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Notes prepared by Rajesh,GHS Vellinezhi and Sujitha,GHS Cherpulassery,9048251133

1. What is capitalism?
The economic system in which production and distribution are controlled by
the capitalists with the aim to increase profit is known as capitalism.

2.What is colonization?
The Europeans established trade relationship with Asian, African and Latin
American nations. Using political power and military forces the European countries
economically exploited these nations. Later they became the colonies of European
countries. This process is called Colonization.

3.How did Industrial Revolution cause colonization? Prepare a flow chart .

Industrial Revolution

Enhanced capital investment

Over production

Search for markets

Colonization

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Notes prepared by Rajesh,GHS Vellinezhi and Sujitha,GHS Cherpulassery,9048251133

4.What are the factors that induced capitalists to invest capital in colonies?
a. Cheap labour
b. Availability of raw materials
c. Low cost involved in manufacturing and selling goods in colonies

5.What is imperialism?
The distinctive phase of flow of finance capital to colonies is known as
Imperialism. Imposing a nations’s political,economic,and cultural dominance on
another nation is the fundamental feature of imperialism.

6.How did imperialism affect the colonies?

a. Traditional economic system of the colonies was destroyed.
b. Administrative and judicial system were replaced.
c. People in colonies were forced to cultivate cash crops in lieu of traditional food
crops.
d. Poverty and unemployment increased.
e. Natural resources were widely exploited.
f. Indegenous arts,literature,language,culture and education system were
destroyed.

7. Triple Alliance Triple Entente

Russia
Germany Italy England
France
Austria-
Hungary

8.list the causes of First World War 1914-1919

a. Colonization
b. Military Alliances- Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
c. Agressive Nationalism- Pan -slav,Pan -German and Revenge movements
d. Imperialist Crisis-Moroccan Crisis and Balkkan Crisis
e. Assassination of Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of Austria
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Notes prepared by Rajesh,GHS Vellinezhi and Sujitha,GHS Cherpulassery,9048251133

EUROPE in 2020
9.Look at the map and list countries....

9.What are the impacts of First World War?

•Over 10 million people lost their lives or were injured in the war.
• Agriculture, industry and communication system were destroyed.
• Poverty, unemployment and inflation increased.

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Notes prepared by Rajesh,GHS Vellinezhi and Sujitha,GHS Cherpulassery,9048251133

• Economic dominance of Europe diminished.

• Liberation movements in Asia and Africa strengthened.
• In a bid to bring about peace in the world, the League
of Nations was formed.

10.The Treaty of Versailles was an example of the vengeance

against the defeated nations - Discuss.

.The winning allies, Britain andFrance signed different treaties

with the defeated nations.
.Among these treaties, the Versailles Treaty signed with Germany in 1919
was the most important one.
.According to this treaty, German colonies were divided among the
victorious powers and Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war
indemnity.
.The allies occupied the rich mines of Germany.
. Above all war guilt was imposed on Germany and was disarmed.

11. Explain the impacts of economic depression of 1929, which originated in USA
and spread to the world?
Ans.
a. People who became pauper because of the war, couldn't afford the
commodities.
b.Goods were kept unsold in factories
c.European nations failed to repay their debts to the USA
d.Banks collapsed
e. Inflation became uncontrollable
f. Acute unemployment and poverty

12.Explain the characteristics of Fascism?

a .Antagonism to democracy.
b. Opposition to socialism
c. Glorifying the nation.
d. Adoring the purity of race
e. Justifying war
f. Diffusion of aggressive nationalism
g. Deifying the past
h. Indoctrination of ideologies through arts, literature and education
i.Military dictatorship
j.Destruction of political rivals
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Notes prepared by Rajesh,GHS Vellinezhi and Sujitha,GHS Cherpulassery,9048251133

13. What are the circumstances under which Fascist party came to power in
Italy?
a. Italy got nothing, though she was with the victors in the First World
War.
b. Post-war destruction of industries, unemployment, increase in tax,
inflation etc.kept people away from the government.
c. Industrialists, in fear of Italy moving to socialism, were prompted to
support fascism.

14.How did Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany defy world peace?

Fascism
1.Fascist leader Mussolini took despotic measures in Italy.

2.Socialists and leaders of peasants and workers were proclaimed

as enemies of the nation.

3..Using his military force the 'BlackShirts', Mussolini suppressed

the opponents .

4.He had aggressive foreign policy and conquered nations

like Ethiopia,Albania etc.

5.Italy's run for dictatorship paved the way for the outbreak of another war.

Nazism
1.Nazis under the leadership of Hitler executed Socialists, Communists, Jews
and Democrats.

2.Jews were massacred enmasse in concentration camps.

This is known as the Holocaust.

3.Used his military force 'Brown Shirts' and a secret police 'Gestapo'
to massacre the Jews.

4.He glorified the Aryans ancestry of the Germans and argued that
Aryans should rule the world.

5.Hitler incited a spirit of revenge among the Germans against the terms of
the Treaty of Versailles.
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Notes prepared by Rajesh,GHS Vellinezhi and Sujitha,GHS Cherpulassery,9048251133

6.Hitler adopted an aggressive foreign policy and attacked

Austria and Czechoslovakia.

7.Germany formed alliance with Italy and Japan.

8.Ultimately this led to the outbreak of second world war.

Thus Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany defied world peace

15.What are the similarities between Fascism and Nazism?

similiarity Fascism Nazism
Adoring the purity of Wanted to restore ancient projected the purity of
race Roman Empire the
Aryan race
Socialists and leaders of Socialists, Communists,
peasants and workers were Jews and Democrats
Executed enemies proclaimed as enemies of were executed.Jews were
the nation. massacred enmasse.
Those who opposed the
Fascist Party were executed.
Military dictatorship Mussolini suppressed the Hitler used military force
opponents using his military 'Brown Shirts' and a
force the 'Black Shirts' secret police 'Gestapo' to
massacre the Jews.
aggressive foreign Attacked Ethiopia, attacked Austria and
policy Albania etc Czechoslovakia

16.What are the reasons behind the outbreak of Second World War?
1)The Treaty of Versailles
2)The emergence of Fascism and Nazism
3)Formation of alliances-

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Notes prepared by Rajesh,GHS Vellinezhi and Sujitha,GHS Cherpulassery,9048251133

4)The failure of League of Nations

5)The Policy of Appeasement by Britain and France
6)Immediate cause-On 1st September 1939, Germany attacked Poland.
17.What are the effects of second world war?

1)Over 10 million people died

2)Economic system of European countries was destroyed.
3)European dominance in world diminished.
4)Freedom movements in Asia and Africa intensified.
5)America and Soviet Union emerged as global powers.
6)Formation of the United Nations Organization (UNO)
to maintain world peace.
18.Write a short note on United Nations Organization.

-Established on 24 October 1945.

-The headquarters of the UN is in New York.
-Objectives
1)To save the succeeding generations from the scourge of war.
2)To protect international treaties and laws.
3)To foster social and economic development of countries.

19.What is decolonization?
Post- Second World War, colonies started to secure freedom from the
imperialist control. This process is called Decolonization.
20.The leaders who fought for freedom for their countries........

21.It was the conflicting ideologies that led to 'Cold war'? Evaluate
The USA and the USSR that formed anti-fascist alliance during the
Second World War parted from each other after the war.
The USA floated a new alliance of capitalist countries while the USSR led
socialist nations. These two blocs- capitalist bloc and socialist bloc that
represented contradictory ideas-continued their political and diplomatic
wars. This enmity based on ideological conflict and diplomatic
confrontations was called the cold war.
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Notes prepared by Rajesh,GHS Vellinezhi and Sujitha,GHS Cherpulassery,9048251133

22.What is non Aligned Movement?

Following the Second World War, many Asian, African and Latin American
countries became independent.
They realized that the Cold War was yet another face of imperialism and
that it would threaten world peace.
The liberated nations decided not to join any of the blocs and formed
the Non-Aligned Movement.
They understood that the race of super powers for weapons and a stronger
military force would pose harm to them.
"Non alignment doesn't mean to keep aloof from world affairs. Rather, it is to
face many issues we confront," Jawaharlal Nehru

23.Examine how imperialist interests caused the unrest in West Asia.

Until the First World War, the territory including Palestine

was part of the Turkish Empire.
As Turkey was defeated in the war, Britain took over the region.
Since the Jews helped Britain in the war,the then British foreign secretary
Arthur Balfour declared the establishment of a Jewish nation in
West Asia as a reward.
It is known as Balfour Declaration.
Zionism is an international movement with an objective of
the establishment of a homeland for the Jews.
The assault and cruelty of Hitler towards the Jews intensified the demand for a
separate Jewish state.
In 1948, the nation Israel was formed.
Consequently, many wars broke out between Israel and the Arab nations.
Israel seized Palestine, expelling the Palestinians from their homeland.
The Palestinian refugees migrated to various Arab countries.
In this context, with an objective of establishing a nation for the Palestinians,
a movement called Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded
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Notes prepared by Rajesh,GHS Vellinezhi and Sujitha,GHS Cherpulassery,9048251133

with Yasser Arafat as the President.

After a series of bloodsheds and massacres, Israel agreed in principle to
recognize Palestine as a free nation.
This agreement mediated by the US is called the Oslo Pact (1993).
But, the provisions in the pact are yet be implemented.

Part of
the Oslo Pact
Turky
1993
Britain
took over Yasser Arafat

Balfour In 1948, Israel seized PLO

Declaration Zionism Israel was Palestine was founded
formed

24.What are the causes for the disintegration of Soviet Union in 1991?
1)The administrative measures of Mikhail Gorbachev (Glasnost and
Perestroika)
2)Deviation from the basic principles of socialism.
3)Corruption and inefficiency of the bureaucracy.
4)Failure in bringing about changes in economic sector.

25.What is the after effect of disintegration of Soviet Union?

1.ended cold war
2.a wide impact on inter national relations
3.A unipolar world emerged under the leadership of the USA
in the place of a bipolar one.

26.What is Neo Imperialism?

In the post-war period, a new kind of imperialism emerged.
Multinational companies, which are registered in a country and
functioning in many countries, began to interfere in the economic,
social and cultural sectors of the latter for serving the interests of
the capitalist countries. It is known as neo imperialism.

27.What are the impacts of Neo Imperialism in third world countries?

1.Multinational companies promoted consumerism in

third world countries to sell their products.

2.Developing nations became the markets for the multinational companies.

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Notes prepared by Rajesh,GHS Vellinezhi and Sujitha,GHS Cherpulassery,9048251133

3.The products of developed nation started reaching even the villages of

developing nations.

4. The economy of many countries started to collapse.

28.What are the concepts of new imperialism?

Globalisation, liberalisation and privatisation

29.What are the features of globalisation?

1)Economic system of the country linked to global economy.
2)Competition driven market came into existence.
3)Trans-border flow of products, services, raw materials, capital, latest
technology and human resources facilitated.
4) opend up many opportunities and possibilities
around the world.
5)shaped the concept of Global Village.

30.Which are the international organizations that helped the growth

of globalisation?
World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization

31.What are the challenges posed by globalization to the developing countries?

a. Price of agricultural products plunged.

b. Natural resources were looted
c. Government withdrew from social service sectors
d. Public sector undertakings were destroyed.
e. Led to the destruction of indigenous culture.
f. Challenged the concept of nation state.

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