Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology

29th February 2024. Vol.102. No 4

© Little Lion Scientific

ISSN: 1992-8645 www.jatit.org E-ISSN: 1817-3195

ENHANCING MANET BATTERY LIFE USING MANET

PERFORMANCE FACTORS AND CLUSTER HEAD
DR. S. HEMALATHA1,RAJALKSHMY P2, HARIHARAN N3, BHARATHI GP4, RAMU
KUCHIPUDI5, VIJAYKUMAR KISAN JAVANJAL6, NANDA ASHWIN7 PROF. RAJESH P
CHINCHEWADI 8
1
Professor, Department of Computer Science and Business System, Panimalar Engineering College,
Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
Post Doctorial Research Fellow, Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur, India
2
Department of Robotics Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil
Nadu 641114, India.
3
Department of S&H (Electrical and Electronics Engineering), R.M.K.College of Engineering and
Technology, Puduvoyal, Tamil Nadu 601206, India.
4
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering,Thandalam,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India.
5
Department of Information Technology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad,
Telangana 500075, India.
6
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra
411018, India.
7
Department of CSE(IoT&CSBT), East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore,
Karnataka 560049, India.
8
CTO & amp; amp; Dean Innovation, Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur, India

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected],[email protected], [email protected] , .
[email protected], [email protected] ,[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Power management in a wireless network is a time-consuming process, especially in a Mobile Adhoc

Network, because each node runs on its own node power. When the internal battery dies, the entire
communication system fails. Several strategies are proposed to increase the performance of the MANET
battery management, and this might be used to evaluate the MANET's performance metrics. This article
presented new strategies that use internal node parameter adjustments such as muting ideal nodes, beacon
signal utilization, and changes in MANET. This is achieved by forming a cluster head based on the mobile
region which does the role of forwarding packets by a single node, amid the clustered to extend battery life,
which is accomplished by a collaborative route management mechanism among the nodes. The proposed
research was simulated using the Network simulator3 , and the produced result parameters were compared
with the existing related research work in AODV protocol , with the result concluding that the unique
method works best and saves 10 to 30 percent of power rather than existing AODV protocol .
Keywords: Sleep And Awake, Battery Life Time, Route Management, Forwarded Packet, Cluster Head.

deploying the MANET in an emergent scenario

1. INTRODUCTION such as disaster management, if the battery fails,
the entire communication may be in vain. To
In Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET), which is increase battery life, efficient power management
self-organized, has little infrastructure, and is used techniques are required. Several routing protocols
for many applications that require instant have been proposed to overcome MANET
connectivity, and has numerous characteristics [1], challenges, such as frequent topological changes
the use of an internal battery is an important aspect due to MANET characteristics, collision due to
in ensuring reliable communication. When hidden and exposed terminal problems, failure in

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ISSN: 1992-8645 www.jatit.org E-ISSN: 1817-3195

packet forwarding due to internal threats or and beacon signal consumption. This changed
buffering capacity, all of which affect MANET working concept will be simulated using Network
Quality of Service [2]. simulator, and the results will be compared to the
Traditional methods for improving most recent power optimization techniques.
MANET battery performance begins with reducing The article is organized as follows: Section
gearbox power while also reducing energy II summarizes the various existing power
utilization [3]. Power transmission includes packet optimization methods used in MANET thus far;
route selection. Routing selection is based on Section III proposes the working principles of
topological ordering from MANET nodes. To MANET, Discussion of the simulation setup to
address battery power management, various kinds implement the research work, Results and
of MANET protocols [5] are proposed, as well as Discussion in Section IV, and finally conclusion
several new categories of routing protocols [4] [5]. and Feature work in Section V.
Recently, numerous research papers have been
offered to improve the performance of the AODV 2. RESEARCH WORK
protocol, such as AOMDV [7], SQR-AODV [8],
AODV-BR [9], AODV-RD [10], AODV-BR [11], This Section goes into detail about the energy
ATOMDV [12], and AMORLM [13], which are optimization strategy that has been present in
supports for extending battery life. MANET MANET technology since the beginning with
settings are also considered an essential factor in regard to the classification parameter. The related
reducing battery power utilization, such as lowering research work carried out in the division of
MANET overhead to support better power Mobility Awareness-, based on Topology
management; various optimization techniques are Management, Based on the Algorithms, Cluster
based on this goal [6]. Head, and mobility aware Cluster, and
Cluster node selection with LEACH Transmission Range etc.
protocol improves life time span with energy Set of authors carried out research based
distribution [14], Fitness function incorporates in on movement awareness in MANET to optimize
FFAOMDV to reduce power consumed [15], battery power. M. AL-Gabri, L. I. Chunlin, et al.
Artificial Intelligence neural network based [21] discussed LEA-AODV methods, I. Woungang
MANET to optimize MANET energy usage which [22] uses RREQ modification in MANET REQ
supports network efficiency and overall messages, C. Gu and Zhu [23] use Route Energy
performance [16].GPS and long-range technology, Comprehensive Index methods for energy
upon receiving signal strength indicator-based optimization. L. Li, C. Li, and. Yuan [24] employ
(RSSI) from the receiver strength [17], Network Lifetime. S. A. Alghamdi [25] employs
demonstrated long-term MANET utilization. LBMMRE-AOMDV methods of algorithm
EMBOA [18] combines butter fly optimization .Another group of academics focuses on how
approaches with a machine learning methodology topological management can help with MANET
that utilizes less energy to strengthen multipath energy conservation. Rashmi Chaudhry and
rouging. The major challenges in the MANET are Shashikala Tapaswi [26] used an Optimized Power
security attacks, clustering algorithm support to Control technique, Xin Ming Zhang et al. [27]
overcome battery power issues [19]. Nodes in a devised a novel M_AODV protocol, Santhi Sri et
MANET PEO-AODV algorithm [20] provided al. [29] presented a technique termed POR
geographic position monitoring and estimated hop technique for energy optimization, T. et al. [30]
count parameter as aids in overcoming power developed the Secure Optimized Link State
difficulties. Routing Protocol for energy control,. Sridhar, S., et
MANET supports various power al. [31], given the TESAODV protocol, Rao, M.,
management strategies via routing protocol, as well and Singh, N [32] propose the KF-MAC method,
as the most recent techniques of machine learning, which achieves success in QOS parameters but fails
artificial intelligence, and clustering, to optimize to manage the delay.
node battery power and life time. Still, more study Few writers developed a set of methods to
is required to improve the MANET's battery power. help improve the residual energy in MANET.
This research article focuses on the optimization of MUSTHAFA et al. [33] suggested a based on the
power by supporting internal node parameters and SNDA technique, but the outcome generated a
making minor changes to the MANET's operating reliable communication but failed to provide
principles. Internal parameters used to avoid security. Vij et al. [34] employ a Game Theory-
unnecessary packet forwarding, mute ideal node, Based Model for energy optimization. Nobahary et

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al. [35] use the Credit-Based. Veeraiah et al. [36] methods created bad results. More research is
developed the IDSM approach Abirami et al. [37] required to carry out power optimization in
implement the NCV-AODV protocol for MANET MANET. This research study focuses on the
routing, Jim et al. [38] employ an artificial adjustment of internal node parameters and
intelligence technique, and Ponnusamy et al. [39] MANET working principles to accomplish power
proposed an Energy-Efficient Method. R, mesh et optimization in MANET.
al. [40] devised the MSD-SNDT protocol Hasani et
al. [41] proposed a fuzzy-based method. Nobahary 3. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
et al. [42] proposed a game theory-based Hadi et al.
[43] employed AODV .Several authors believe that The following factors of internal node parameters
a cluster head forming-based protocol can support and MANET operating principles change are
MANET node life span. Suresh Kumar, R. [44]', included in the system model established for this
Author employs the ORS methodology T. research work. Internal node parameters include
Venkatesh for MANET [45] invented aspects such as needless packet forwarding, optimal
HAMBOCHLD method, Author. [46] given node muting, and beacon signal utilization.
HAODV cluster head protocol, Raj Kumar, N.P., MANET operating principles have been modified
and Bala [47] apply the EECAO clustering model by including the Sleep and Awake protocols.
,author [48] use the ACO methodology, , Al- 3.1 Internal Node Parameters
Najjar, A.A.M. [49], use PDR and NLT techniques The system model is initially created for
to establish a Uniform Distribution Of Energy. the creation of internal node parameters. Figure 1
Finally, Devika, B., and Sudha, P.N [50] depicts the total architecture and with the intention
established the C-SEWO innovation design of discussed the process of building a cluster and
Hybrid clustering and mobility aware communicating with other nodes,
based technique research could help the MANET Construct the MANET graph MG = M, N,
nodes' battery power. The authors Braik, M., where M = {m1,m2......mm,......mn} represents the
Hammouri, A., et al [51] apply the AGS-ROA total number of MANET nodes, 1< m<= n denotes
mobility aware cluster, Venkatasubramanian, S., the entire number of nodes, and N = ={ l1,l2,.....lv}
[52] implement EPO-FGA method ,Hamza, F. and denotes the edges connecting the nodes. Assume S
Vigila, S.M.C [53] uses cluster HPSO-GA is the source, T is the targeted node, and H is the
technique ,Hamza, F. and Vigila, S.M.C [54] uses cluster head generated by forming a group of nodes
EEMST method, Sivapriya, N., and Mohandas [55] in the region. The cluster head picked is based on
found that the MKMPE approach. Saravanan, R., the residual energy node, life duration, and
Suresh, K., and Arumugam [56] presented an connection connecting to the other nodes.
effective clustering strategy, Bisen, D., Mishra, S.,
and Saurabh, P [57] proposed E-MAVMMF
method Arulprakash, P., Kumar, A.S., and Prakash
[58] proposed EBDC method . Finally,
research is focusing on gearbox range in physical
later supports in order to reduce internal battery
power use. The author Hajek [59] employs
Dynamic and Adjustable methods, Ansari [60] use
ATP-AODV, Balanced The Network's Energy
Consumption, as reported by Z. S. J. and Y. Guo
[61. Nagpal [62] employed MTPR and MHR. The
use of Hello Messages by Neighbor Nodes
advocated by Park [63] ,Energy Efficiency Through
Transmission Power Optimization, as advocated by
Porto and Stojanovic [64] ,W. Wang, X. Liu, Y.
Yao, Y. Pan, Z. Chi, and T. Zhu's [65] Optimal
Transmission Radius.
According to the study of related work, all
of the research work carried out by cornering a
specific domain in the MANET such as routing,
Figure 1 MANET System Model
mobility, clustering, and hybrids approaches
transmission range also achieved success but other

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3.1.1. Selection of Cluster Head 1. Collect the total number of nodes in each
Based on battery power, mobility, link life MANET region
time, and node mobility, one of the nodes in each
region will become the cluster head. A cluster node M MANET SET
will have the highest value of node life duration, R1, R2, R3 ...Rn - Regions where each region RI
connectivity, and battery power and the lowest having set of N number of nodes, among one node
value of node mobility and distance. will be a cluster Head.
Life Time of the Link : For connecting two nodes 2. for each Region Ri, Do follows
and sending packets, the life time of each link is
required. The link is utilized for packet {
transmission [91]. Because of changes in dynamic • Gather all of the nodes' life time, mobility,
topologies, the link in MANET may disconnect, distance, power, and connectivity.
hence the life duration of the link should be • A cluster node will have the highest value of node
determined in advance before picking the route. life time, connectivity, and battery power and the
This could be calculated using an energy model. lowest value of node mobility and distance.
}
Cluster Head selection is based on
(Eq1) collecting the MANET nodes, with device mobility,
Where Eg Energy Dissipation of gth node life time, distance, power, connectivity, and
Node Mobility: Mobility of the node is an forming the cluster head is based on the Algorithm
important factor in MANET, 3.1, then the output of the set of nodes along with
the cluster head will get as a processing output of
the clustering head, as shown in Figure 2 below.
(EQ 2)
|ph| - Set of neighbor nodes, BG relative mobility
Node Distance: Distance between the nodes used
to estimate the link stability, which is evaluated
using the formula

(Eq3)
,

Node Power: Node power is essential

parameter in MANET, Highest node power node
will be the cluster Head node which is estimated as
using the formula

(Eq4)

Figure 2 Cluster Node Selections

3.1.2 Role of the Cluster Head
Connectivity Following the formation of the cluster
Creating bidirectional link between two nodes is Head in MANET, each cluster head is responsible
called connectivity, which is computed using the for optimizing the node power. This might be
formula of accomplished by employing intelligent
recommendations in MANET operation such as
avoiding needless packet forwarding via flood,
muting optimal nodes, and utilizing beacon signals.
(Eq5)
Avoid unnecessary packet forwarding
Algorithm 3.1 Forming Cluster Head In the MANET operation, each node is
Steps for Cluster Head forming responsible for forwarding the packet to the next

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ISSN: 1992-8645 www.jatit.org E-ISSN: 1817-3195

hop, resulting in a large number of identical packets energy optimization via the Sleep and Awake
floating in the MANET, consuming more energy. approach and optimum routing path selection. The
Cluster Head is responsible for preventing packets proposed work, FPWP-AODV, is simulated using
from being sent to cluster head nodes more than the NS3 and the results are compared with the
once. existing AODV protocol, which delivers superior
Ideal node mute performance and optimizes battery power. In
When a node is not in the path of particular, this effort will be carried out by
transmission, the cluster head puts it to sleep so that incorporating it into other MANET protocols.
no energy is wasted. When a beacon signal arrives,
the node awakens and checks its condition.
Table 1 Simulation Parameter
Beacon signal usage SIMULATION PARAMETER VALUE
The fundamental objective of using the SET
beacon signal is to synchronies nodes. When the
cluster head nodes are not involved in the MANET Network Interface Wireless
transmission, the cluster head is responsible for Physical Interface
sending the beacon signal. These three wise ideas
could help MANET nodes cut power consumption. Dimension 1500 * 1500Sq.m
Antenna Defined Omni Antenna
4. OUTCOME AND DISCUSSION
Number of nodes 50,100,150,200
4.1 Parameter for simulation Link count 20 -50
The suggested work is implemented in
Network Simulator3 using a high-end system Source Transmission Type Constant Bit
combination of Intel core CPU, 16 GB RAM, and Rate Transmission
Windows 10 operating system. Simulation Set Up
is used to create the simulation results presented in Each Packet size 512 Bytes
table 4.1. Buffer Size 60 Packets
Existing AODV protocol with extra parameters
incorporated in AODV named FPWP-AODV. MAC Layer used 802.11b
Cluster Head formation, and cluster head support Simulation Defined Model Random
are all simulated with NS3 using the simulation
parameters specified in the 1 table and the
simulation parameters defined in table 4.2. Each Propagation model 2 Way Ground
and every parameter is done simulation by varying
the total number of nodes from 50,100,150 and 200. Maximum node speed 30m/s
All the simulation parameter gathered values is Pause Time 30 s
given in the Table 2 and simulation comparative
result in pictorial comparison analysis is given in Number of packet send between 2Packets
the Figure 3From the comparative analysis the the interval
results conclude that FPWP-AODV performance is
better than AODV protocol performance. Time set for Simulation 50 sec, 100 sec ,
5. CONCLUSION AND FEATURE WORK Initial node Energy 240 Joule
The optimization of battery power and
increasing the life time of MANET nodes for Each Node transmission power 0.9 J
packet transmission is an emerging challenge in
MANET. This research article proposes methods
for energy optimization of by forming the cluster Each Node receiving power 0.4J
Head for each region by using the MANET nodes
battery power, mobility, link life time, and node
Sleep Power 0.002J
mobility. A cluster node will have the highest value
of node life duration, connectivity, and battery Changeover Time 0.009s
power and the lowest value of node mobility and
distance. The cluster head is then in charge of

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Total

200
150
100
Nodes
19.08 19.06 19.01 19.02 AODV Power (J)
ISSN: 1992-8645

26.07 25.03 22.05 21.03 FPWP-AODV

1.08 1.06 1.01 0.186 AODV Delay

0.77 0.53 0.65 0.083 FPWP-AODV

(J)
32 24 16 8 AODV Connectivity

50 40 26 12 FPWP-AODV

0.29 0.28 0.25 0.2 AODV Node Mobility

0.16 0.15 0.13 0.1 FPWP-AODV

Table 2 Simulation Result Value

24 18 12 6 AODV Energy

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www.jatit.org

20 15 9 5 FPWP-AODV
(J)
© Little Lion Scientific

Parameter
29th February 2024. Vol.102. No 4

90 87 80 75 AODV Cluster

98 92 88 85 FPWP-AODV Accuracy

85 83 80 75 AODV Network
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology

100 98 95 90 Life time

FPWP-AODV

85 72 60 50
AODV Cluster Head
lifetime
98 95 90 80
E-ISSN: 1817-3195

FPWP-AODV
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29th February 2024. Vol.102. No 4
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ISSN: 1992-8645 www.jatit.org E-ISSN: 1817-3195

Figure 3 Simulation Result

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