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Parmar SSC: Mughal Empire

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997 views7 pages

Parmar SSC: Mughal Empire

Uploaded by

xchandrabhan11
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MUGHAL EMPIRE

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First usage of Gun powder
Babur: 1526-30
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi Battle of Panipat on April 21, 1526
Estd. Mughal Dynasty (lasted till establishment of British rule in India)
Original name: Zahir-ud-Din-Muhammad
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Daulat Khan Lodi invited him to India
Calls themselves as “Uzbek”
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Military strategy of Babur

Wars of Babur
1527: defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar at Khanwa (Battle of Khanwa)
1528: he defeated Medini Rai of Chanderi at Chanderi
1529: he defeated Afghans in Battle of Ghagra
1530: he died at Agra. His tomb is in Kabul

Autobiography
Tuzuk-i-Baburi in Turkish

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Gave excellent account of India and his empire
Translated in Persian, named: Baburnama by Abdur Rahim Khanekhana
Translated in English by Madam Bevridge

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Humayun: 1530-40 and 1555-56
Son of Babur
Ascended throne in 1530
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His succession was challenged by
He fought two battles against:
Kamran, Hindal, Askari along with Afghans
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Shershah (Afghani ruler) at Chausa (1539) and Completely defeated
Kannauj/Bilgram (1540) by Shershah
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His sister, Gulbadan Begum, wrote his biography Humayunama


Built: Din Panah at Delhi as his second capital
After Sher Shah’s death Humayun invaded India
in 1555 and defeated his brothers the Afghans.
He once became the ruler of India.
Sher Shah: 1540-45 Bihar Death: while climbing down the stairs of library
(at Din Panah) in 1556 and was buried in Delhi
Son of Hasan Khan, the Jagirdar of Sasaram
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Ibrahim Lodhi transferred his father’s jagir to him


1539: defeated Humayun in Battle of Chausa Title assumed: Sher Shah
1540: defeated Humayun in Battle of Kannauj/Bilgram and annexed Kannauj
He conquested: Malwa (1542), Ranthambhor (1542), Raisin (1543),
Rajaputanaannexation of Marwar (1542), Chittor (1544) and Kalinjar (1545)
Death: in 1545 while conquering Kalinjar
Coin issued: Rupia and fixed standard weights and measures all over the empire
Built: G.T. Road Runs from Calcutta to Peshawar
Present day: Chittagong in Bangladesh
Sarai

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Sarai: Houses fully covered for rest or keeping materials while travelling through the
G.T. Road
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Land revenue system: land was measured and 1/3rd of the average land was fixed
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as land tax. The peasants was given Patta (title deed) and a qabuliyat (deed of
agreement) which fixed peasants rights and taxes
Zamindars were removed and taxes collected directly

Built: Purana Quila at Delhi


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Buried in: Sasaram

Purana Quila at Delhi


Akbar: 1556-1605
One of the greatest ruler of Mughal Dynasty
Eldest son of Humayun
Title: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi Ascended the throne at the
age of 13 at Kalanaur, Punjab
Regent: His tutor Bairam Khan

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2nd Battle of Panipat (1556): between Hemu (the Hindu General
of Muhammad Adil Shah) and Bairam Khan (the regent of Akbar)
Hemu was defeated, captured and slain

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Akbar tried to win over the Rajputas wherever possible and inducted Rajput kings into
Mughal service and treated them at par with Mughal nobility
Married: Harakha Bai (daughter of Bharmal/Biharimal) Kutchhwaha Rajput ruler
of Amer, capital-Jaipur in 1562
Rana Pratap Singh and son Amar Singh (Sisodiya Rajputs of Mewar), Capital-Chittor)
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did not recognised his supremacy

Battle of Haldighati (1576): between Rana Pratap and Mughal


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army led by Man Singh of Amer.
Rana Pratap was defeated
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Religion proclaimed (new): Din-i-Illahi (1581) Based on synthesis of values from


several religions like: Hinduism, Islam, Jainism and Christianity

Only Hindu to follow this: Birbal


Not that popular

Built: Won expedition in Gujarat


Fatehpur Sikri: in honour of Salim Chisti And shifted his court from Agra to here
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Agra Fort
Also built Buland Darwaza for Salim
Lahore Fort
Chisti
Allahabad Fort
Humayun’s Tomb at Delhi (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
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Buland Darwaza

Birbal (administrator)
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Navaratna i.e nine jewels of Akbar

Abul Fazal (scholar and statesman)


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Faizi: Brother of Abul Fazal (scholar and statesman)
Tordarmal (Finance Minister, Dahsala Bandobast/Jabti)
Bhagwandas (Mansabdar, son of Bharmal)
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Man Singh (Mansabdar, Grandson of Bharmal)


Tansen (Musician)
Abdur# Rahim Khanekhana (statesman, Hindi poet)
Mulla Do Pyaja

Religious discourse
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Faizi: helped Akbar start Ibadatkhana


Tansen: originally served under Raja Ramchandra Singh

Composed: Dhrupad Tomar, ruling in Gwalior


Gharana: Rewa/Gwalior “Miya title” given by Akbar to him
Gaz (unit of measuring
Original name: Ramtanu Pande length Later divides into
Abul Fazl: wrote Akbarnama (biography of Akbar) Tassuj (equal parts)
3 parts
3rd: Ain-e-Akbari
1st: about ancestors of Akbar
(administration of Akbar)
2nd: about reign of Akbar
Land Revenue during Akbar’s Reign
Land types recognition:
1. Polaj: land actually cultivated for each crop in succession
2. Parauti: Land left fallow far a time to recover its strength
3. Chachar: land that had lain follow for three or four years
4. Banjar: land uncultivated for 5 yrs/more

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Best type

Revenue fixed: in 10 yrs estimates known as Dahsala

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Tax taken: Zabti 1/3rd of it
He abolished Zizya

Death: in 1605 Tomb at Agra (Sikandara)

Administration If rank is doe


morethen
more thanthey
made JagirJagir
are made (revenue
(revenue
Started Mansabdari R
Mansab (rank) rights for land) Jagirdari system
Decided on basis Zat Si pahi
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Sawar Horseman
Highest rank reached: 7000
Payment on basis of:
Mirza Aziz Koka Raja Man Singh
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Cash Naqdi
Jagri

One Liners (MCQs)


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Charbagh style of architecture introduced by: Mughals

Military commanders in Akbar’s empire: Faujdars


Kotwals: Police
Diwans: Revenue
Bakhshis: assist military commanders

Babur ascended the throne at the age of: 12

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