E-commerce and E-Governance

1. E-commerce stands for electronic commerce.

2. Commerce is buying and selling of goods.
3. One of the most popular activities on the web is
shopping.
4. E-commerce became possible in 1991 when internet
was open to commercial use.
5. The process of buying and selling of goods or services
using an electronic medium such as internet is called as
E-commerce.
6. Exchange of business information is done by: EDI, e-mail,
electronic fund transfer.
Traditional commerce E-commerce
Through personal automatic
interactions, manual
Limited to business hours 24x7
Face to face interaction Screen to face interaction
Limited to a particular global
geographical location
Payments by cash, cheques, Payments by bank transfer,
credit cards credit card, e-wallet, mobile
payment
Instant delivery of services Delivery of services takes
time
Scope is local Scope is global
7. Advantages of e-commerce: global scope, reduces paper
work (electronic transaction), cost saving, anytime
 shopping, no intermediaries, public services to
government.
8. Disadvantages of e-commerce: setup cost, physical
presence, security, goods delivery.
9. Types of e-commerce: B2C (Business to Consumer), B2B
(Business to Business), C2C (Consumer to Consumer),
C2B (Consumer to Business)
10. In B2C model, business sells its products directly to
a customer. B2C businesses are online retailers. Ex.
Amazon, Flipkart.
11. In B2B model, business sells its products to an
intermediate buyer who the sells the product to final
customer. Ex. Tata communications.
12. In C2C model, consumer helps another consumer
to sell their assets like residential property. Ex. OLX,
Quickr, online auction.
13. In C2B model, consumer has a value product that
can be consumed by businesses. Ex. Website blog
written for a business.
Pre-sales Search and Search: searching a
product,
negotiate Negotiate: comparing
cheaper prices
Execution Order and Order: sending request of
order
Delivery Deliver: receiving delivery
of product
Settlement Invoice and Invoice: receiving a bill
Payment: payment for
Payment services
After-sales Warranty and Free maintenance services,
complaints, get
After-sales maintenance services.
14. Modes of Payment: credit cards, mobile payments,
bank transfers, E-wallets.
15. Credit cards are the most common way for
customers to pay online.
16. Mobile payments offer a quick solution for
customers to purchase on e-commerce websites.
17. Customer can pay by scanning a barcode on an app
on mobile.
18. Use of mobile payments: donation portals, browser
games, social media networks
19. Mobile payment apps: BHIM, UPI, Paytm, Google
Pay, PayPal
20. Examples of bank transfer: NEFT (National
Electronic Funds transfer), IMPS (Immediate Payment
service)
21. E-wallet is a type of electronic card which is used
for transactions made online through computer or
smartphone.
22. An e-wallet is protected with password.
23. Examples of e-wallet: State bank buddy, Paytm
wallets
24. M-commerce is buying and selling of goods and
services through wireless handheld devices.
25. M-commerce enables users to access online
shopping platforms without needing to use a desktop
computer.
26. Application of m-commerce: mobile banking, ticket
booking, bill payment, stock market trading, online
auction.
27. Social commerce supports social interaction
through social media.
28. E-commerce technology: mobile commerce,
electronic funds transfer, supply chain management,
internet marketing, online transaction processing,
electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory
management systems, automated data collection
systems.
29. EDI is a process which allows one company to send
information to another company electronically rather
than on paper.
30. Business entities conducting business electronically
are called trading partners.
31. Business documents exchanged electronically:
Invoice and purchase orders.
32. EDI is computer-to-computer interchange of strictly
formatted documents via telecommunications.
33. E-governance is the implementation of information
technology in government progresses.
34. E-governance delivers SMART government. (S-
Simple, M-Moral, A-Accessible, R-Responsive, T-
transparent)
35. Advantages of e-governance: reduced corruption,
high transparency, increases convenience, direct
participation, reduction in overall cost, expanded reach
of govt.
36. Types of e-governance: G2C (government to
citizen), G2B (government to business), G2G
 (government to government), G2E (government to
employee)
37. In G2C, citizen get access to wide variety of
government/public services anytime and anywhere. Ex.
License renewals, paying taxes.
38. G2B provides access to relevant forms needed to
comply.
39. G2B aims at: eliminating paper work, saving time
and cost, establishing frequency.
40. In g2g, government agencies can share same
database using online communication.
41. G2G provides safe and secure inter-relationship
between domestic or foreign government.
42. The G2E is an internal part of G2G sector.
43. G2E is relationship between employees,
government institutions and their management.
44. E-governance projects: e-Mitra project (Rajasthan),
e-Seva project (Andhra Pradesh), CET (common entrance
test)
45. Digital India is a campaign launched by the
government to make the government services available
to citizens electronically.
46. UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age
Governance)
47. Encryption converts plain text to Cipher text.
48. Decryption converts cipher text to plain text.
49. Two types of encryptions: Symmetric (Private-key
encryption), asymmetric (Public-key encryption)
50. A digital signature is also known as electronic
signature that guarantees the authenticity of electronic
document.
51. A digital certificate is electronic password that
allows a person to exchange data securely over internet
using PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)
52. Digital certificate is also known as public key
certificate or identity certificate.