LF198 LF298 LF398 LF198A LF398A Monolithic Sample-and-Hold Circuits

April 1995

LF198 LF298 LF398 LF198A LF398A Monolithic Sample-and-Hold Circuits

General Description
The LF198 LF298 LF398 are monolithic sample-and-hold circuits which utilize BI-FET technology to obtain ultra-high dc accuracy with fast acquisition of signal and low droop rate Operating as a unity gain follower dc gain accuracy is 0 002% typical and acquisition time is as low as 6 ms to 0 01% A bipolar input stage is used to achieve low offset voltage and wide bandwidth Input offset adjust is accomplished with a single pin and does not degrade input offset drift The wide bandwidth allows the LF198 to be included inside the feedback loop of 1 MHz op amps without having stability problems Input impedance of 1010X allows high source impedances to be used without degrading accuracy P-channel junction FETs are combined with bipolar devices in the output amplifier to give droop rates as low as 5 mV min with a 1 mF hold capacitor The JFETs have much lower noise than MOS devices used in previous designs and do not exhibit high temperature instabilities The overall design guarantees no feed-through from input to output in the hold mode even for input signals equal to the supply voltages

Features
Operates from g 5V to g 18V supplies Less than 10 ms acquisition time Y TTL PMOS CMOS compatible logic input Y 0 5 mV typical hold step at C h e 0 01 mF Y Low input offset Y 0 002% gain accuracy Y Low output noise in hold mode Y Input characteristics do not change during hold mode Y High supply rejection ratio in sample or hold Y Wide bandwidth Y Space qualified Logic inputs on the LF198 are fully differential with low input current allowing direct connection to TTL PMOS and CMOS Differential threshold is 1 4V The LF198 will operate from g 5V to g 18V supplies An A version is available with tightened electrical specifications
Y Y

Typical Connection and Performance Curve

Acquisition Time

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Connection Diagrams
Dual-In-Line Package Small-Outline Package Metal Can Package

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Order Number LF398N or LF398AN See NS Package Number N08E

Order Number LF298M or LF398M See NS Package Number M14A

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Order Number LF198H LF198H 883 LF298H LF398H LF198AH or LF398AH See NS Package Number H08C

C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation

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RRD-B30M115 Printed in U S A

Absolute Maximum Ratings

If Military Aerospace specified devices are required please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office Distributors for availability and specifications Supply Voltage
g 18V

Power Dissipation (Package Limitation) (Note 1) 500 mW Operating Ambient Temperature Range b 55 C to a 125 C LF198 LF198A b 25 C to a 85 C LF298 LF398 LF398A 0 C to a 70 C b 65 C to a 150 C Storage Temperature Range Input Voltage Equal to Supply Voltage Logic To Logic Reference Differential Voltage a 7V b30V (Note 2) Output Short Circuit Duration Indefinite Hold Capacitor Short Circuit Duration 10 sec

Lead Temperature (Note 3) H package (Soldering 10 sec ) N package (Soldering 10 sec ) M package Vapor Phase (60 sec ) Infrared (15 sec )

260 C 260 C 215 C 220 C

Thermal Resistance (iJA) (typicals) H package 215 C W (Board mount in still air) 85 C W (Board mount in 400LF min air flow) N package 115 C W M package 106 C W iJC (H package typical) 20 C W

Electrical Characteristics
The following specifcations apply for bVS a 3 5V s VIN s a VS b 3 5V a VS e a 15V bVS e b15V TA e Tj e 25 C Ch e 0 01 mF RL e 10 kX LOGIC REFERENCE e 0V LOGIC HIGH e 2 5V LOGIC LOW e 0V unless otherwise specified Parameter Input Offset Voltage (Note 4) Input Bias Current (Note 4) Input Impedance Gain Error Feedthrough Attenuation Ratio at 1 kHz Output Impedance HOLD Step (Note 5) Supply Current (Note 4) Logic and Logic Reference Input Current Leakage Current into Hold Capacitor (Note 4) Acquisition Time to 0 1% Hold Capacitor Charging Current Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio Differential Logic Threshold Input Offset Voltage (Note 4) Input Bias Current (Note 4) Conditions Tj e 25 C Full Temperature Range Tj e 25 C Full Temperature Range Tj e 25 C Tj e 25 C RL e 10k Full Temperature Range Tj e 25 C Ch e 0 01 mF Tj e 25 C HOLD mode Full Temperature Range Tj e 25 C Ch e 0 01 mF VOUT e 0 Tjt25 C Tj e 25 C Tj e 25 C (Note 6) Hold Mode DVOUT e 10V Ch e 1000 pF Ch e 0 01 mF VINbVOUT e 2V VOUT e 0 Tj e 25 C Tj e 25 C Full Temperature Range Tj e 25 C Full Temperature Range 80 08 86 LF198 LF298 Min Typ 1 5 1010 0 002 96 05 05 45 2 30 4 20 5 110 14 1 5 24 1 2 25 75 80 08 2 4 20 55 10 100 0 005 0 02 80 Max 3 5 25 75 Min LF398 Typ 2 10 1010 0 004 90 05 10 45 2 30 4 20 5 110 14 2 10 24 2 3 25 50 4 6 25 65 10 200 0 01 0 02 Max 7 10 50 100 mV mV nA nA X % % dB X X mV mA mA pA ms ms mA dB V mV mV nA nA Units

Electrical Characteristics
The following specifcations apply for bVS a 3 5V s VIN s a VS b 3 5V a VS e a 15V bVS e b15V TA e Tj e 25 C Ch e 0 01 mF RL e 10 kX LOGIC REFERENCE e 0V LOGIC HIGH e 2 5V LOGIC LOW e 0V unless otherwise specified (Continued) Parameter Input Impedance Gain Error Feedthrough Attenuation Ratio at 1 kHz Output Impedance HOLD Step (Note 5) Supply Current (Note 4) Logic and Logic Reference Input Current Leakage Current into Hold Capacitor (Note 4) Acquisition Time to 0 1% Hold Capacitor Charging Current Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio Differential Logic Threshold Tj e 25 C Tj e 25 C RL e 10k Full Temperature Range Tj e 25 C Ch e 0 01 mF Tj e 25 C HOLD mode Full Temperature Range Tj e 25 C Ch e 0 01mF VOUT e 0 Tjt25 C Tj e 25 C Tj e 25 C (Note 6) Hold Mode DVOUT e 10V Ch e 1000 pF Ch e 0 01 mF VINbVOUT e 2V VOUT e 0 Tj e 25 C 90 08 86 96 05 05 45 2 30 4 20 5 110 14 24 90 08 1 4 1 55 10 100 6 25 Conditions Min LF198A Typ 1010 0 002 0 005 0 01 86 Max Min LF398A Typ 1010 0 004 90 05 10 45 2 30 4 20 5 110 14 24 1 6 1 65 10 100 6 25 0 005 0 01 Max X % % dB X X mV mA mA pA ms ms mA dB V Units

Note 1 The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX iJA and the ambient temperature TA The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is PD e (TJMAX b TA) iJA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings whichever is lower The maximum junction temperature TJMAX for the LF198 LF198A is 150 C for the LF298 115 C and for the LF398 LF398A 100 C Note 2 Although the differential voltage may not exceed the limits given the common-mode voltage on the logic pins may be equal to the supply voltages without causing damage to the circuit For proper logic operation however one of the logic pins must always be at least 2V below the positive supply and 3V above the negative supply Note 3 See AN-450 Surface Mounting Methods and their effects on Product Reliability for other methods of soldering surface mount devices Note 4 These parameters guaranteed over a supply voltage range of g 5 to g 18V and an input range of b VS a 3 5V s VIN s a VS b 3 5V Note 5 Hold step is sensitive to stray capacitive coupling between input logic signals and the hold capacitor 1 pF for instance will create an additional 0 5 mV step with a 5V logic swing and a 0 01mF hold capacitor Magnitude of the hold step is inversely proportional to hold capacitor value Note 6 Leakage current is measured at a junction temperature of 25 C The effects of junction temperature rise due to power dissipation or elevated ambient can be calculated by doubling the 25 C value for each 11 C increase in chip temperature Leakage is guaranteed over full input signal range Note 7 A military RETS electrical test specification is available on request The LF198 may also be procured to Standard Military Drawing MIL-STD-38510 part ID JM38510 12501SGA 5962-8760801GA or to

Typical Performance Characteristics

Aperture Time Dielectric Absorption Error in Hold Capacitor Dynamic Sampling Error

See Definition of Terms

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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Output Droop Rate Hold Step Hold Settling Time

See definition

Leakage Current into Hold Capacitor

Phase and Gain (Input to Output Small Signal)

Gain Error

Power Supply Rejection

Output Short Circuit Current

Output Noise

Input Bias Current

Feedthrough Rejection Ratio (Hold Mode)

Hold Step vs Input Voltage

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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Output Transient at Start of Sample Mode Output Transient at Start of Hold Mode

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Logic Input Configurations

TTL CMOS 3V s VLOGIC (Hi State) s 7V

Threshold e 1 4V

Threshold e 1 4V Select for 2 8V at pin 8

CMOS 7V s VLOGIC (Hi State) s 15V

Threshold e 0 6 (V a ) a 1 4V

Threshold e 0 6 (V a ) b 1 4V

Op Amp Drive

Threshold

a 4V

Threshold e b 4V

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Application Hints
Hold Capacitor Hold step acquisition time and droop rate are the major trade-offs in the selection of a hold capacitor value Size and cost may also become important for larger values Use of the curves included with this data sheet should be helpful in selecting a reasonable value of capacitance Keep in mind that for fast repetition rates or tracking fast signals the capacitor drive currents may cause a significant temperature rise in the LF198 A significant source of error in an accurate sample and hold circuit is dielectric absorption in the hold capacitor A mylar cap for instance may sag back up to 0 2% after a quick change in voltage A long sample time is required before the circuit can be put back into the hold mode with this type of capacitor Dielectrics with very low hysteresis are polystyrene polypropylene and Teflon Other types such as mica and polycarbonate are not nearly as good The advantage of polypropylene over polystyrene is that it extends the maximum ambient temperature from 85 C to 100 C Most ceramic capacitors are unusable with l 1% hysteresis Ceramic NPO or COG capacitors are now available for 125 C operation and also have low dielectric absorption For more exact data see the curve Dielectric Absorption Error The hysteresis numbers on the curve are final values taken after full relaxation The hysteresis error can be significantly reduced if the output of the LF198 is digitized quickly after the hold mode is initiated The hysteresis relaxation time constant in polypropylene for instance is 10 50 ms If A-to-D conversion can be made within 1 ms hysteresis error will be reduced by a factor of ten DC and AC Zeroing DC zeroing is accomplished by connecting the offset adjust pin to the wiper of a 1 kX potentiometer which has one end tied to V a and the other end tied through a resistor to ground The resistor should be selected to give 0 6 mA through the 1k potentiometer AC zeroing (hold step zeroing) can be obtained by adding an inverter with the adjustment pot tied input to output A 10 pF capacitor from the wiper to the hold capacitor will give g 4 mV hold step adjustment with a 0 01 mF hold capacitor and 5V logic supply For larger logic swings a smaller capacitor (k 10 pF) may be used Logic Rise Time For proper operation logic signals into the LF198 must have a minimum dV dt of 1 0 V ms Slower signals will cause excessive hold step If a R C network is used in front of the logic input for signal delay calculate the slope of the waveform at the threshold point to ensure that it is at least 1 0 V ms Sampling Dynamic Signals Sample error to moving input signals probably causes more confusion among sample-and-hold users than any other parameter The primary reason for this is that many users make the assumption that the sample and hold amplifier is truly locked on to the input signal while in the sample mode In actuality there are finite phase delays through the circuit creating an input-output differential for fast moving signals In addition although the output may have settled the hold capacitor has an additional lag due to the 300X series resistor on the chip This means that at the moment the hold command arrives the hold capacitor voltage may be somewhat different than the actual analog input The effect of these delays is opposite to the effect created by delays in the logic which switches the circuit from sample to hold For example consider an analog input of 20 Vp-p at 10 kHz Maximum dV dt is 0 6 V ms With no analog phase delay and 100 ns logic delay one could expect up to (0 1 ms) (0 6V ms) e 60 mV error if the hold signal arrived near maximum dV dt of the input A positive-going input would give a a 60 mV error Now assume a 1 MHz (3 dB) bandwidth for the overall analog loop This generates a phase delay of 160 ns If the hold capacitor sees this exact delay then error due to analog delay will be (0 16 ms) (0 6 V ms) e b 96 mV Total output error is a 60 mV (digital) b 96 mV (analog) for a total of b36 mV To add to the confusion analog delay is proportioned to hold capacitor value while digital delay remains constant A family of curves (dynamic sampling error) is included to help estimate errors A curve labeled Aperture Time has been included for sampling conditions where the input is steady during the sampling period but may experience a sudden change nearly coincident with the hold command This curve is based on a 1 mV error fed into the output A second curve Hold Settling Time indicates the time required for the output to settle to 1 mV after the hold command Digital Feedthrough Fast rise time logic signals can cause hold errors by feeding externally into the analog input at the same time the amplifier is put into the hold mode To minimize this problem board layout should keep logic lines as far as possible from the analog input and the Ch pin Grounded guarding traces may also be used around the input line especially if it is driven from a high impedance source Reducing high amplitude logic signals to 2 5V will also help Guarding Technique

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Use 10-pin layout Guard around Ch is tied to output

Functional Diagram

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Typical Applications (Continued)

X1000 Sample Hold Sample and Difference Circuit (Output Follows Input in Hold Mode)

VOUT e VB a DVIN(HOLD MODE) For lower gains the LM108 must be frequency compensated Use 100 pF from comp 2 to ground AV
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Typical Applications (Continued)

Ramp Generator with Variable Reset Level Integrator with Programmable Reset Level

Select for ramp rate R2 t 10k

DV 1 2V e DT (R2) (Ch)

VOUT (Hold Mode) e

1 (R1) (Ch)

 V dt (
0 IN

VR

Output Holds at Average of Sampled Input

Increased Slew Current

Select (Rh) (Ch) n

1 2qfIN (Min)

Reset Stabilized Amplifier (Gain of 1000)

Fast Acquisition Low Droop Sample

Hold

VOS s 20mV (No trim) ZIN DVOS Dt DVOS DT 1 MX 30mV sec 0 1mV C
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Typical Applications (Continued)

Synchronous Correlator for Recovering Signals Below Noise Level 2-Channel Switch

Gain ZIN BW Crosstalk 1 kHz Offset

A 1 g 0 02% 1010X j 1 MHz b 90 dB

s 6 mV

B 1 g 0 2% 47 kX j 400 kHz b 90 dB
s 75 mV

Select C1 to filter lowest frequency component of input noise Select C2 5 c 10b6 fIN

DC

AC Zeroing

Staircase Generator

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Select for step height j 1V Step 50k

Typical Applications (Continued)

Capacitor Hysteresis Compensation Differential Hold

Select for time constant C1 e Adjust for amplitude

u
100k

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Definition of Terms
Hold Step The voltage step at the output of the sample and hold when switching from sample mode to hold mode with a steady (dc) analog input voltage Logic swing is 5V Acquisition Time The time required to acquire a new analog input voltage with an output step of 10V Note that acquisition time is not just the time required for the output to settle but also includes the time required for all internal nodes to settle so that the output assumes the proper value when switched to the hold mode Gain Error The ratio of output voltage swing to input voltage swing in the sample mode expressed as a per cent difference Hold Settling Time The time required for the output to settle within 1 mV of final value after the hold logic command Dynamic Sampling Error The error introduced into the held output due to a changing analog input at the time the hold command is given Error is expressed in mV with a given hold capacitor value and input slew rate Note that this error term occurs even for long sample times Aperture Time The delay required between Hold command and an input analog transition so that the transition does not affect the held output

10

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)

Metal Can Package (H) Order Number LF198H LF298H LF398H LF198AH or LF398AH NS Package Number H08C

Molded Small-Outline Package (M) Order Number LF298M or LF398M NS Package Number M14A

11

LF198 LF298 LF398 LF198A LF398A Monolithic Sample-and-Hold Circuits

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)

Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number LF398N or LF398AN NS Package Number N08E

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