Ch1 Number System

Set of counting numbers is called the Natural Numbers

N = {1,2,3,4,5,...}

Set of Natural numbers plus Zero is called the Whole Numbers

W= {0,1,2,3,4,5,....}
Note:
So all natural Number are whole number but all whole numbers are not natural numbers

Examples:

2 is Natural Number
-2 is not a Natural number
0 is a whole number

Integers

Integers is the set of all the whole number plus the negative of Natural Numbers
Z={..,-7,-6,-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,..}
Note
1) So integers contains all the whole number plus negative of all the natural numbers
2)the natural numbers without zero are commonly referred to as positive integers
3)The negative of a positive integer is defined as a number that produces 0 when it is added to the
corresponding positive integer
4)natural numbers with zero are referred to as non-negative integers
5) The natural numbers form a subset (smaller set )of the integers.

Rational Number

A number is called rational if it can be expressed in the form p/q where p and q are integers ( q> 0).
Example : 1/2, 4/3 ,5/7 ,1 etc.

Important Points to Note

every integers, natural and whole number is a rational number as they can be expressed in terms of
p/q

There are infinite rational number between two rational numbers

They either have terminating decimal expression or repeating non terminating decimal
expression.SO if a number whose decimal expansion is terminating or non-terminating recurring
then it is rational

The sum, difference and the product of two rational numbers is always a rational number. The
quotient of a division of one rational number by a non-zero rational number is a rational number.
Rational numbers satisfy the closure property under addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division.

Irrational Number
A number is called irrational if it cannot be expressed in the form p/q where p and q are integers ( q>
0).
Example : √3,√2,√5,p etc
Important Points to Note

Pythagoras Theorem: In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of
the squares of the other two sides. Using this theorem we can represent the irrational numbers on
the number line.

They have non terminating and non repeating decimal expression. If a number is non terminating
and non repeating decimal expression,then it is irrational number

The sum, difference, multiplication and division of irrational numbers are not always irrational.
Irrational numbers do not satisfy the closure property under addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division

Real Numbers:All rational and all irrational number makes the collection of real number. It is
denoted by the letter R

We can represent real numbers on the number line. The square root of any positive real number
exists and that also can be represented on number line

The sum or difference of a rational number and an irrational number is an irrational number.

The product or division of a rational number with an irrational number is an irrational number.

This process of visualization of representing a decimal expansion on the number line is known as the
process of successive magnification

A number line is a line which represent all the number. A number line is a picture of a straight line on
which every point is assumed to correspond to a real number and every real number to a point
We mostly show the integers as specially-marked points evenly spaced on the line but the line
includes all real numbers, continuing forever in each direction, and also numbers not marked that
are between the integers. It is often used as an aid in teaching simple addition and subtraction,
especially involving negative numbers. The number on the right side are greater than number on the
left side
Each of the number explained above can be represented on the Number Line.
1) Natural Number,whole Number and integers can be easily located on the number line as we
picture as per them
2) Now Real number can be either decimal expression or number explained in point 1. It is easy to
located the latter one. For decimal expression, we need to use the process of successive
Magnification
What is process of successive Magnification?

Suppose we need to locate the decimal 3.36 on the Number line. Now we know for sure the number
is between 3 and 4 on the number line. Now lets divide the portion between 3 and 4 into 10 equal
part.Then it will represent 3.1,3.2...3.9 . Now we know that 3.36 lies between 3.3 and 3.4.Now lets
divide the portion between 3.3 and 3.4 into 10 equal parts. Then these will represent
3.31,3.32,3.33,3.34,3.35,3.36...3.39. So we have located the desired number on the Number line.
This process is called the Process of successive Magnification