(Class – VIII)

Exercise 5.1
Question 1:
For which of these would you use a histogram to show the data:
(a) The number of letters for different areas in a postman’s bag.
(b) The height of competitors in an athletics meet.
(c) The number cassettes produced by 5 companies.
(d) The number of passengers boarding trains from 7.00 a.m. to 7.00 p.m. at a
station.
Give reason for each.

Answer 1:
Since, Histogram is a graphical representation of data, if data represented in manner of
class-interval.

Therefore, for case (b) and (d), we would use a histogram to show the data, because
in these cases, data can be divided into class-intervals.
In case (b), a group of competitions having different heights in an athletics meet.
In case (d), the number of passengers boarding trains in an interval of one hour at a
station.

Question 2:
The shoppers who come to a departmental store are marked as: man (M), woman (W),
boy (B) or girl (G). The following list gives the shoppers who came during the first hour
in the morning.
WWWGBWWMGGMMWWWWGBMWBGGMWWMMWWWMWBW
G M W W W W G W M M W M W G W M G W M M B G G W.
Make a frequency distribution table using tally marks. Draw a bar graph to illustrate it.
Answer 2:
The frequency distribution table is as follows:

1
The illustration of data by bar-graph is as follows:

Question 3:
The weekly wages (in ₹) of 30 workers in a factory are:
830, 835, 890, 810, 835, 836, 869, 845, 898, 890, 820, 860, 832, 833, 855, 845, 804,
808, 812, 840, 885, 835, 835, 836, 878, 840, 868, 890, 806, 840.
Using tally marks, make a frequency table with intervals as 800 – 810, 810 – 820 and so
on.

Answer 3:
The representation of data by frequency distribution table using tally marks is as follows:

2
Question 4:
Draw a histogram for the frequency table made for the data in Question 3 and answer the
following questions.
(i) Which group has the maximum number of workers?
(ii) How many workers earn ₹ 850 and more?
(iii) How many workers earn less than ₹ 850?
Answer 4:
(i) 830 – 840 group has the maximum number of workers.
(ii) 10 workers can earn more than ₹ 850.
(iii) 20 workers earn less than ₹ 850.

3
Question 5:
The number of hours for which students of a particular class watched television during
holidays is shown through the given graph.
Answer the following:
(i) For how many hours did the maximum number of students watch T.V.?
(ii) How many students watched TV for less than 4 hours?
(iii) How many students spent more than 5 hours in watching TV?

Answer 5:
(i) The maximum number of students watched T.V. for 4 – 5 hours.
(ii) 34 students watched T.V. for less than 4 hours.
(iii) 14 students spent more than 5 hours in watching T.V.

4
 Exercise 5.2
Question 1:
A survey was made to find the type of music that a certain group of young people liked in
a city.
Adjoining pie chart shows the findings of this survey.
From this pie chart, answer the following:
(i) If 20 people liked classical music, how many young people were surveyed?
(ii) Which type of music is liked by the maximum number of people?
(iii) If a cassette company were to make 1000 CD’s, how many of each type would
they make?

Answer 1:
(i) 10% represents 100 people.
100  20
Therefore 20% represents = = 200 people
10
Hence, 200 people were surveyed.
(ii) Light music is liked by the maximum number of people.
10 1000
(iii) CD’s of classical music = = 100
100
20 1000
CD’s of semi-classical music = = 200
100
40 1000
CD’s of light music = = 400
100
30 1000
CD’s of folk music = = 300
100

1
Question 2:
A group of 360 people were asked to vote for their favourite season from the three
seasons rainy, winter and summer.

(i) Which season got the most votes?

(ii) Find the central angle of each sector.
(iii) Draw a pie chart to show this information.

Season No. of votes

90
Summer

120

Rainy
150

Winter

Answer 2:
(i) Winter season got the most votes.
90  360
(ii) Central angle of summer season =  90
360
120  360
Central angle of rainy season =  120
360
150  360
Central angle of winter season =  150
360
(iii)

2
Question 3:
Draw a pie chart showing the following information. The table shows the colours
preferred by a group of people.

Answer 3:
Here, central angle = 360 and total number of people = 36

Colours No. of people In fraction Central angles

18 1 1
  360  180
Blue 18 36 2 2
9 1 1
  360  90
Green 9 36 4 4
6 1 1
Red 6   360  60
36 6 6
3 1 1
Yellow 3   360  30
36 12 12

3
Question 4:
The adjoining pie chart gives the marks scored in an examination by a student in Hindi,
English, Mathematics, Social Science and Science. If the total marks obtained by the
students were 540, answer the following questions:

(i) In which subject did the student score 105 marks?

(Hint: for 540 marks, the central angle = 360 . So, for 105 marks, what is the
central angle?)
(ii) How many more marks were obtained by the student in Mathematics than in
Hindi?
(iii) Examine whether the sum of the marks obtained in Social Science and
Mathematics is more than that in Science and Hindi.

(Hint: Just study the central angles)

Answer 4:
Subject Central Angle Marks obtained
Mathematics 90 90
 540  135
360
Social Science 65 65
 540  97.5
360
Science 80 80
 540  120
360
Hindi 70 70
 540  105
360
English 55
55
 540  82.5
360

4
 (i) The student scored 105 marks in Hindi.
(ii) Marks obtained in Mathematics = 135
Marks obtained in Hindi = 105
Difference = 135 – 105 = 30
Thus, 30 more marks were obtained by the student in Mathematics than in
Hindi.
(iii) The sum of marks in Social Science and Mathematics = 97.5 + 135 = 232.5
The sum of marks in Science and Hindi = 120 + 105 = 225
Yes, the sum of the marks in Social Science and Mathematics is more than that in
Science and Hindi.

Question 5:
The number of students in a hostel, speaking different languages is given below.
Display the data in a pie chart.

Language Hindi English Marathi Tamil Bengali Total

No. of 40 12 9 7 4 72
students

Answer 5:
Language No. of students In fraction Central Angle
Hindi 40 40 5 5
  360  200
72 9 9
English 12 12 1 1
  360  60
72 6 6
Marathi 9 9 1 1
  360  45
72 8 8
Tamil 7 7 7 7
  360  35
72 72 72
Bengali 4 4 1 1
  360  20
72 18 18
Total 72

5
Pie chart at above given data is as follows:

6
 Exercise 5.3
Question 1:
List the outcomes you can see in these experiments.

(a) Spinning a wheel (b) Tossing two coins together

Answer 1:
(a) There are four letters A, B, C and D in a spinning wheel. So there are 4 outcomes.
(b) When two coins are tossed together. There are four possible outcomes HH, HT,
TH, TT.
(Here HT means head on first coin and tail on second coin and so on.)

Question 2:
When a die is thrown, list the outcomes of an event of getting:
(i) (a) a prime number (b) not a prime number
(ii) (a) a number greater than 5 (b) a number not greater than 5

Answer 2:
(i) (a) Outcomes of event of getting a prime number are 2, 3 and 5.
(b) Outcomes of event of not getting a prime number are 1, 4 and 6.
(ii) (a) Outcomes of event of getting a number greater than 5 is 6.
(b) Outcomes of event of not getting a number greater than 5 are 1, 2, 3, 4
and 5.

1
Question 3:
Find the:
(a) Probability of the pointer stopping on D in (Question 1 (a)).
(b) Probability of getting an ace from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards.
(c) Probability of getting a red apple. (See figure below)

Answer 3:
(a) In a spinning wheel, there are five pointers A, A, B, C, D. So there are five
outcomes. Pointer stops at D which is one outcome.
1
So the probability of the pointer stopping on D =
5

(b) There are 4 aces in a deck of 52 playing cards. So, there are four events of getting
an ace.
4 1
So, probability of getting an ace = 
42 4
(c) Total number of apples = 7
Number of red apples = 4
4
Probability of getting red apple =
7

2
Question 4:
Numbers 1 to 10 are written on ten separate slips (one number on one slip), kept in a box
and mixed well. One slip is chosen from the box without looking into it. What is the
probability of:
(i) getting a number 6.
(ii) getting a number less than 6.
(iii) getting a number greater than 6.
(iv) getting a 1-digit number.
Answer 4:
(i) Outcome of getting a number 6 from ten separate slips is one.
1
Therefore, probability of getting a number 6 =
10
(ii) Numbers less than 6 are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 which are five. So there are 5
outcomes.
5 1
Therefore, probability of getting a number less than 6 = 
10 2
(iii) Number greater than 6 out of ten that are 7, 8, 9, 10. So there are 4 possible
outcomes.
4 2
Therefore, probability of getting a number greater than 6 = 
10 5
(iv) One digit numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 out of ten.
9
Therefore, probability of getting a 1-digit number =
10

Question 5:
If you have a spinning wheel with 3 green sectors, 1 blue sector and 1 red sector, what is
the probability of getting a green sector? What is the probability of getting a none-blue
sector?
Answer 5:
There are five sectors. Three sectors are green out of five sectors.
3
Therefore, probability of getting a green sector =
5
There is one blue sector out of five sectors.
Non-blue sectors = 5 – 1 = 4 sectors
4
Therefore, probability of getting a non-blue sector =
5

3
Question 6:
Find the probability of the events given in Question 2.

Answer 6:
When a die is thrown, there are total six outcomes, i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

(i) (a) 2, 3, 5 are prime numbers. So there are 3 outcomes out of 6.

3 1
Therefore, probability of getting a prime number = 
6 2
(b) 1, 4, 6 are not the prime numbers. So there are 3 outcomes out of 6.
3 1
Therefore, probability of getting a prime number = 
6 2

(ii) (a) Only 6 is greater than 5. So there is one outcome out of 6.

1
Therefore, probability of getting a number greater than 5 =
6
(b) Numbers not greater than 5 are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. So there are 5 outcomes
out of 6.
5
Therefore, probability of not getting a number greater than 5 =
6