥103 − 597x103 )(1.05) 𝑡= =
𝑡= = 𝑏𝑑 600(254)
𝑏𝑑 500(305)
𝑡 = 111.70 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 120 𝑚𝑚
𝑡 = 89.30 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 90 𝑚𝑚
254(1203 )
305(903 ) I = 61.6x106 + [ + 254(120)(2472 )] (2)
I = 91.9x106 + [ + 305(90)(242.52 )] (2) 12
12
𝐼 = 3853.86𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝐼 = 3357.42𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
3853.86𝑥106
3357.42𝑥106 𝑆= = 15602.67𝑥103
𝑆= = 13845.03𝑥103 247
242.5
𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 15602.67𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 12644.79𝑥103 (SAFE!)
𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 13845.03𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 13567.47𝑥103 (SAFE!)
Check Moment Capacity
Check Moment Capacity
𝑀
𝑀 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑓𝑏 𝑏
𝑓𝑏
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (15602.67𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (13845.03𝑥103 )(0.9)(248)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 2553.85 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 2069.7 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 3090.21 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 3028.26𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)
Check Shear Capacity
Check Shear Capacity
𝑉
𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉𝑢 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 305 − 2(13.8)
= = 31.17 ℎ 254 − 2(12.5)
𝑡𝑤 8.9 = = 15.17
𝑡𝑤 15.1

𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61 𝐸 200000
𝐹𝑦 248 2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0 ℎ 𝐸
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦 [ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦

𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(500)(90)(1.0)] = 6696 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(450)(120)(1.0)]
= = 5356.8 kN
[𝑉𝑢 = 2523.48kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 (safe!) Ω𝑣 1.5

Therefore, use 500 mm x 90 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛

[𝑉𝑢 = 1724.7 kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 450 mm x 120 mm cover plates

 For Beam 7

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 472.05 kN∙m ML.L. = 907.65 kN∙m MD.L. = 472.05 kN∙m ML.L. = 907.65 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(472.05 kN∙m) + 1.6(907.65 kN∙m) = 2018.7 kN∙m Mu = 472.05 kN∙m + 907.65 kN∙m = 1379.7 kN∙m

Vu = 2018.7 kN Va = 1379.7 kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑏 𝑏

2018.7 𝑥106 1379.7𝑥106

𝑆𝑥 = = 9044.35𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 8429.25𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S250x38 Use S250x38

W = 37.8 kg/m A = 4820 mm2 W = 37.8 kg/m A = 4820 mm2

d = 254 mm bf = 118 mm d = 254 mm bf = 118 mm

tf = 12.5 mm tw = 7.9 mm tf = 12.5 mm tw = 7.9 mm

Ix = 51.4 x106 mm4 Sx =405x103 mm3 Ix = 51.4 x106 mm4 Sx =405x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 9044.35𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 405x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 8429.25𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 405x103 (NOT SAFE!)

DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld) 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 118 + 32 = 150 𝑚𝑚 𝑏 = 118 + 32 = 150 𝑚𝑚

Try b = 430 mm Try b = 400 mm

(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (9044.35𝑥103 − 405x103 )(1.05) (𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (8429.25𝑥103 − 405x103 )(1.05)
𝑡= = 𝑡= =
𝑏𝑑 430(254) 𝑏𝑑 400(254)

𝑡 = 83.06 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 85 𝑚𝑚 𝑡 = 82.93 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 85 𝑚𝑚

6
254(853 ) 254(853 )
I = 51.4x10 + [ + 254(85)(2122 )] (2) 6
I = 51.4x10 + [ + 254(85)(2122 )] (2)
12 12

𝐼 = 2018.08𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 𝐼 = 2018.08𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

2018.08𝑥106 2018.08𝑥106
𝑆= = 9519.25𝑥103 𝑆= = 9519.25𝑥103
212 212

𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 9519.25𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 9044.35𝑥103 (SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 9519.25𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 8429.25𝑥103 (SAFE!)

Check Moment Capacity Check Moment Capacity

𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑓𝑏 𝑏 𝑓𝑏 𝑏

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (9519.25𝑥103 )(0.9)(248) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (9519.25𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 2124.70 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 2018.7 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 1558.11 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 1379.7 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)
Check Shear Capacity Check Shear Capacity

𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉
𝑉𝑢 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 254 − 2(12.5)
= = 28.99
𝑡𝑤 7.9 ℎ 254 − 2(12.5)
= = 28.99
𝑡𝑤 7.9
𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248 𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0 ℎ 𝐸
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦
𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(430)(85)(1.0)] = 5438.64 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(400)(85)(1.0)]
[𝑉𝑢 = 2018.7 kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 (safe!) = = 3372.8 kN
Ω𝑣 1.5

Therefore, use 430 mm x 85 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛

[𝑉𝑢 = 1379.7 kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 400 mm x 85 mm cover plates

For Beam 8

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 303.45 kN∙m ML.L. = 73.65 kN∙m MD.L. = 303.45 kN∙m ML.L. = 73.65 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(303.45 kN∙m) + 1.6(73.65 kN∙m) = 481.98 kN∙m Mu = 303.45 kN∙m + 73.65 kN∙m = 377.1 kN∙m

Vu = 481.98 kN Va = 377.1 kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑏 𝑏

481.98 𝑥106 377.1𝑥106

𝑆𝑥 = = 2159.41𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 2303.27𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S150x19 Use S150x19

W = 18.6 kg/m A = 2370 mm2 W = 18.6 kg/m A = 2370 mm2

d = 152 mm bf = 85 mm d = 152 mm bf = 85 mm

tf = 9.1 mm tw = 5.9 mm tf = 9.1 mm tw = 5.9 mm

Ix = 9.19 x106 mm4 Sx =121x103 mm3 Ix = 9.19 x106 mm4 Sx =121x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 2159.41𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 121x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 2303.27𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 121x103 (NOT SAFE!)
DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld) 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 85 + 32 = 100 𝑚𝑚 𝑏 = 85 + 32 = 96 𝑚𝑚

Try b = 250 mm Try b = 270 mm

(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (2159.41𝑥103 − 121x103 )(1.05) (𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (2303.27𝑥103 − 121x103 )(1.05)
𝑡= = 𝑡= =
𝑏𝑑 250(152) 𝑏𝑑 250(152)

𝑡 = 56.32 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 60 𝑚𝑚 𝑡 = 55.83 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 60 𝑚𝑚

152(603 ) 152(603 )
6
I = 9.19 x10 + [ + 152(80)(1362 )] (2) I = 9.19 x106 + [ + 152(80)(1362 )] (2)
12 12

𝐼 = 352.03𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 𝐼 = 352.03𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

352.03𝑥106 352.03𝑥106
𝑆= = 2550.94𝑥103 𝑆= = 2550.94𝑥103
136 136

𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 2550.94𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 2159.41𝑥103 (SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 2550.94𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 2303.27𝑥103 (SAFE!)

Check Moment Capacity Check Moment Capacity

𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.9𝐹𝑦
𝑓𝑏 𝑏 𝑓𝑏 𝑏

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (2550.94𝑥103 )(0.9)(248) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (2550.94𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 569.37 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 481.98 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 417.54 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 377.1 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)

Check Shear Capacity Check Shear Capacity

𝑉
𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉𝑢 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 152 − 2(9.1)
= = 22.68 ℎ 152 − 2(9.1)
𝑡𝑤 5.9 = = 22.68
𝑡𝑤 5.9

𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61 𝐸 200000
𝐹𝑦 248 2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0 ℎ 𝐸
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦 [ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦

𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(250)(60)(1.0)] = 1160.64 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(270)(60)(1.0)]
= = 1607.04 kN
[𝑉𝑢 = 481.98 kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 ](safe!) Ω𝑣 1.5

Therefore, use 250 mm x 60 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛

[𝑉𝑢 = 377.1 kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 270 mm x 60 mm cover plates

 For Beam 9

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 41.55 kN∙m ML.L. = 9.75 kN∙m MD.L. = 41.55 kN∙m ML.L. = 9.75 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(303.45 kN∙m) + 1.6(73.65 kN∙m) = 65.46 kN∙m Mu = 41.55 kN∙m + 9.75 kN∙m = 51.3 kN∙m

Vu = 128.4 kN Va = 100.5 kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑏 𝑏

65.46 𝑥106 51.3𝑥106

𝑆𝑥 = = 293.28𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 313.42𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S75x8 Use S75x8

W = 8.4 kg/m A = 1070 mm2 W = 8.4 kg/m A = 1070 mm2

d = 76 mm bf = 59 mm d = 76 mm bf = 59 mm

tf = 6.6 mm tw = 4.3 mm tf = 6.6 mm tw = 4.3 mm

Ix = 1.04 x106 mm4 Sx =27.4x103 mm3 Ix = 1.04 x106 mm4 Sx =27.4x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 293.28𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 27.4x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 313.42𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 27.4x103 (NOT SAFE!)

DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)
𝑏 = 59 + 32 = 91 𝑚𝑚
𝑏 = 59 + 32 = 91 𝑚𝑚
Try b = 150 mm
Try b = 150 mm
(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (313.42𝑥103 − 27.4x103 )(1.05)
(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (293.28𝑥103 − 27.4x103 )(1.05) 𝑡= =
𝑡= = 𝑏𝑑 150(76)
𝑏𝑑 150(76)
𝑡 = 26.34 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 30 𝑚𝑚
𝑡 = 24.49 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 30 𝑚𝑚
76(253 )
6
76(253 ) I = 1.04 x106 + [ + 76(30)(682 )] (2)
I = 1.04 x10 + [ + 76(30)(682 )] (2) 12
12
𝐼 = 22.32𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝐼 = 22.32𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
22.32𝑥106
22.32𝑥106 𝑆= = 328.24𝑥103
𝑆= = 328.24𝑥103 68
68
𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 328.24𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 313.42𝑥103 (SAFE!)
𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 328.24𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 293.28𝑥103 (SAFE!)
Check Moment Capacity
Check Moment Capacity
𝑀
𝑀 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑓𝑏 𝑏
𝑓𝑏 𝑏
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (328.24𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (328.24𝑥103 )(0.9)(248)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 53.73 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 51.3𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 73.26 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 65.46 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)
Check Shear Capacity Check Shear Capacity

𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉
𝑉𝑢 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 76 − 2(6.6)
= = 14.60
𝑡𝑤 4.3 ℎ 76 − 2(6.6)
= = 14.60
𝑡𝑤 4.3
𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248 𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0 ℎ 𝐸
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦
𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(150)(30)(1.0)] = 669.6 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(150)(30)(1.0)]
[𝑉𝑢 = 128.4 kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 (safe!) = = 446.4 kN
Ω𝑣 1.5

Therefore, use 150 mm x 30 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛

[𝑉𝑢 = 100.5 kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 150 mm x 30 mm cover plates

For Beam 10

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 402.75 kN∙m ML.L. = 774.45 kN∙m MD.L. = 402.75 kN∙m ML.L. = 774.45 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(402.75 kN∙m) + 1.6(774.45 kN∙m) = 1722.42 kN∙m Mu = 402.75 kN∙m + 774.45 kN∙m = 1177.2 kN∙m

Vu = 1377.84 kN Va = 941.7 kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑏 𝑏

1722.42 𝑥106 1177.2𝑥106

𝑆𝑥 = = 7716.94𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 7192.08𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S250x38 Use S250x38

W = 37.8 kg/m A = 4820 mm2 W = 37.8 kg/m A = 4820 mm2

d = 254 mm bf = 118 mm d = 254 mm bf = 118 mm

tf = 12.5 mm tw = 7.9 mm tf = 12.5 mm tw = 7.9 mm

Ix = 51.4 x106 mm4 Sx =405x103 mm3 Ix = 51.4 x106 mm4 Sx =405x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 7716.94𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 405x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 7192.08𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 405x103 (NOT SAFE!)
DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld) 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 118 + 32 = 150 𝑚𝑚 𝑏 = 118 + 32 = 150 𝑚𝑚

Try b = 420 mm Try b = 400 mm

(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (7716.94𝑥103 − 405x103 )(1.05) (𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (7192.08𝑥103 − 405x103 )(1.05)
𝑡= = 𝑡= =
𝑏𝑑 420(254) 𝑏𝑑 400(254)

𝑡 = 71.97 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 75 𝑚𝑚 𝑡 = 70.14 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 75 𝑚𝑚

254(753 ) 254(753 )
I = 51.4x106 + [ + 254(75)(2072 )] (2) I = 51.4x106 + [ + 254(75)(2072 )] (2)
12 12

𝐼 = 1623.89𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 𝐼 = 1623.89𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

1623.89𝑥106 1623.89𝑥106
𝑆= = 8039.06𝑥103 𝑆= = 8039.06𝑥103
161.5 161.5

𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 8039.06𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 7716.94𝑥103 (SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 8039.06𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 7192.08𝑥103 (SAFE!)

Check Moment Capacity Check Moment Capacity

𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑓𝑏 𝑏 𝑓𝑏 𝑏

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (8039.06𝑥103 )(0.9)(248) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (8039.06𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 1794.32 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 1722.42 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 1315.83 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 1177.2 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)

Check Shear Capacity Check Shear Capacity

𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉
𝑉𝑢 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 254 − 2(12.5)
= = 28.99
𝑡𝑤 7.9 ℎ 254 − 2(12.5)
= = 28.99
𝑡𝑤 7.9
𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248 𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0 ℎ 𝐸
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦
𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(420)(75)(1.0)] = 4687.2 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(400)(75)(1.0)]
[𝑉𝑢 = 1377.84 kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 (safe!) = = 2967 kN
Ω𝑣 1.5

Therefore, use 420 mm x 75 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛

[𝑉𝑢 = 941.7 kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 400 mm x 75 mm cover plates

 For Beam 11

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 53.4 kN∙m ML.L. = 82.08 kN∙m MD.L. = 53.4 kN∙m ML.L. = 82.08 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(53.4 kN∙m) + 1.6(82.08 kN∙m) = 195.41 kN∙m Mu = 53.4 kN∙m + 82.08 kN∙m = 135.48 kN∙m

Vu = 456.48 kN Va = 357 kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑏 𝑏

195.41𝑥106 135.48𝑥106
𝑆𝑥 = = 875.49𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 827.71𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S100x11 Use S100x11

W = 11.4 kg/m A = 1450 mm2 W = 11.4 kg/m A = 1450 mm2

d = 102 mm bf = 68 mm d = 102 mm bf = 68 mm

tf = 7.4 mm tw = 4.8 mm tf = 7.4 mm tw = 4.8 mm

Ix = 2.55 x106 mm4 Sx =50.1x103 mm3 Ix = 2.55 x106 mm4 Sx =50.1x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 779.93𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 50.1x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 827.71𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 50.1x103 (NOT SAFE!)

DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld) 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 68 + 32 = 100 𝑚𝑚 𝑏 = 68 + 32 = 100 𝑚𝑚

Try b = 200 mm Try b = 150 mm

(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (779.93𝑥103 − 50.1x103 )(1.05) (𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (827.71𝑥103 − 50.1x103 )(1.05)
𝑡= = 𝑡= =
𝑏𝑑 200(102) 𝑏𝑑 200(102)

𝑡 = 37.56 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 45 𝑚𝑚 𝑡 = 62.53 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 65 𝑚𝑚

102(453 ) 102(653 )
I = 2.55 x106 + [ + 102(45)(962 )] (2) I = 2.55 x106 + [ + 102(65)(1162 )] (2)
12 12

𝐼 = 88.70𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4 𝐼 = 185.65𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4

71.21𝑥106 185.65𝑥106
𝑆= = 923.96𝑥103 𝑆= = 1600.43𝑥103
96 116

𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 923.96𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 779.93𝑥103 (SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 1600.43𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 827.71𝑥103 (SAFE!)

Check Moment Capacity Check Moment Capacity

𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑓𝑏 𝑏 𝑓𝑏 𝑏

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (923.96𝑥103 )(0.9)(248) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (1600.43𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)

𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 206.23 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 195.41𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!) 𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 158.76 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 135.8 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)
Check Shear Capacity Check Shear Capacity

𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉
𝑉𝑎 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 102 − 2(7.4)
= = 18.17
𝑡𝑤 4.8 ℎ 102 − 2(7.4)
= = 18.17
𝑡𝑤 4.8
𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61 𝐸 200000
𝐹𝑦 248 2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0 ℎ 𝐸
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦 [ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦

𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(200)(40)(1.0)] = 1339.2 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(150)(75)(1.0)]
= = 1116 kN
[𝑉𝑢 = 456.48 kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 (safe!) Ω𝑣 1.5

Therefore, use 200 mm x 45 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛

[𝑉𝑎 = 357 kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 150 mm x 75 mm cover plates

For Beam 12

LRFD ASD

MD.L. = 268.5 kN∙m ML.L. = 516.3 kN∙m MD.L. = 268.5 kN∙m ML.L. = 516.3 kN∙m

Mu = 1.2(268.5 kN∙m) + 1.6(516.3 kN∙m) = 1148.28 kN∙m Mu = 268.5 kN∙m + 516.3 kN∙m = 1053.3 kN∙m

Vu = 1377.84 kN Va = 941.7 kN
𝑀 𝑀
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.66𝐹𝑦 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑏 𝑏

1148.28𝑥106 1053.3 𝑥106

𝑆𝑥 = = 5144.62𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3 𝑆𝑥 = = 6435.12𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
0.9(248) 0.66(248)

Use S200x34 Use S200x27

W = 34.3 kg/m A = 4370 mm2 W = 27.5 kg/m A = 3500 mm2

d = 203 mm bf = 106 mm d = 203 mm bf = 102 mm

tf = 10.8 mm tw = 11.2 mm tf = 10.8 mm tw = 6.9 mm

Ix = 27 x106 mm4 Sx =266x103 mm3 Ix = 24 x106 mm4 Sx =237x103 mm3

Check Adequacy: Check Adequacy:

𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 5144.62𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 144x103 (NOT SAFE!) 𝑆𝑥(𝑟𝑒𝑞) = 6435.12𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 237x103 (NOT SAFE!)
DESIGN A COVER PLATE DESIGN A COVER PLATE

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)

𝑏 = 𝑏𝑓 + 32 𝑚𝑚 (approximately to permit disposition of a fillet weld)
𝑏 = 102 + 32 = 134 𝑚𝑚
𝑏 = 106 + 32 = 138 𝑚𝑚
Try b = 400 mm
Try b = 300 mm
(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (6435.12𝑥103 − 237x103 )(1.05)
(𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑤𝑓) (1.05) (5144.62𝑥103 − 266x103 )(1.05) 𝑡= =
𝑡= = 𝑏𝑑 400(203)
𝑏𝑑 300(203)
𝑡 = 80.15 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 85 𝑚𝑚
𝑡 = 84.11 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 85 𝑚𝑚
203(853 )
203(853 ) I = 24 x106 + [ + 203(85)(186.52 )] (2)
I = 27x106 + [ + 203(85)(186.52 )] (2) 12
12
𝐼 = 1245.11𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝐼 = 1248.11𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
1245.11𝑥106
1248.11𝑥106 𝑆= = 6676.19𝑥103
𝑆= = 6692.28𝑥103 186.5
186.5
𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 6676.19𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 6435.12𝑥103 (SAFE!)
𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒−𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 6692.28𝑥103 > 𝑆𝑥(𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙) = 5144.62𝑥103 (SAFE!)
Check Moment Capacity
Check Moment Capacity
𝑀
𝑀 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓 = 0.66𝐹𝑦
𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑓𝑏 = 0.9𝐹𝑦 𝑓𝑏 𝑏
𝑓𝑏
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.66𝐹𝑦 = (6676.19𝑥103 )(0.66)(248)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑆𝑥 0.9𝐹𝑦 = (6692.28𝑥103 )(0.9)(248)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 1092.76 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 1053.3 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 1493.72 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 > 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 1148.28 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬!)
Check Shear Capacity
Check Shear Capacity
𝑉
𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 , 𝜑𝑣 = 1.0 𝑉𝑢 = , Ω = 1.5
Ω𝑣 𝑣
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
𝑉𝑛 = 0.60𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑤 𝐶𝑣 , 𝐴𝑤 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑏𝑡
ℎ 203 − 2(10.8)
= = 16.20 ℎ 203 − 2(10.8)
𝑡𝑤 11.2 = = 26.30
𝑡𝑤 6.9

𝐸 200000
2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61 𝐸 200000
𝐹𝑦 248 2.254√ = 2.24√ = 63.61
𝐹𝑦 248

ℎ 𝐸
[ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0 ℎ 𝐸
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦 [ ] < [2.254√ ] Use C𝑣 = 1.0
𝑡𝑤 𝐹𝑦

𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 = 1.0[0.60(248)(300)(85)(1.0)] = 3794.4 kN
𝑉𝑛 [0.60(248)(400)(85)(1.0)]
= = 3372.8 kN
[𝑉𝑢 = 1377.84kN] < 𝜑𝑣 𝑉𝑛 (safe!) Ω𝑣 1.5

Therefore, use 300 mm x 85 mm cover plates 𝑉𝑛

[𝑉𝑢 = 941.7kN] < (safe!)
Ω𝑣

Therefore, use 400 mm x 85 mm cover plates