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MARK AXWORTHY
CAND ASO NO TUENR ONO UNO Romanian Armed Forces in the European War,
1941-1945
Mark AxwortTay
CORNEL SCAFES
CRISTIAN CRACIUNOIU
ARMS AND To my late father, Major ‘Bill’ Axworthy,
who, in what I hope was not the ultimate act of literary criticism,
died the day before he was due to read this text. His friendship,
tolerance, humour and curry are sorely missed,
Arm and Armour Press
‘A Cassell Imprint
Wellington House, 125 Stand, London WC2R OBB.
Distributed in the USA by Sterling Publishing Co, nc.
387 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016-8810.
Distributed in Australia by Capricorn Link (Australia) Py. Le,
2/13 Carrington Road, Castle Hill, NSW 2154,
© Mark Axworty, 1995
All sights ceserved. No part ofthis book may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying
recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission
in writing fom the Publisher.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data:
acitalogue record for tis book is available from the
British Library
ISBN 1-85409-267-7,
Designed and edited by DAG Publications Led
Designed by David Gibbons; edited by Philip Jarret;
printed and bound in Great Britain
by Hartnolls Limited, Bodmin, Coravall
CONTENTS
‘Abbreviations, 8
Preface, 9
‘Acknowledgements, 10
1. The Build-Up to War, 11
Romania’s War Aims, 11
Oil, 17
Economic Relations with the Axis, 21
Internal Political Developments and the
Rise of lon Antonescu, 22
Rearmament, 27
‘Mechanisation, 31
Communications, 40
Amy Organisation, 40
2 The First Campaign,
June 1941 to June 1942, 43,
Preparations for War, 43
‘The Liberation of Basarabia and
Northesn Bucovina, 46
‘Odessa: The Siege is Joined, 3-25
August, 49
(Odessa: The Second Assault, 28
‘August to 5 September, 51
(Odessa: The Thitd Assault, 9-21
September, 53
Soviet Riposte and Withdrawal, 22
September to 16 October, 54
Odessa: Lessons and Consequences,
56
‘The Character of the Romanian Army,
59
Sed Army in the Ukraine, July to
2, October 1941, 63 :
The Crimean Campaign, October 1941
to July 1942, 67
‘Tagintog, rium and Khuekov, January
to May 1942, 70
Conclusion, 71
3 The Second Campaign,
July 1942 to January 1943, 73
Preparations for the 1942 Summer
Offensive, 73
‘The Advance into the Caucasus,
August to October 1942, 81
‘The Advance on Stalingrad, 83
st Armoured Division and XLVIDL
Panzer Corps, 87
‘The Soviet Counteroffensive on 3rd
‘Army, November 1942, 89
19 November, 89
20 November, 92
21 November, 95
22 November, 96
23 November, 98
24 November, 99
25-26 November, 100
‘The Soviet Counteroffensive on Fourth
‘Anmy, November 1942, 101
20 November, 101,
21 November, 103
22 November, 103,
23 November, 104
24 November, 104
25-30 November, 104
‘The Destruction of 3rd Army, Decem-
ber 1942, 105
‘The Destruction of 4th Army, Decem-
ber 1942, 109
Inside Stalingrad, 111
Aftermath, 112
Relative Axis Combat Performances,
15
4 The Black Sea Campaign,
January 1943 to May 1944, 119
Diplomatic Developments and Peace
Feclers, 1943, 119
