VIJAY SHANKAR A
M.TECH ( COMPUTATIONAL AND NETWORKS ENGINEERING)
AMRITA VISHWAVIDYAPEETAM UNIVERSITY COIMBATORE
AMATEUR RADIO
ASTRONOMY
WORKSHOP
OLDEST OBSERVATORY(PORTUGAL 6000 YEARS AGO)
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Source: Royal Astronomical Society
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One of the Oldest Surviving
Stellar Observatories
in the world
Cheomseongdae
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STONE HENGE SUMMER SOLSTICE
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COMPLEX SUN DIALS( JANTAR MANTAR)
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CHRONOLOGY OF TELESCOPES
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Source: John Reynolds
Early depiction of a "Dutch telescope"
from 1624.
Source: John Reynolds
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Source: Chris Impey (University of Arizona)
OLDEST TELESCOPE
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GALELIO Source:markthompson
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BRUNO NEVER DIES
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source: earthchronicles.com
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BIGGEST REFLECTOR TELESCOPES
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CHOOSING THE RIGHT SCOPE
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Source: Chris Impey (University of Arizona)
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Source: Chris Impey
LI
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Source: Chris Impey (University of Arizona)
OUTER-SPACE
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HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
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JAMES_WEBB
Kepler ASTROSAT
KEPLER
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JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE
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ASTROSAT
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ASTROSAT-INDIAN MULTIWAVELENGTH
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WESTERLUND-2
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GIANT METRE WAVE TELESCOPE
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FIVE HUNDRED METERS APERTURE
SPHERICAL TELESCOPE
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SQUARE KILOMETRE ARRAY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=168&v=MGPM58S5Njg&feature=emb_logo
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PARABOLIC REFLECTOR ANTENNA
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OPERATING PRINCIPLE
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The operating principle of a parabolic antenna
is that a point source of radio waves at the
focal point in front of a paraboloidal reflector
of conductive material will be reflected into a
collimated plane wave beam along the axis of
the reflector. Conversely, an incoming plane
wave parallel to the axis will be focused to a
point at the focal point.
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The directive qualities of an antenna are
measured by a dimensionless parameter called
its gain, which is the ratio of the power
received by the antenna from a source along
its beam axis to the power received by a
hypothetical isotropic antenna.
BEAM WIDTH/RESOLUTION
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λ
θ = 70 *
D
ANTENNA GAIN
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=wGE4tjATecY
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EIRP= Two bulbs
GAIN= 3DB
Go for the
parabolic one
and you will
have a much
higher gain!
But How about
Reception?
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The Power Density of the plane wave incident on the
receive antenna which is at a distance from the transmitting
antenna, can be calculated by:
PT PT PT
p= ->p = Gt -> p = G A
t e
4πR 2 4πR 2 4πR 2
everythinggrf.com
2
Gr λ
• SUBSTITUE : Ae =
4π
• What is given in your material? Check?
EFFECTIVE APPERTURE
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RADIO TELESCOPE SETUP
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FULL WAVE
RECTIFIER
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LOW NOISE BLOCK CONVERTER
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Ku band LNBs typically have two alternative local
oscillator frequencies, for example 9.75 GHz and 10.6
GHz with the higher frequency option selected using a
22 kHz tone injected into the cable. Such an LNB may
be used to receive 10.7 - 11.7 GHz using the lower 9.75
GHz LO frequency or the higher band 11.7 - 12.75 GHz
SATELLITE SIGNAL FINDING
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FULL WAVE RECTIFIER POWER SUPPLY
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SOURCE: EDUPOINT
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SOURCE: EDUPOINT
REAL WORLD RECTIFIER
GEO-SYNCHRONOUS-SATELLITE
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CLARKE BELT
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SOLAR DRIFT SCAN
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STEPS FOR DRIFT SCAN
• Rotate the Antenna in both the Alzimuth and
Altitude coordinates.
• Notice the peak signal of the Sun at a particular
point.
• Move the Antenna in the west direction, slightly
away from the peak signal
• DO NOT CHANGE THE ELEVATION
• In a few minutes you can observe the bell shaped
curve corresponding to the Radio spectrum of the
solar movement
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Source: Every Day Telescope IISER
TRIVANDRUM
MY WORK ( SOLAR DRIFT SCAN VMD)
APPLIED VARIATIONAL MODE DECOMPOSITION
SIDEREAL MOVEMENT
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SIDEREAL MOVEMENT
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SIDEREAL MOVEMENT OF THE COLLECTION
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Build a Home Brew Radio Telescope by Mark Spencer
CALCULATION
METHODOLOGY(BRIGHTNESS
TEMPERATURE)
• FIRST WE MEASURE THE RADIANT INTENSITY OF THE
COLD SKY, SATELLITE SIGNAL, SUN( INSTANTANEOUS)
• WE SUBTRACT COLD SKY FROM SATELLITE AND SUN
• CALCULATE POWER RECEIVED FROM SATELLITE AND
POWER PER UNIT VOLTAGE
• USE BLACK BODY PHYSICS TO CALCULATE THE
TEMPERATURE USING FLUX AND INTENSITY
FLUX CALCULATION
INSAT 4A 400 MHZ BAND WIDTH AND
OUR RECEPTION BAND WIDTH IS 1.1
GHZ
INTENSITY PER STERADIAN
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BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE
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Brightness temperature or
radiance temperature is the
temperature of a black body in
thermal equilibrium with its
surroundings.This concept is used
extensively in radio astronomy
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TA B L E 1
Title: The brightness temperature spectrum of the quiet sun
microwave
Authors: Zirin, H., Baumert, B. M., & Hurford, G. J.
• MICROWAVE BRIGHTNESS
TEMPERATURE=CHROMOSPHERE AND
THE CORONA
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• CORE TEMPERATURE OF THE SUN: 15.6
MILLION Kelvin
• At Visible frequencies The brightness
temperature of the SUN is 5780K
• At microwave frequencies the intensity of
Radiation is quite High , So we are getting a
Higher Value
RADIO ASTRONOMY AND SUPER SYNTHESIS(SOMAK BHATTACHARYA ET AL.)
CMBR FIRST DETECTION
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COSMIC MICRWAVE BACKGROUND
• Brightness temperature of 2.725K
• About 1% of the TV Static
• Was part of our Amateur parabolic
reflector radio telescope
• Mostly Uniform throughout the
Universe
• Anisotropies in some region.
DIFFERENT SATELLITES
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COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND
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DETECTING CMB USING SATELLITE DISH
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source: Joachim Köppen
TEMPERATURE VOLTAGE CALIBRATION
FIND TEMPERATURE VARIATION
WITH VOLTAGE AND CALIBRATE THE
TELESCOPE.
CALIBRATE FOR HIGHER TEMPERATURE
AND CALIBRATE FOR LOWER
TEMPERATURES
source: Joachim Köppen
21-CM LINE
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21-CM LINE
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HORN ANTENNA DETECTION
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1420-1470 Mhz 1380-1420 Mhz
HTTPS://WWW.CFA.HARVARD.EDU/~NPATEL/HORNANTENNAAASPOSTERPDF2.PDF
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RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE(THE CHALLENGE)
.com">www.astronomynotes.com</a>
for the updated and corrected version.</h4></center>
REFERENCES
• EVERY DAY TELESCOPE( IISER
TRIVANDRUM)
