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Patterns and Isometries

GEMATH Patters and Isometries Notes

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17 views4 pages

Patterns and Isometries

GEMATH Patters and Isometries Notes

Uploaded by

trisha.marga1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Patterns and Isometries

WHY IS THIS MATHEMATICS


● Math is study of patterns
● Patterns: numerical (fibonacci sequence),
logical (abstract reasoning test items),
geometric. b. REFLECTION “FLIP
● Geometric patterns nice to look at bc ● Getting mirror image
“SYMMETRY”
● SYMMETRY: if there is an isometry of the plane
that preserves the pattern.

ISOMETRY GIVES THE PATTERN SYMMETRY =


PATTERN BEAUTIFUL & NICE TO LOOK AT

TRANSFORMATIONS, ISOMETRIES
● Transformation: process which shifts points of - Flipping the motif horizontally
the plane to possible new locations in the - Length of line segments should be
plane. same on both sides
Types:
1. Translation c. ROTATION “TURN”
2. Reflection ● Has a point about which the rotation is made
3. Rotation and an angle that says how far to rotate.
4. Dilation

● Isometry of the plane: mapping the preserves


distance (and therefore shape)
- Translation, reflection and rotation
change shape
- Dilation expands or contracts the
image = not isometry
Types:
1. Translation
2. Reflection
3. Rotation
- Motif is being roasted counter clockwise = red
4. Glide reflection
foot

TYPES EXPLANATION:
d. DILATION
a. TRANSLATION “SLIDE”
- Changes size of object
● Moves shape in a given direction by sliding it
- = not isometry
up, down, sideways or diagonally.
● No fixed points
● Every point movess by exactly the same
distance
● Image is congruent to the pre-image.

ISOMETRIES
- Transformation which leaves the dimensions of
the object and its image unchanged.

-
Patterns and Isometries
“DISTANCE IS PRESERVED”
- GREEK: “isos” (equal), “metron” (measure) 2. FRIEZE
- Isometric transformation/rigid (inflexible) - Infinitely long strip imprinted with a design
transformation. given by a repeating motif.
e. GLIDE REFLECTION - It has translation symmetry in one direction.
● Combination of two transformations: a That is, it has at least the basic unit and a copy
reflection and translation along the line of of it by translation. (can do something else with
reflection. motif before translating)

- They go on to infinity in both directions or wrap


around.

COMPOSITION OF ISOMETRIES

SYMMETRIC PATTERNS
- If there is an isometry of the plane that
preserves it.
Types:
1. ROSETTE
- Finite groups of isometries which can contain
just rotation and reflections.

Types:
- Cyclic Cn= has n-fold rotational symmetry and
no reflection symmetry

- Dihedral Dn= has n-fold rotational symmetry


and reflectional symmetry

Example of rosette
Patterns and Isometries

3. WALLPAPER
- Covers the plane and can be mapped onto itself
by translation in more than one direction
Qualifications:
- At least the basic unit
- Once copy by translation
- Copy of these two by translation in a second
direction. That is, there must be at least two
rows, each one at least two units long.

TESSELLATIONS (TILING)
- Repeating patterns of figures that completely
covers a plane, w/out gaps or overlaps.
- Create w/ translations, rotations, reflections
- Can be found in art (Maurits Cornelis Escher),
nature (cell in a honeycomb), and everyday life
(tiled floors).

Regular Tessellation
- Made up of congruent regular polygons
- Ex: honeycomb
- Only 3 exists: equilateral triangles, squares,
hexagons

Semi-Regular Tessellation
Patterns and Isometries
- Use a variety of regular polygons
- Only 8: use of squares and regular octagons

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