Buddhism ● Suttanipata- cattle gives food, beauty and

happiness- should not be killed.

Origin
● Against Brahmanism, by Kshatriya, new agro Sub Schools /Sects
economy, caste, cow killing, vaishyas.
● Gautama Buddha aka- Siddhartha, Sakyamuni, Mahayana- 100 BC Kashmir - great vehicle, Sanskrit,
Tathagata. group salvation, Buddha will born again. Idol worship,
● Shuddhodhan and Mayadevi (died), raised by rituals. Bodhisattva, Lotus sutra, Mahavansa.
Prajapati gautami (aunt). Married to Yashodhara Sub-schools- Chittamatra, Shunyata Madhyamika
(kiloya), son- Rahul. (Nagarjuna), Zen, China, Korea, Tibet, Japan.
● Teachers- Alarakama and Udraka Ramputra.
Nagarujuna- Madhyamika = Sunyavad. Samyakshyam
Events , Symbols and Places- Buddha- Bodhisattva- who attains 6 goals of perfection-
● Avakranti- Conception -white elephant-Lumbini dana, sila, kasanti, virya, dhanya and prajna.
● Jati-birth 523 BC - lotus, bull, footprint -Lumbini
(Nepal) Hinayana- lesser vehicle, individual salvation-self
discipline, original teaching, doctrine of elders,
● Mahabhnishikramana-renunciation-horse,
Buddha-never reborn, image worship, Pali, Ashok,
begging bowl, empty throne, Gandhi kuti. Buddha was not god. 18 sub schools- Mahasanghika,
● Nirvana/ Sambodhi-enlightenment-Bodhitree, Sarvativada, theravad, sautantrika, Sammitya.
(pipal), vajraasan, Urvella, Bodhgaya
● Dharmachakra Pravatana- 1st sermon- wheel, Theravad & Sarvastivada- older and more conservative,
lion, deer Sarnath. desire to become Arhats, freedom from cycle of
samsara. Pali, cesseation of Kaesas. Ashok's son-
● Mahaparinirvana-Death- stupa. Kushinagar
Mahendra and Daughter Sangamitra- spread. Samatha
● Other imp places- Kapilvastu, Ragrir, Shravasti, and Vipassna- integral. Vibhajjawada- analysis,
Vaishali (last sermon) Vishuddhimagga- purification.
● Dhammachakrapravartan- Tathagath Shakya
Muni. Vajrayana- vehicle of thunderbolt, tantrik buddhism
(shaivism elements), 900 CE, Magical powers-liberation,
females (tara), Tibet. Master brings enlightenment to
No believe in god and soul. Believe in re-birth. - disciples. Thangka paintings.
1st guru Arada Kalam- Sankhya.
Buddha > Kasappa > Maitreya. Zen- 7 AD, Mahayana + Taoism, Japan, Meditation.
Pushyamitra Shunga- persecuted many Buddhists, Huna Nahavana- Ambedkar, against caste and social
king Mihirakula (shaivite)- killed many buddhists inequalities.
Shaivite Shashabja of Gauda cult cut-off bodhitree.
3 foreigners- Fa-Xian- CG 2 5AD. Heiun Tsang- 630 AD-
Harsha, I Qing- 673 AD.

Core Philosophy Mahaprajapati Gautam- first woman to enter sangha.

● Nither of 2 extremes-asceticism or worldly pleasure. Uruvela Bodhgaya- Suttamipata- cattle is food giver.
Madhyam marg. Triratna- Buddha, Dhamma and Literature
Sangha.
● Panchsheel-no-- violence + lying stealing sexual ● Sources- Mahavamsa by Mahagama, Deepvamsha
misconduct intoxicants. and Attakatha by Wattagamami (Ceylon)
● 4 Noble truths- Misery (dukkha), desire is the cause ● Tibet- Divya Vandana by Kalachakra, Milindapanha
(trishna), can be conquered (nirodh), by ashtangika (milinda and nagasena). Culavamsa-lesser chronicle.
marg. ● Budhhacharitra- Ashvagosh. In court of Kanishka
● Astangika marg (8 fold path)- right- view, intention, ● Ashokvandandana- Ashok as Buddhist King
speech, action, livelihood, mindfulness, effort and
concentration.
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● Scholars- Moggaliputta tissa- launched Ashok's 3rd Patliputra, Ashok, Abhidhamma pitaka,
Dhamma. Asvagosha-Buddhacharitra , Sariputra 250 BC Mogaaliputta- priest sarvatrivada
Prakran. Nagarjuna- Shunyaveda, 4th Kundalvana Kashmir, Mahavibhasha compiled
Mula-madhyama-kakarika. Buddhagosh- 72 AD Kanishka, Vasumitra Division into Hinayana
Vishnumagga. Dharmakirti-teacher at Nalanda. and Asvagosh. and Mahayana.
Lalitavistara- anonymus biography of Buddha written Translation of Pittaka.
in Gatha- Sansktitised Prakrit. 5th Myanmar, Mindon 729 Stone slabs
Pitaka- 1871 King engraved with
teachings- world's
1st -Vinaya Pitaka- code of conduct for monks and
largest book.
nuns. By Upali- 1st Council. Life and teachings of
6th Burma, U-NU- PM. Theravad. Mahapassana
Buddha/ Patimokha Bikshu. Suttavibhanga- code of
1954 cave- built.
monasty. Khandaka- Cullavagga & Mahavagga. Parivara-
questions and Answers.
8FOLD PATHS
2nd- Suttapitaka- principles- delivered by Buddha
himself. Recited by Ananda- 1st council, has Jataks.
1. RIGHT OBSERVATION
5 Nikaya- Digga-, Majjihima, Samyutta, Angutarra,
2. DETERMINATTION
Khuddaka.
Buddhavansa- 24 Buddha who preached Buddha. 3. SPEECH
Theraghat- songs of elders 4. ACTION
Therighats- songs of lady elders. 5. LIVELIHOOD
6. EXERCISE
3rd- Abhidamma pitaka- philosophy and doctrine of
7. MEMORY
Buddhism. By Mogaliputta at 3rd Council.
8. MEDITATION
Bodhisattvas
FACTS
Mahayana-salvation through Buddha. Boddhisatvas- can
- DO NOT believe in existence of god
achieve nirvana, delay to help beings on their path.
- attacked varna system
Marichi- Buddhist Goddess. Later part of Bhakti
- use of pali language
tradition.
Maitreya- future buddha, earliest boddhisatva, aka Jainism
Ajitabodhisatva, Laughing Buddha. 6th C BC. 24 tirthankars, first-
Samantabhadra- Universal, meditation and action. Rishabhdeva/Rishabhnath. 23rd- Parshvanath,
Vajrapani- Thunderbolt, one of 3 protective dieties of (Varanasi, gave up royal life, 200 years before Mahavir),
buddha. Other 3- Manjushri and 24th Mahavir.
Avlokiteshwara /Padmapani- help, compassion. Doctrine older than Buddhism. High or low Varna is
Kshitigarbha- Boddhisatva of Hell, guards children. result of good or bad karma in previous birth.
Amitabha- buddha of heaven.
Sadaparibhuta, Manjushri-flaming sword. Vardhaman Mahamir
Akashgarbha- space, wisdom.
● Born- Kunagrama, Vaishali. Gnatrika clan. Parents-
Councils- Siddharta and Trishala. Wife- Yashoda. Daughter-
1st Sttapani cave Rajgiha, After Mahaparinirvana, Priyadarshana. Teachers- Alarakama and Udraka
483 BC Mahakasypa- priest Ramputra.
Compiled Sutta Pitaka
Ajatshatru. ● Attained Kaivalya under sal tree- called Mahavir, Jina
and Vinaya Pitaka
Jitendra and Nigrantha.
2nd Vaishali, Kalashoka. Division- Sthaviradins &
● First sermon- Pava. Death- Pava -Rajgriha. Symbol-
383 BC Sabakami- priest. Mahasanghika.
lion.

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● Teachings- God is subordinate to Mahavira, soul Jain literature- Jain Agam- divided into Angas,
transmigrates on the basis of Karma. Varna system mulasutra, upanga, prakirnaka sutra, chedasutra and
exits. ulikasutra.
● Anekantavada- theory of plurality.
Kalpasutra- written by Bhadrabahu, biographies of Jain
● Seven modes of prediction- Saptabhangi Nayavada.
tirthankars. Prakrit.
5 Doctrines / Anuvrata- Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya (no Canonical text- Agam Sutra- Ardha-Magadhi.
stealing), Aparigraha (no property), Brahamcharya. Non-Agam literature- commentary and explanation of
Agam-literature. Independent- no clear writer, many
3 jewels- Right Faith- Samyaka-darshana, Right
languages- Rajasthani, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada,
Knowledge Samyaka-gyan, Right Action-
German, English, Sanskrit etc.
Samyaka-charitra.
Councils
Spread- Through- Sangha- men and women. 1st 3 BCE Patliputra, Bindusara Sthalabahu
Patronage- Chandragupta Maurya, Kharveli of Kalonga, CGM- Patron compiled 12 angas.
South India- Ganga, Kadamba, Rashtrakuta and 2nd 512 AD Vallabhi, Devardhi- Final compilation of
Chalukya. Bhadrabahu-guru of Chandragupta --> South. Kashmasramanam Angas
Sthulabahu-->North.

Sects - Famine in Magadh for 12 years. FACTS

Digambar Sky clad(naked), Shvetambar -White-clad-
1. jainism did not condemn varma system ,
Southerners. Northerners.
-->All 5 vows. Bhadrabahu. --> Sthulabhadra. buddhism did
--> women cannot achieve --> White clothes. 2. jainsm veleives in existence of god and placed
salvation. --> Follow only 4 wows them below jina
--> Major sub-sect- Mula --> Women can achieve 3.
Sangh, Bisapanth, liberation.
Terapantha, Tarapantha / --> Sub sect- Murtipujaka,
Samaiyapantha. Stanakvasi and
--> Minor sects- Terapanthi.
Gumanapantha, Totapantha.

Important Terms
Asrav- Inflo of karma to soul every second.
Samvara- Stopping material karma into soul.
Nirjara- Removal of accumulated karmas. Imp for
moksha. One of 7 fundamental principles/tattva.
Sallekhana- voluntary fasting to death. Aka Santhara.
Kaivalya- omniscience. Aka Kevala Gyan.

BASADIS- jain monastic establishment

Literature

Started from Adinath/Rishabhnath. Teachings before

Mahavir- Putva.

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