- Mesvke ~ of : @ Biomase Ene egy) T. Biomagp Production; % ye VEt fF Plast matter Cweated by the peocesp of phobopynthepig | ie called Wiemasg- Photopynthenig ipo natusad eadiation, | The Fined xeaction of thig precesg can be aepreperted ae followe - 6H, +600, + Sola Light eneagy —> Cotta 6 + 6€o, | Ta thig rseaction proregg . wakewr A cavkon Vonide ave convested inte owganic matesnl, Biamage hab Ehe advantaye of contwollability and availability ehen compored to many others xenewable enerPy oFtWMB. Biomaga production broadly clepribied ay two methodg namely, A Dineck Method, 3 te produce Ra tesoals he con be vped ¥ ; —— — axe wailable thoghowk the wseld in Roliasing Forms ® Fewegt wood Q wap @) Agsotient copy & vepidues Gi) Repidertial feed warts (w) Tadestaicd worth (wy) Human Kaninat eagle (vi) Enexgy Coops. Biomagp ene sgy obtained by wan metewolg hag Low energy deapity, howerer jpod application 18 covking Leadg envivuomentag palltion prsbleme & Unpuitable por eRPicienk Q efPectne VBC. Eohancing upedplaess of biomaBye . pone une 0 B Prerpwecesing A converpion Technolgy ig necespary- ss IS EES63 © 8 a Mx: SHIVARAT ff, Sagthaagind cllegeof Pngineevinp » FEE Dept]| &. Lodinect Methodg: Biomagp can also be oped lndewectly by converting ye evther inte ehectwicity £ hea ce Fete a convene ogable fuel in gohid | Liqnid ow gapemB hose - The LEPINE comenpion poorespep awe ap pelle GW) Thewme ~ebectwicol converpion, (ti) Biomase conversion te peel. = Theseso—chemical conversion Includes povce BCG goth ag degbeructive digtlation , pyrolysig gett ficaken. > Biological comverpion jncludep procenes puch OM qermentation Qi ana ewobiC digesten . Tadiweck Method awe ef ticrenk £ eavirwomedtal pollution awedvced. TE SNe PLANTATIONS pAn approach Fuethe Large -seale planned upe of wooed ja the “ eneaxgy plackabion eR tHe approach | selected Peecley of tacep axe planted LZ herve ted over wepukor Faken of tiene in a phaped manney Be sthed wood iQ Cantinuously availeble fue coving oe allied puspopes - # Energy plantation focludes ,amonggt others, pine , eattenuscod , hybid poplar 7 PueetqumR Cucalyptup. KF Commescial energy plantationg menagewenk py pte Ga Vawied Climmakic conditions hat emerged Gaving the pare 4&-S decades , Tene iry plandkiry 2 Cab Byation crathole - ppecies mat ching , blogenehics R pest K The technology of bieeragg ~ baged gleckBic pouey plante ib well egtubliphed in treusA L Cuwpe X thest axe over Sow puck planER LGe wood, word { waste & various type of agricaiuend wagbe. SH®, AE Biomass Gapsification; — WET # Biomage qartibication Tp a Precese of javtial combuption Ta cohtch golid dbromagg Lvpually inthe ~powm of Pieces cea ageicalteral segidue ip converted into a combustible gag mixture. +A gazeouy mictere of Cavbon monoxide (Co) ,Cavhon diowtde Coor) , methane (EMG), hyderyen (Hr) Kniteazen CN5) called producer aap -Lqsttiticetion Producergay Con be v ped > Te xan Gabel combuption enginey D> Fowsnace otl qa diseck heok applicokiong % Gappification procepneg Tovelved coith biemang axe ag follows Y Daytog of dele WD Pyroody Bie WD Com buption @) Cracking &Y) Redactiom ¥ Twe ty pep of {oesi biection > Low -Lempermture qapaifiestions When qavtifeation oR bivmang ip caved ab ab FSTC Eo \ioh CILIA xttemed ap low bemptaabuse qevn picetions rt ig oped dixectly te burn Frc pbtam pesduction & poets electweity: Tt ie mixture of co. Coy oMe 7 CHL AR niteyen Faun 08 D Ligh Temperature garsifietion: Eke ip carved oak Ta empe webu wange oh lred Cc ~ l600c BQ iE wePawsed ap fynthepia gap. Te containg high Propestion of CO & He & conver blety high qpadity Byntheric diege| bickuel compatible brs use| ja diepel engines:T % The average enesgy convespion efficiengy of gael tt cadtton ie defined ag Coders be value oF BE Puck “oe = ieee anne Average colenfic ve of (kg of ued iw Theory of Gasrification* oR Neh 2 Gapigication may be compidered ayo ppecial cope of Pasely tte where degtwuctive decomposition of bivmage by heat If converted to charcoals, oils tase A Combvgii ble gad. p The ~weattor oped -por getitication ip called agagitiey BR The complete combustion a® biomagh produces biomass Garber thal qerewally contain. ¢ Niteyjen Na. sox —S4G% Cagbon mmoxide Cot Lex —L2% Hydergen Has ism eA Hebrene CG tang R Carbon dioxide CO, gy, —II% FThe prsdaction of all trepe qapeg Ipobtained by the weaction of water vepmuy & casben doxide though a glousing layer of charcoal, ¥® Thas, Key to qaaeitier denign ip tte cxeete conditiong © puch thet (i) Biomagg ig seduced to chavcoal Cd Chawcoal ip converted af puiteble tempevedure td prdve Co @tr. Ric Repertory biuraga meters DHL => cy Awe agiter -pTAe =F ave F=b HOST .SX Gapifies A thetic Clagpiticationts eo & Biomase garaitier roy be compiderxed af a chemiceQ yeactow Ir Ohich biomagy goer through peveral complex phyricod X chemical pwocespep & pordacer i8 produced aS wemoved. Po ~Thext dee tooo diptinck cypen oft gevitier: > Elxed bed gopiffes s Ia trie apifier, biemags sfuelp move either countercursenl or comcurrenk to the flo of goritication medium ag the tuel ig converted te uel gop. rel ie wedebively aimple Ce operwrte & nave veduced VwOPIT These ase thee Ly ped of ined bed gasatier CO Down daft garibier 1 Ta the dosndett-garitiey ” the aiv ip pasped Yorn tthe Layery fn the downdeaft drrection, “ x Righ abity gad a Fe % Satiasil bow a ee engines, & thermed applicediong As we TE ts penithete aph convent pipbare conten hh Wr AL Qe ewiation | tued fey Boocdeagt ® Lpdeakt gepitiors Updeabt gapitier , hog ate pasting “thenugh the biomad ys & the combustible ga bee Come oul Rare bottom Groen the Dopo the garifies: r= Fat 5 Biomass Gioraty Ai ELIA Aye Lise Figs vptegt Ry. Cwved deaf.«© Cwoeh daft qetities> Et ip a vesy viemple qavitien & iy highly portable spore pmalh outpale. csith plight Variation , almogt a&h the genipiers spall in The above mentioned cobkeqoni es, aGosd quelity Jae # Flepible gat poodaction : * Mix enter Yoon ONS pide athe Gh bev & ued ig weleapee Yoon the oppeni te pide, QB. Ewidized Bed gopties 2 Ty ttuilired bed joppitier an fnevt moterial (pach ap Baad pap h cwchey) ig utilized to make bed & tet actg apa heob- teothe medium, SL Chemiptay of Reaction peoceap 19 Gasification. Foor digtack procespeg take place Tra gopipier cohen fod mrakep Ite way te gen Pieetion > \ Drying Zone, af duck: Ta cthip Zone, The moiptee content Re biomape IG wemeved tro obtain the dey biomasd . Some owqantc acide alps come ol during the deying pesceap. Thege acid give wapets Come Blan of gai bess BR. Pyrolypig Zone v En -thip zoe, thetar & othe voladiles ave draven oPS The pesduct@ depend vpn Leenperwrturt, pecepuse ,wenldence AS ene R reab loapes, . @ Vp te tre shempesature Q Boo'C anh; voter ig dviven of f- . ® Redtcen gee CR BROC cavben dioxide , cee acid Lwoatew awe Geo ope. Cod Real pywlyate Ever place detbueen Dave — svc, © Reducer seh CAFC the gag puoduction va pall & containg hyd wegenQ 3. Combuption Conideion) Zone + IT trip 2ere, cavhon : Basen the fued combupt 2 peony carbon dioxide wath the Oxygen Tr tre ate by the seaction CH Oy —* COr tHeabk- &- Reduction Zone? “The hot gag pagpey through the yedaction zone atter the Combugtion Zone Dy THIe NO fywee -oxcygen | thab= canpep terflarnenable carboy dioxide gag te rweact ustth the cashon inthe fued & Lung. aremable cashew rnonexide goa: C+ CO + heed: —* QCo =D CHT +Heeb —» Cot ts» ey © 2 ave main weduction weactiong , being endothermic have the epability Qoweduci eu Le mpe che, a TE The teenparabere inthe -wedaction Bone nore bby BOC —Looo'c. Coto Heat —» Co, tHe ® Cyt" GS) Lawer “Che ~weduction ene -Lempeschre GQ awe —wod C) ;lowev The cobeifie value ob ga . Altnsugh these tq a compiderrble aveclap tre Prrcen Bes , Each Can be appumed +e occupy A geporate zone ohere fundamentals, dirghesent Chemical R thermmnd weactiong take place. pw. Vp de Pte 7 Dewodwfht R Covpp DeaPt: geri se Kk . . 2 Nw Seer A+ LEBRAFY Sapiferpy The oldepte & Pimplept type. of gagifier WH the covater” cxetent oe update govttier Bloer gchematically w Reo. % The aiv totake ipak the betton & gap Leaved ak the tp.Biomass feed | aa HT ppotteediong 200 Dey ing Pere |. Packaged boiler’ aS Q -Thewmnod uid 600%. heather’, 3. Alaminivm ove melding / 300% : anneading fee Geeke Tyomacen 4. AN etnds, 0 Bryer reaq Figt. Updaaft gopibier, e The weactive agenk ip ingected at The bette Rane weattoY and agcendg te the bop, cahiletre fuer TE JInkroduced at the tep R depcendgy tothe bette . X The combuption weactionh occu Meare the grake the bottom tre ose felloved by asetdaction or hoon pumetshol higher vp Pa the gaspitier. = ° agiiex, heading 4 pyrobyi TE, the Upper pat Bre 4 pibiex, he 5 * of the eet ginek pecur® GEO rep o B heal Ceanphe by beated convection Lowa diokion Faye the lwer zee R Updrabt Gositierg awe oidely oped ty GoHi by biemab$ eee Re apnewabhy ope Bream ag tre vecactive agent, bul plagging can be pevewe it high aph tuela axe oped. ¥ Thepe gapifiery ave beg parted Foe ape hic ons eohere Sante amountp of dug ja the bued gee ewe acceptable R high HHame empewature 18 seq) wed.®, &. DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER } sb tiation 2 ? — are L Tee gathers, the primaay ate ip Inbweduced ew above the oxidation Zire Trthe gopifier & the pesducer Gok Te eemoved af- the bottom oP “the appoxate®. go thot tuede gee move in the fame diwectten jag Phowonin Figured, * pplicabions aie feed 1 Gedicln Eype- bbakig oven | 2+ Boilexs 3. Thenwal Huidheds ZZ L_ Daying, 200@ Ge Dayeng Lewsey» 1 5. Condinuowg baking (G ante ame ONC « GEC engine® ye ~ | Cammbuption Zone, a. Diveck tyirved ~ == hv setayy Filng < ; t— Reduction Zone -Anmeobing fumeces abt Ne fap Figeas, Dooodaft gipitiey. RThe biomaga beed Ipadmitted at the top gimilar twtre| updeabe gapibier. Ag The feed paagreptep daon thamgn the qeatier, jE deieg Rikp wlabileg ave pyrolyped. * Gaviticabien aie ie Injected Frcbe “the ‘theved> thnsough opentage TS the throat unt, % Due te the high ~temperatiwen exighing ak the trol ection, tawg and eile could be coached Which Good to Powe Un producer gab- acticulayly when The bjommaggy tp wetter “oad ahold. Beh moiptise conte’, heaves ak the battrm of the x The rooducey qar- garter. sat . 5 The etext ~ time, a ona Wp necepnavy ml ionic & ping plank to @oeing Lempevastvree it] good gat qpabity ip procter than optraft gee psddacer,3. £ROSScDRAHT GASSER ee lash! = Fup ABW Fipnes - Cmte Deaf geri few. FFyt Bip apcherabic weprepentation of cooppdaahL apibier , unlike duondaft R vpdaaft qe. cthe oph bin, He & npeductionn zone Tr caeggrdaeft grits at pepreated. KThepe design chavactenpecs Limit the type of fuel fire ope wation “te low aph Juels pach of od, coke, & chascoal. R The welbrvely high Cempewadbree fr cwopg —deaft He aducew hag an obviouB efPect en gag compopition puch ah Wigh Cask moneride , foro hydeayen & moetnane coatende cohen dey fuel Hike chaweeal Tp sped, se Cregg daft gation opesatep wel) on dey ate blagt R doy al R Typically athe gavifier tpa vesticot cglindvier’ veprel| 8. in lon. f vorxying cwpp ection A othe Liman Tp Led Pa ak the top ob TET patenwly of me 81% comerted thooagh a Pesce of pescegpeg Ibo psoducer get Raph, apit mote dese poly toengh varoh 2"% © Pcthe gasifier:©, VO_ FEwxDr2eD BED GASIRECATION3- Ey Gap Gclone Reciscabction ofthe. ‘Hired a -s pears fue 02,749 O° Fuidized | bog ?2 bed ead : Rigor 4, Eiidized bet geskhier. Dig tmbudac pl AR eoxygen oe Bhan \ bs iS R Tt hay been poceeaphally upged te Conte’ prepared Wasted qats a Clean {uel op oe be ogee ce pre aa “Syeet as . @ qpiprnent- : sys % al capper VP jenpronved vertion of bined bed guption 4 make wal initial RICE Re The bed made of pnerwct yy peaked wire fuedize Gadeoduced when the tempewbac| hag -weathed the appar paak® leveh. R The bed material teanpfeee heck te the fuck and blowa the weackive agent Linvesug hs a distribu plate at « contoolled wate. he Fuadized bed gagipierg have ne diptioct ~etaction | Beg but “eying 7» Rywolytid 4 saspifiotionoctue Bmulleneougly, P The buck pawtitlee awe Gatwoduced atthe betton, of the weattor, very qickly mixed ait the bed materiol and almost Inptaneougly heated vp ts are bed temperwatore Ardvantuge &5- |. Reduced cob ly vping wood tok beilew ow dreye¥ ow Fila operation ae [dax\s wogtey woither than gap er oll. Reduced cont Por additioml pteaming capacity when compared te ners wood ov bayk bred beilera B- Reduced dependenty Om extemal Auel powsceg fire Pespane p NectueeL got Roll, Benebi tes 1. igh ovew LL of Ficiency Q. Fuck femibility 2. Highdy FeLiable G. Low purchape & ioqtaWation copte S- Epepible opestione g. Lew emiggion®, od Gospities Bromang Feed Chaxacten ptics i Follosing blomagg aAbeed Chawact® Rati eg or a Pawameterp dictate sthe qpolity & claspiptcatio of gantiers. le Ene xy y content & Bulle Renpity of Tucks The hiqhes the 2nesgy content & balk denpiby at fuck the Gimila® ty the geoipier Volume a. Meigtuxe cuottab t- Moigture content iq very Eeviad componente of biamage quelp Kit ie detewmined bythe type et oelitp ong nk tacalmedty Te tq desivable to vge fuel with Low moeigtere coment Abo mininize heak lopp Ane te lbp Cvoporcctiona a Dost Content : AW gasifier fueka produce undepizabe Auge tab can clog the FntermaL combugtion engine & hence it hag te be ywemeved. The higher the dug produced, mout ig the load Jat on filters necespitetieg thei fxeprend fusphing & Incscaped praivctainence, 4. Tare contents Taw fp ome af The mopt vopleapadt conptituents of the Jeb ap it cendg te depopit in the casbuwettor & Tatalee waleeh canfing BLCking & tomb lefome opexadtions . “baw can be wedaced by peers coolers S. Api & Sleaging chowectesspbies+ phe mineral conterk inthe fuck thet stmaing fa enidized toom atter complete combaption fh vprathy called aph”? Agh apically Gate where usyth the, gaat ow in two weyk Tergetner” >be fon plag Rthig clinker, te “the downward Aims of biumasgy proceed () Te Ayres prope ov jalibi teed. @ Even if doey not Fuge together, TE phelterg tre porate is fuel whest ignition i goittiated, & thag lower “the Suel’s -weaction seppente However - tagging can > type of operation H qorvigier. (i) Lous Etenpesnbere 0 pesation strat Keepg the See npewoctuse well belso the ‘los she enpersctuwe oR the oh: CHV Lows temperate operation thet keepp the, Lemperbowe above the mebbag peistof op hy ee ovewtome by owe Charxcoak ig baw free & hay wsetedively Low agh contenk prespesty-LE Application ef Bicnase uvitiess 3K WY hop THE mata application of Biemag ye qavitier pooducke are of +ollowd> \. Motive powers: 4 agi paodacty axe oped to povide phat power Aro Induptatad Ro agzicalttyot eqsipment- BZ machinesy puch OB C@) Diesel engine opewation or Auch oe looy. modes, ® Water pomed O© Penetorg , haweptesg . : @) Ranting ©. high efficiency gtiehing engines , R. Diwcct heak applications + Guavigies head bag disecl head application puch a% @ Deying of agsicultuxabewp & food products Sach op Lawye Cardamom ,4in er , wubber Lew V t “ 29d ak low -Lempesatuse Farge of abu 25° -1a5°C, ® Baking of tilep & potteniep tn the modewake Lempesatore weange o owt oF C—Yod © (2) Few meng metatg & Uayp Tn non besrme jn the Lempesnte ee ~arge ef R08 C -lows Cy 2. Ehectuicet power genesabions- Elect ®t poser eaewabBtor Laser Pens letlowatty to hundeed§ Gow focod conpumption ow for gad powes ig being faptalled baped om accu product: G, Chemical productions production of Chemicaly Gack ay metrane | & Apes Cached form poelacey” got S. dyeing , Luwmenc boiling, cooking , pik weeding, jiggesy making. =D other Divect heed applications,ew Cooding & Cleaning of qaelbiexg: For efficient and effective upe of grt Fo namersug applications, it phoull be cleaned oP tay, and dupt » dee Porm moigtuse comtenb R covled. Fibse glote clsth Rite __ Coole a > Bierrat Chimod Cyclone fitey Eegine Figuse S Schematic At agrann oR Cealing 2 cleaniep 2 Gok posdwcee plank. a) v x Cooling & cleaning of the gag ig one of the opt enpowtant- PECLIPED. Yathe whole gas pet Wren: FR The teempersabust. of gee coming od of 9 enemtoy Ye acemally bebveen Boo’ C &SVTc. H Moye cookery AE gar tw aie het enchangeeg caheve the cooling ig dene » Fete convection a siv on the otgide pomace of he: Bcchanget- % Nowmally these art tree typer ° Pilrtess vped Aire Cleaning af qak @ Cyclone fiterg + Tey ost depigned aceewding to the wate of ast. production ZAULD dupt content - Lt ie excell’ cleaning | deviceWek Remabber: Even after cyclone filtesing the 908 TAY Cortaing ine dust, particles Srey g Gewbber apo acta Uke a covlex, - (© cloth/ cosle Plters Ht tg a fine Plter, Any condenqation Q- ore on Te piepy the gat ties becange of an Incweate To pecthere drop cemepit, No condenption takep place In Ate. Gb) Drogas Enexgs a me Biogas & ite coenpepitieng # Brogoe ipo clean , non polluting and Low Tt. level Ta Lahich “tre cooley Located above the qeond a 7 ce cow dung ort enixed “trgetnev ine pepe Oe Ce) te ion the Pleery the 1% ra jabs the ee chamber K Digester tank t- Tt ig deep underg sound well-Like gtrctare & divided jes tao Chamber by « partition wall Tn between. “The Digeptey ip algo called 4B arnentation tan. Tt it cy Lind si cod ia Pract R made vp of WNC, pand Cement bull onder game € over the poli d Apuadation.+ De hag two Pipes 1. Tale pipe opening inte the inlet chambee fire inpat ties the Plows Is digegter tank. 2 Outte® pipe opening yote the overflow tani fue the emo ef ppenk plury Parson the diges ter tank, A peparator TE place d IWtHE eniddle. of digepter teak, to Improve, effective Pewmenhabiong of eedptock. A_Dome ox Gag Holdews- The hemi aphevicol tep portion ofthe digester ie called dome, Dt hag fixed hetgne Praowheh all The gat gene waked eatthin the digester” ip collected. The dome o¥ yok heldew it made eMthey saved dome oe dtooting deme type # The cow dung plawy ig pupplied “te the digertex of the biegap pork Via Wet chamber. KM The digested Plorgy foo “the biegst planks ig Spey eenyh the sable chamber \Woskting of Bicgop planks— Cattle dung and webte ave mixed together trresughly Te eq poopertion “bs Form “the plavry Tate Mixing tank. . Then thie blewy Ip poused gate the digepter Via fnlebe chamber Up te the Cylindvierd portion Level QT digegtes. Ro The tewmentaction of pwwry ttavtp ancthe digegter “tank sand after completion of differen anaerobic digestion pEscenpes biogap tp fesmed. BL The gaa continuously predaced TH digeptes tank iq accumulated at the tep oF tHe digester fi be the dome oe 408 hold ew. Tp the gag valve Ip pill kept eloped the blogap wilt, farther get accumulated athe deme & develop high prtgpuse “enough inthe gayte ptast epcaping®), Chavug h the Snleb and ovtleh chamberg to the ekmoppheses S. An Ineweare Trthe volume of gloway inthe Intel K okle# chambers helpy te caltulecte the amout of leieqad genesated within the digenter 6 Gag pipe valve can be opened pastly or fullyts povide blegag tor diptesent applications , yz When the Jd ip being taken oud Faven the 9a ortted at the top of the deme the plusry Boom the cutie chamber 1@ semeved R equi voter amount oR wep Glawsy 1B foducted facto “the digester te conbionne the procesg of Fermentation & the ~foemetion of tHe bregag- Types of Biegap plants. was KK \. Eixed Dome Type. 2 a St PA Ga8 comber| valve Mining = : : tank’ | — stank Ni Taleb chawber QE” Dj 2 L_ EHel- chambev’ Figuae 3. Fixed Dome type Biogas plank . RTE compigta of Polling pacts je MIxiog tank? EA mixing taale , the waterR coltle dang aR mixed “tng ether trooughhy Sn the wahjo Is \ ts orm the Glan.BR. Lalek chambex : The mirzin I open Sate a Plopiag gna one open vadergvound 3. Vigentes: Digenter Tp a hege tank with a deme Lype ceiling, \Werletog praciples The vasioun toed of oxgani c bre deguable biamapp ore collected & mixed with ego Q amotak of water pasperty Fa cthe mizing tanie which Loser Plawsy - The pluowy 1p ed Fate the digeptew tone Keogh talel chamber and pipe & the ayes it pactially billed by dbouk help of itp heighb. The feeding of plussy ip then digcontianed pow abl 6o daye, when anaewoby ¢ bactewta prepenk InctHe PLoswy decompepes oe bermente “the biamag A ta the prepent & ef water Bioqag ig thes termed and Party accurmatting FAtHe Lppew dome aver the bregag planks & the prtepure ig Seested Fpenk gleesy coxfoste, VE How ince the ootted chamber: Finally » the grenk glassy ovenfiewop Tato the © Vvewplew teal ‘eon where Th ID rea needy yemeved and vped ag Meme jue ag Wow tterwel. ewpe & plants. Goa contrel valve. ak-the top of durne ip opened Partially oF ally puppy weenised Foe Pow par ticalar applications - Advantages + (I) The copt V8 wweledivelyy low (i) Sienple In cong teuction ag ne movable dome. GH) Leas Lage ok plank w) Sarve% pest @® Little Indwenced by Kempereburet fractucti Jn dey & ig Digadwctyges (\) Porspity Bcwacky in plank wallg {) Maintenance iq wether Uifbioah&.Rm Floating Type Siegag plant. aes Ge) V Ga holder e e Mi ind Tales be sqegt OSE ‘ Al = dh Figast 4. Broeticg deme-type biegap plant. The comptouction 2 wesking principle of thip biog 98 planta ie pimilaw te fined dome type except thet ag holder tant TE made up oP gheed placed on the Re ye of digester ciwealaw tant and ig movable up & ants nw. oo Advankaged Very efficient (HS tonple maintenance & Meatuantages x (1) Expensive i : : (@ Steet dau ney ros . Gi) Reyadres. Fequler maintenance che di ¥y Poppibla 7 Tared Dome type ee Beating Daun type As Chinese Yxed dene Type ts NNEC made ve anata mode Ds Preaged mode 3. Reenbandhu modell 3+ Faneph medeh Ge. Ape Brogag mode 5. BoRDA med aQ, se Ge CANAR TEC model,JT Benefit } enchity of Shoes , Advackygep Limitations . Benhite: 2K Ds Wt % Pract f energy Cheab Right & electuicity) meter on Qe caryant ¢ wapte inte high Gi ay ty aka Cc Aertilizer, Tit) eatin benefpity af brogag AE Tm provemend— of hy gient c cond tion Credaction de pathogens woot 3B 2 thes). ° Ga) Redaction of workload penainy for women, a collection & coking - advantaged erroygh peotection L pwoterr Rare, aka benefit > of bieg a B pirewee @® avireramentol oF fowepty , Bei G) Slobal Envirsumme Zechmo logy" A dvanbagept @ clear jue o> high calew $e Vaduae & hay a convenient ignition stempexcduet. @) No ~cegidue spmokeR dupe paoduced Qi) Now —polluting iBignipeant heat benehite xc achieved by the Vt of clean blegaks- Gy) Economical benebiER of biegan ad igh qpeity Tease @ Pawideg D seat wich LN apy mane Pye | Limttection®< @ Tritiel copt ak japialation ot the ploak 4 highs @) Fra deqpacy af owgeniC ow rrateviala RICH Continuity oF BPPY tid) Social acce pability (is) Mainkenance & epeire biog p platsx Facies, oEbecting Ses Detection ofa Perbicular modek of a jogap plank. SK weal Various factorg affecting -the selection of a particular model of a biogap plank ave ap ppllowg a Copt t- The pencipal LR maintenance copt of biegag pladkg phould be ag low aq pogpible beth te tre vper 2 te the gocety- (i) Simplicity io demlgns The design phould be gimple not ony yor congtouction purponed betalge Pine opewbjon & maiwrtenance. ; Wi) Duswbiitys Longer LigepPen of biegag plankg ip eppenbial in Bituakiong eohex® pesple ave yet do be molSvated tow the adoption of tht technolegy & the neceppery RRIW ER makerialy ave nek weadily owallable, & Tt Ip Neceppery te conptauct plank thet at mene dusable , abthagh thi, may eye & higher Faitoh Feveptment : &) Suitability drewte with axsilable saw Tnpabes The degign phould be compatible with the ty pe of japaka Theh would be vged. G) Enpats. & cchpela vbe reytenty + Freprency oF obsization of biegag & Beedpteck inpetting Ba biegag planks, wekvence the pelection ap a pawticalar depign & Bree of Vvasiong compments of brogat plants. TH Brogag plank Peed and their charsactenptics. ve 5 ~The major chawactemptre 14 Carbon /Nitewe,, CC{m) watto.R A C/N atto warging Pom Lo ts Bo ip conpidened optimum fre anaewobi c Ugestion. R Fes omanit mettrialy with vesy high JN wthio tne nibegen wi) be com pumed sapidly by mretthangeny ghee meeting their pestion agpivemedts Rieke aey cashew content of the metena® esill net have acy weaction Peeps: Thig coil weduce the biog ag prada ction, R Pew very los C/N ni tengen will be tbesated Q accurubated athe doen of aramenia (NH) which Lol\l Trewea pe the PH we of The content ta the diqepter. 26 A- VOY Values highew than 8.5 Will glact g hesing Lori c effect om methanageng pspuletion. © Tidal eneegy: TE. Advantages & Dipadvantayes of Titel power. Advantages See | SW Aboot two -thivd of eavth't perface Tq covered by usaterx these 1h Beope te genewate dal energy en laxye peale WS Techniquey bo predict the She & Aull of Hides ay they Lollos cyclic faphien —& prediction of enengy availability Te Well eptabliphed, > Tt Iq an envisvamment Awendly Cnewyy R doeg not produce greenhoupe ef fect a is) Te ig an Inexhanphble Fource of energy: » The Ute of Edel eneagy power plant ip Very lon > The eneagy density iq weletively highes, vi> Tt te clean gowere of eneagy & doeg not wegudeGay mutch land o* other wepourcey, enesyy frum other Gourres wid Egficiency et del power genexetion FR feow greste cohen Compared -to coal palaw Cw coind eneagy, THE edfrcieng, ip axmind B0% %»> Capite® Ine ptmed: of congtauction bp tidal. powes Id high yp Maning A maintenance cogtF wwe ssela tively Loro+ Qinedv eninge ns > Capit Poveptmen’ yes conptwuction e del poorer ig hi » only a ver fee ideak Locactiong. -Rre congtmction of plank awe available 2 they rtwo Ast localized to coaptah ~wegiond- ; i) Unpredictable Icteapity Ser aek (are eae damage te pee™ grey unitR. i Ayedic Lye ik Trftuenced adverpely & can ipa the migration of piph The energy genewoted Jpast mach ag high low Lideqy occurs only testice a doy & crbaucus enewyy production Th nst pottble. VS The actuel qenemaion ip dye sprout period o€ time. : vid) “Thig' techsodegy 18 BEN pot capt effective R mort Eechnotogice advancement ase weysrved to make th commertiably viable. M Te Pecoblemp Eaced in. epplertig Tidal eneagy Dd Vpwally the placep here tidal Energy Tp produced ast far awey Baran the plsceR where it TB Conpumed . agian herneptingAS Teanpmipaion 15 expensive digticubt, > Dadesmittent supply s Coke Z envisormental porblemg, pawticulerty barwwage Syptema ave leg® abteatth® than Pome other sen of Bnewable Ene wyy- > Cogt YS Altering the ecopyptem at the VIS Linstted conptoucted lecottion® vw Provideg power gue awoand Leh eath day : wi Eypenpie “be comprouct DS Bawwapeg may alps deubry the hebited q the wild lite Mviep need it | TIDAL RoweR BASIN:- wv = The basic pyotton ie tee mop pancttcoL enetthod of hamegping Aideh enexgy Fr 1s ceeated by encleting © portion pea behind erected damp, *K SR eet These ave tee ty eee ; Gg Single begin pygttm?~ Fagen. Single - bapin Fyvter, R This ig the Bimplest woasy of owe qenesstion Be the Pimplept Scheme fire develaping tidal powe ie the Biegle— bogian arswanyement: ay Phen in Figere 1,& Siagle water aes @ fa os Leoges IB clped afk by conptancting KH Sluice (ete) slaxye enough daring tide po theb the lebB iq pasvided In the dam. R The Bingle~ bapin system hap two configuration namely . too admit the udev of head ip Prmall, 1. One wey Bingle batin pystem? The type of pytemsa cas Allows Pwwes q enesettion only por about Sh -Powes Ib qenexakes 4a “the level of falling Heep coincided with the level of the next wiping Be. Tar way ingle babins Trig pystem aUowg, Power ee sation Pam “the uatter moving From the pla te the bain 2 Then af be de, ee ts the Per: Thig, PHECERH SEIS oot SEPENPING tusbfae. Single basin Pytter hay the dwasbacee of. intermittent powee™ poppy & hamepsyyg Qo only qbouk ooh Q auarjable thdet enexgy: mesing boa bigqes am Gi) “Tee babia tyttem’ # An Copwovernente over Tre Begle Sain Fytteay ig the two- bagin pyrite. 2 Ta tuo bapin Gygtem 7% Comptankee Contino oudpel ig maintained by quitable adjugtment of the tatbing \aeR “te put “the head undey cohich thepe -turbineQ OFF operating. % A bas ~bapin PYyRtem wequicdkeg power oudkpal ofan GA dviduol Bde , be i Cannot take core of the great digtereace jn oodpaty between ppring& neap dep . RX Thevefere sth p Pyttem parvidega a perbsal qabdion to the pasblem of qteng a tee output o Powe Paven a tidal geheme. 3 + agian dy Figeatas Tue bagin pytten, This awrangemerk j even though tee hntea tl, rapible 1B MAch More eypenpve jag TE calla jor high {aptalled capacity Sur meekicg & pertioter lead. * The Figuce & phon Ltre tes bepint clog e ts each othex » opteakre alternatively: % One bapin qenewe ttt powes when tre Hde ie Wing and othes bafBin genes teg poe T ele the Hee ig falling: % The tre aging moy have a common POWE NT houge oe mey have pepeske power hope fue each bagin. ® TA beth capes Povey Th qBrewnted contin cuplys A Tt ipa Combinetion of a Pigle begin fygtems, fa whichone 1® q ere wating power duwiag ding qaea” otter 1S pocsrtios power dein Emptying: QE Tusbinep Fue Tide power Ke KITT TideR power plantt bpesnte vVBINg aaapidly wake re & hewe ost oa then— Vawying head ° IO : high eR Fi cieney od roebrnes mapt hat Ve ing load oy pe of unter ewene, openrtep qt imdey “thepe Conditiong® . y o Purtuble a. Ppwopeiler 2 eo tebine Ip alpe Pe ecnane tne, mete o& mthe blades can be adtenect cho obtain MEK AOS efhiciensy wile Water 1 tailing: 3: ecb -type gaming jit actt ae eyda ciency both Of app © Sb & Boing , Bub ~tye® travbine 1. Kaplan Vourably ae ne¥ metal l F Re ; cot LLL LL L 7 7 0 m Figare 3. Gotb-type. tome, RT congiptge of a pteel phell completely encleging the qenewstr trek Tp coupled tothe] tusbine wunnes. we The tushme A moated ina trbe ithin tre Brmcture of the — barwaye A The cobele Machinebeing qubmenged at IL UmeB . FH Ralb tarbmea (an cosgevated the gece woke — matey] uni i iM The pros paehsge ef the wwactere. Theaz, Luarbine axe vped ab the La Rance Power Pratin TAFeaace . R The mam dwaw bacle ie That emberbong awund “the tusbine , malting majcte nance driodd, DS Enesyy availability in Tidep Potentio® & Binebse onesgy ase the tus eresyy Componente of tide wave g, ¥ poterhal enexyy, Er rn energy iss S4aS2 dz grocer ye = pea x deni EF os Sg hh AS Fea awea dew compte. Be verticel Coadmebe of $4 = IOVS N/m Becan Purhace, . bee Wh etide Amplitude : i — sob he eT R Kinetic enesyy Er mn= mAbS Ey = ose oN = Velocity . % Tide power Je given ag P= f g A Te Tide® persed ~ar He tidad ranget @ Agpuee Sa pode kyloe LT=6h sesso KR Tide power Tq Grened rear = 3 a eos SATLN Mpa combined CFF ICTE NE Regen, woke CS electeic wine , My. SHINARAT. 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Table 11.2 provides for tidal power generation. ‘AverageTide Basin Area (m?) Estimated Power “in Hoogali, Chhatarpur, and Puri on Eastern coast may be wort ‘Nevertheless, the possibility of developing tidal power scheme in India may be examined in the following all aspects: ity. There is an ample prospect for Economic aspects of tidal power schemes when'compared to the conventional schemes. Problems associated with the construction and operation of plant. Problems related to the hyd inthe power output. Environmental effects of the schemes. ie balance ofthe system in order to minimize the fluctuation f= 11.5 LEADING COUNTRY IN TIDAL POWER i Height (om) Potential (MW) . i oe fon ____ PLANT INSTALLATION pas 0 5 | Worldwide installed capacity of few counties are approximately sown in Table 11.4 eae aa aa ie Table 11.4 Installed Tidal Power Capacities of Few Countries, Carolina Bay 47 90 480 ; Mezen 56 2640 15,000 “Country Sie Location totaled Capacity @1W) { ‘ger 538 1.080 6790 France La Rance 24 bulbype rurbines, each of 10 MW rating, Tal = 240 MW Severn a3 490 6900 UK TheSevem Barge A total of 214 turbines each of 40 MW rating. Total = 8,560 MW i Mersey 84 0 700 Russia Kislaya Guba oamw i Cook alt 435 3.100 1,000 Canada Annapolis 1eMw Passamaquoddy 535 300 400 China a9mw ‘Souce: NONA Feder