Advanced Project for Data Engineering in Azure

Project Overview

This project aims to develop a comprehensive data engineering solution on the MS Azure
platform to support a pharmaceutical manufacturing environment. The solution will focus on
data integration, warehousing, and analytics to enable data-driven decision-making and
operational efficiency.

Solution Architecture

1. Data Sources:
o ERP Systems
o Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)
o Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS)
o PI (Process Information)
o Supply Chain Management Systems
2. Data Ingestion:
o Azure Data Factory (ADF): Orchestrates the data flow from various sources to
Azure Data Lake Storage.
o Azure Event Hubs/Kafka: For real-time data ingestion from streaming sources
like MES and PI.
3. Data Storage:
o Azure Data Lake Storage (ADLS): Centralized storage for raw and processed
data.
o Azure SQL Data Warehouse: Optimized for large-scale analytics and reporting.
4. Data Processing:
o Azure Databricks: For ETL processes, data transformation, and machine
learning workloads.
o Azure Synapse Analytics: Unified experience for big data and data warehousing.
5. Data Modeling:
o Star Schema and Snowflake Schema: Optimized for analytical querying.
o Data Vault Modeling: For flexibility and historical data tracking.
6. Data Integration and ETL:
o Azure Data Factory: Develop ETL pipelines to clean, transform, and load data
into the data warehouse.
o Azure Databricks: Advanced transformations and machine learning models.
7. Data Governance and Security:
o Azure Purview: For data cataloging and governance.
o Azure Active Directory (AAD): For authentication and access control.
o Encryption: In-transit and at-rest encryption using Azure Key Vault.
8. Data Quality:
o Azure Data Quality Services (DQS): Implement data validation and cleansing.
o Monitoring and Alerting: Using Azure Monitor and Log Analytics.
9. Data Visualization:
o Power BI: For creating interactive dashboards and reports.
 o Azure Analysis Services: For semantic data models and high-performance
analytical querying.
10. DevOps/DataOps:
o Azure DevOps: For CI/CD pipelines, version control, and automated testing.
o Infrastructure as Code (IaC): Using Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates
and Terraform.

Detailed Solution

Data Ingestion

• Azure Data Factory (ADF):

o Create pipelines to extract data from ERP, MES, LIMS, and supply chain
systems.
o Use ADF's integration runtime for on-premise data extraction.
o Schedule data ingestion processes and set up monitoring for failures.

Data Storage

• Azure Data Lake Storage (ADLS):

o Set up a hierarchical namespace for efficient data organization.
o Store raw data in a landing zone, processed data in a curated zone, and analytics-
ready data in a presentation zone.
• Azure SQL Data Warehouse:
o Design the schema based on business requirements.
o Implement partitioning and indexing strategies for performance optimization.

Data Processing

• Azure Databricks:
o Create notebooks for data transformation, cleansing, and aggregation.
o Use Delta Lake for ACID transactions and scalable data pipelines.
• Azure Synapse Analytics:
o Integrate with ADLS for a unified analytics experience.
o Use Synapse Studio for data exploration, analysis, and machine learning.

Data Modeling

• Star Schema:
o Design fact and dimension tables for sales, inventory, and production data.
o Optimize for quick query performance and reporting.
• Data Vault Modeling:
o Implement hubs, links, and satellites for tracking historical changes.

Data Governance and Security

 • Azure Purview:
o Catalog all data assets and maintain a data lineage.
o Define and enforce data governance policies.
• Azure Active Directory (AAD):
o Set up role-based access control (RBAC) for data resources.
o Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for added security.
• Encryption:
o Use Azure Key Vault for managing encryption keys.
o Enable Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) for Azure SQL Data Warehouse.

Data Quality

• Azure Data Quality Services (DQS):

o Implement rules for data validation and cleansing.
o Set up a data quality dashboard to monitor and report issues.

Data Visualization

• Power BI:
o Create interactive dashboards for different business units.
o Implement row-level security (RLS) for data access control.
• Azure Analysis Services:
o Develop semantic models to simplify complex data structures.
o Optimize models for fast query performance.

DevOps/DataOps

• Azure DevOps:
o Set up CI/CD pipelines for data pipeline deployment.
o Use version control for code and data pipeline artifacts.
o Automate testing and deployment processes.
• Infrastructure as Code (IaC):
o Define infrastructure using ARM templates and Terraform scripts.
o Automate the deployment of Azure resources.

Sample Data Generation

Tools and Techniques

• Python and Faker Library: For generating synthetic data.

• Data Generation Scripts: To create realistic data for various systems (ERP, MES,
LIMS, etc.).
Example Data Generation Script (Python)

import pandas as pd

from faker import Faker

import random

fake = Faker()

# Generate ERP data

def generate_erp_data(num_records):

data = []

for _ in range(num_records):

record = {

'OrderID': fake.uuid4(),

'ProductID': fake.uuid4(),

'ProductName': fake.word(),

'Quantity': random.randint(1, 100),

'Price': round(random.uniform(10, 1000), 2),

'OrderDate': fake.date_this_year(),

'CustomerID': fake.uuid4(),

'CustomerName': fake.name()

data.append(record)

return pd.DataFrame(data)

# Generate MES data

def generate_mes_data(num_records):

data = []

for _ in range(num_records):
 record = {

'MESID': fake.uuid4(),

'BatchID': fake.uuid4(),

'ProductID': fake.uuid4(),

'StartTime': fake.date_time_this_year(),

'EndTime': fake.date_time_this_year(),

'Status': random.choice(['Completed', 'InProgress', 'Failed']),

'OperatorID': fake.uuid4(),

'MachineID': fake.uuid4()

data.append(record)

return pd.DataFrame(data)

# Generate sample data

erp_data = generate_erp_data(1000)

mes_data = generate_mes_data(1000)

# Save to CSV

erp_data.to_csv('erp_data.csv', index=False)

mes_data.to_csv('mes_data.csv', index=False)