SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMETICS

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING, UITM

KAMPUS ARAU, PERLIS

DIPLOMA OF SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMATICS -RCFAP120

GSS 160

PREPARED BY:
NUM NAME NO.MATRIC
1. AKMAL HAZIQ BIN MOHD 2022487064
2. MUHAMMAD ADAM
HAKIMI BIN MOHD RASIDI 2022825766
3. MUHAMMAD IQBAL BIN
MOHAMAD NAZARI 2022600878
4. MUHAMMAD NAZRUL
HAKIMI BIN MUHAMAD
FADZLI 2022892412
5. MUHAMMAD AZHAR BIN
MAT DARUS 2022493236
6. NUR ALYAFIRZANAH
ADELINE BINTI BADARUL
HISSAM 2022897476

PREPARED FOR:
DR NAZIRAH BINTI MD TARMIZI
Introduction of tacheometry and levelling
1.1 Summary of project

Introduction of tacheometry:
-Tacheometric survey (Tacheometry) is a branch of surveying in which horizontal and vertical
distance of points are obtained by optical measurement avoiding ordinary and slower process of
measurement tape. Tacheometric surveys are usually performed to produce contour and details
plans for further work, or to produce coordinates for area and volume calculations. Observation
are usually performed from known survey stations, often established by traversing

Objective of tacheometry :
-Produce the topographic and detail plan of the proposed area using surveying software.

Introduction of levelling :
- Levelling is a method to measure the elevation difference between two (2) or more points. In
this practical, focus is shifted to one of levelling techniques namely, fly level observation or also
known as the rise and fall method . The observation will be initiated from a known reduced level
(RL) value of a benchmark (BM) and end at another known RL value of BM. In between the
BMs, a number of change points (Cs) will be set up to observe the fore sight reading and the
back sight reading of each stationed staves and the values are booked. Upon completion of the
observation, the RL values will be calculated and booked. After the RL values are known, three
(3) arithmetical checks will be calculated to ensure the precision of the works. Consequently, the
adjustment value can be computed where this value will be distributed accordingly to each
station. Finally, the adjusted RL values are booked and the misclosure will be calculated to be
compared with the adjusted values to determine whether the levelling

Objective of levelling :
1. To carry out fly level observation (Rise and Fall method) from bench mark
(BM) to temporary bench mark (TBM).
2. To compute the transferred RS from BM to TBM.
3. To adjust and check the levelling data.
1.2 Site location
- our site at road behind the cafeteria Kesinai

2.0 Theory
Route curve design
- What is a Horizontal Curve? € Provides a transition between two tangent lengths of roadway.

- (Point of Curvature at beginning of curve)

- (Point of Intersection of tangents)

- (Point of Tangency at end of curve)

3.0 Personeel and equipment
3.1 Personeel
-In our group have a 6 individu which Akmal,Adeline,Nazrul,Azhar and Iqbal.We assigned to do
taceometry and precise levelling at road behind the Cafeteria Kesinai as site location which is
shown on 1.2
3.2 Equipment or instrument used for do tacheometry and levelling

Staff levelling
- to determine the difference in height between points or heights of points above a
vertical datum.

Mini Prism
-act as focal points for a wide variety of electronic distance-measuring equipment
(EDM), for improved accuracy during surveying.

Theodolite
-measuring angles both horizontally and vertically

Tripod
- to support any one of a number of surveying instruments, such as theodolites, total
stations, levels or transits.
4.0 Procuder of works

4.1 Tacheometry
Tacheometry or detail survey is a continuation of traversing and levelling wherein all the detail
are observe from the traverse point with (x, y, h).
• All the traverse point had the reduced level from the levelling.
• The levelling data of traverse point is referred.
1) All the details including topography and man-made features have observed.
2) The instrument was setup over the traverse (i.e. station 4). The pole with mini prism was put
at the back sight (station 1) and foresight (station 3).
3) The temporary adjustment (levelling, cantering) over the point was performed.
4) The height of instrument (IH) was measured and recorded.
5) The bearing for line 4-1 was set as datum. The distance of station
4-station 1 was measured and recorded. Used a final bearing from traverse sheet.
6) A pole was used as a target over the point. The pole height (HT) is measured, and the reading
was recorded.
7) The horizontal bearing (HR), horizontal distance (HD) and vertical distance and height
difference (VD) for each observation was recorded.
8) All the features surrounding the station 4 were observed. We A make sure the HT was
measured and recorded for each observation.
9) The instrument was moved to the next station ( station 2). The bearing for line 2-3 was set as
a datum. The process was repeated and all the features from station 2 were observed. The IH at
each station setup was measured.
10) Additional control point must be setup when it found missing or disturbed; or obstruction of
the features from observed
4.2 Levelling

The levelling procedure is performed by taking a backsight reading to a levelling staff placed vertically at
a benchmark, then reading a foresight on a staff placed on a point whose height is to be determined.
 5.0 Computation and data reduction
5.1 horizontal control
BEARING/ SUDUT GARISAN Sudut
Dari Suhu Jarak Jarak Muktamat
Penyilang Kiri Penyilang Purata Bearing Ke Pugak (±) Jarak Antara
Stesen Kanan Stn. Muktamat Stn. Tupang
Datum 2-1 00 00 00 2 1 92 11 25 25.273
from
PKT PKT 272 11 25 (25.273)

1 0 00 00 180 00 00 255 34 59 2 318 16 40 3 20.535

2 C + 11.67" PKT PKT (20.535)

3 255 34 59 75 35 01

2 75 35 00 255 35 00 5 03 02 3 307 06 45 4 20.365

3 C + 23.34” PKT PKT (20.365)

4 5 03 02 185 03 01

3 185 03 02 5 03 02 358 14 19 4 101 36 29 5 21.908

4 C + 35.01” PKT PKT (21.908)

5 358 14 19 178 14 21

4 178 14 20 358 14 20 49 16 30 5 131 30 26 6 25.034

5 C + 46.68" PKT PKT (25.034)

6 49 16 30 229 16 29

5 229 16 30 49 16 30 179 20 11 6 132 35 52 1 27.794

6 C + 58.35” PKT PKT (27.794)

1 179 20 11 359 20 09

6 359 20 10 179 20 10 179 58 50 1 270 49 01 2 27.273

1 C + 1’10.02” PKT PKT (25.273)

2 179 58 50 359 58 50

Bearing di baca 1-2 179 58 50 LM 2 R7

 sepatutnya 180 00 00 LM 2 R1

tikaian -0º 1’10 ” dalam 6stn melalui 2, 3,4,5, 6,1,2

+0º 0’11.67”

5.2 Vertrical control

BACKSIGHT INTERMEDIATE FORESIGHT RISE FALL REDUCE DISTANCE REMARK

(BS) (IS) (FS) (+) (-) LEVEL(RL) (m)
1.695 20.000 10
1.974 1.000 0.695 20.695 10
1.768 1.190 0.784 21.479 10
1.380 1.380 0.388 21.867 6.5
1.226 1.770 0.390 21.477 10
1.084 2.023 0.797 20.680 10
1.764 0.680 20.000 10
9.127 9.127 1.867 1.867
0.000
5.3 Detail survey

STN/POINT BEARING PUGAK SLOPE Ht Pc Comment

Pt# (Hz Cir) (Vt Cir) DISTANCE
1001 138 01 45 89 25 10 49.702 Ch 25
1002 130 36 04 89 27 49 50.114 Jalan
1003 124 19 39 89 38 35 50.672 Ank Pokok
1004 116 23 17 89 43 08 52.778 Pokok Besar
1005 138 46 04 89 27 13 24.702 Ch 50
1006 123 14 12 89 42 54 25.434 Jalan
1007 111 18 26 89 52 57 27.234 Ground
1008 99 07 16 90 11 50 30.737 Lower Ground
1009 47 31 41 91 22 05 6.350 Ch 75
1010 47 31 41 90 54 32 11.567 Ground
1011 47 31 41 91 31 27 26.574 Bucu Tasik
1012 227 31 39 91 48 16 4.195 Longkang Atas
1013 227 31 41 100 30 50 4.997 Longkang Dalam
1014 227 31 41 91 45 53 5.459 Longkang Belakang
1015 227 31 43 81 42 26 6.423 Pagar
1016 144 44 41 89 22 16 74.247 Pokok Besar Kanan
1017 130 30 36 89 28 46 74.084 Anak Pokok
1018 121 41 01 89 36 40 72.695 Kerusi
1019 115 47 58 89 42 36 53.135 Pokok Besar Kiri
1020 108 55 20 90 02 52 41.885 Pokok Besar
1021 104 58 29 90 04 15 35.415 Kerusi
1022 121 57 11 89 52 55 26.968 Papan Tanda
1023 136 46 06 89 41 48 25.813 Jalan
1024 123 13 40 89 43 53 23.523 Jalan
1025 142 17 24 89 44 08 20.471 Pokok
1026 142 52 06 89 29 40 28.250 Tiang Lampu
1027 140 17 26 89 31 40 30.625 Pokok
1028 146 15 45 90 07 39 10.594 Spotlight
1029 157 46 57 90 21 10 11.928 Longkang
1030 157 33 00 89 42 20 5.527 Anak Pokok
1031 84 52 41 90 15 26 23.468 Pokok
1032 81 26 42 90 45 13 17.061 Anak Pokok
1033 94 01 30 91 00 19 7.970 Jalan
1034 135 23 05 92 42 05 2.817 Jalan
1035 184 34 37 92 13 26 3.142 Pokok
1036 54 02 12 90 30 31 20.998 Pokok
1037 68 48 33 91 21 14 26.048 Pokok
1038 72 26 12 90 56 28 10.434 Anak Pokok
6.0 Conclussion
6.1 Comment
-Tacheometric surveying is preferred over chain or tape surveying. It is faster and more
convenient, especially in hard terrains such as broken grounds, deep ravines, swampy areas,
stretches of water bodies
-Levelling in surveying is the process of determining the height of one level relative to
another. It is used to establish the elevation of a point relative to a datum, or to establish a
point at a given elevation relative to a datum

6.2 Suggestion
-My advive is tacheometry method it is a very quick method. No chains or tapes are required
to measure the horizontal distance. It is an economical method. It can be used for any
terrain, including hilly areas, rough grounds, marshy and swampy lands, as well as stretches
of river.
-My recommendation levelling is beneficial because it helps surveyors or cartographers to
create contour maps of land sea levels. this is because it defines benchmarks It helps
pipeline transport engineers to ensure the appropriate ground gradient that will allow the
smooth movement of liquids in transit, water and liquids for example.

6.3 Conclusion
Tacheometry - In conclusion, after completing this project we can know the object detail in
our area. Then we use trim map software to analyse our data and we can know the result. To
avoid errors, we must be carefully when using the theodolite and careful when taking the
readings. Lastly, after we get contour, we know the height of the ground and its datum. In
engineering field, we use contour to determine the ground level is suitable for construction
work or not.
Levelling = We manage to carry out fly level observation from Benchmark (BM) to Temporary
Benchmark (TBM). All the readings data were booked by the rise and fall method and
arithmetical check was applied in fly level method for verify the accuracy of calculation.is the
arithmetical check to verify the accuracy of calculation. The levelling was done from a known
BM to unknown TBM and reversed to the known BM again. Then we compute the
transferred level from BM to TBM and compute the level back to the BM to check our data is
correct.