Structural analysis of unitized Glazing
Client : Façade Consultant : -
Sl.no REV no Date Description Remarks
Structural calculation for DUG
1 0 04.07.2024
system
Table of Contents
Design Criteria 3
Loads 6
Check for the Mullion 9
Design Criteria
Design Criteria
Glazing & Metal works proposes to install unitized glazing system
This structural design report is prepared to evaluate structural performance of the glazing
system and its components and to ensure the total stability of the entire system using the provisions
of cited references codes and generally accepted industry practices.
The following is a summary of the properties of materials, structural performance and
serviceability requirements of the window wall system using semi unitised system.
Material Specifications
Aluminium Grade 6063-T6 (63400-H9-WP) as per IS 8147-1976
Steel Grade Fe-250 confirimg to IS 2062
Steel brackets, bolts & screws confirming to IS 800-2007, IS 2757-972, IS 2062
Mechanical Properties and Allowable stresses of Materials.
The following mechanical properties and allowable stresses are based on the above
mentioned codes and standards.
Properties of Aluminium, 63400-H9-WP
Referring to Table 1 of IS 8147-1976 we get
2
Modulus of elasticity = 69600 N/mm
3
Density = 2710 kg/m
Referring to Table 4 of IS 8147-1976 we get
2
Permissible axial stress in tension & compression = 85 N/mm
2
Permissible bending stress in tension & compression = 96 N/mm
2
Permissible shear stress = 51 N/mm
2
Permissible bearing stress = 139 N/mm
Properties of Steel, Grade 250
Referring to clause 2.2.4.1 of IS 800-2007
2
Modulus of elasticity = 200000 N/mm
3
Density = 7850 kg/m
2
where fy is characteristic yield strength = 250 N/mm
2
where fu is the Ultimate tensile stress = 410 N/mm
Properties of Glass
2
Modulus of elasticity = 71700 N/mm
3
Density = 2540 kg/m
Permissible Deflections for Aluminum Framing Members
Permissible deflection for the vertical aluminium framing members = L/175
(whichever is lesser)
Permissible deflection for the horizontal aluminium framing members = L/300 or 3.5 mm
(whichever is lesser)
Permissible Deflections for Glass panels
Permissible deflection for the glass panels = L/60 or 20 mm (whichever is lesser)
References & Publications
IS 8147 - 1976 for Design of Aluminium structures
IS 800 - 2007 for Design of steel structures
ASTM E1300 for Determining load resistance and deflection in the glass panels
AS1288 - 2006 for Glass in building selection & installation
Loads
Loads on the Structure
Dead load calculation
Glass weight
Glass thickness specification (6mm+12mmAG+6mm) = 24 mm
Width of the panel = 0.925 m
Height of the panel (Glass height for load calculation) = 1.59 m
2
Area of the panel = 1.47 m
3
Density of the glass = 2540 kg/m
Dead load of the glass = 89.66 kg
Individual Glass weight on each transom
Glass panel 1.59 x0.925m
Width of the glass = 0.925 m
Height of the glass = 1.59 m
2
Area of the glass = 1.47 m
3
Density of the glass = 2540 kg/m
Dead load of the glass = 89.66 kg
GL acting as 2 - Point loads at 150 mm from either end of transom 0.45 kN
Aluminium framing weight
consider self weigth in staad pro
Wind load calculation
Wind load = 2.93 kPa
Following are the loads and load combinations considered for the mullion analysis
1. Dead Load (DL)
2. Wind Load (WL)
101. Dead Load + Wind Load (1.0 DL + 1.0 WL)
Stress & Deflection analysis of critical glass panel
Verification of Glass panel - DGU
Based on the Shop drawing, each units consists of vision glass panel. For glass panel
verification, we have considered the max. size of glass panel. The Glass pane is verified
as per ASTM E1300-12a.
General Description and Dimension
Height of the glass,(maximum) H = 1590 mm
Width of the glass,(minimum) B = 925 mm
Eff. Height of the glass, a = 1560 mm (H-30)
Eff. Width of the glass, b = 895 mm (B-30)
Thickness of Glass layer t = 24.0 mm (6+12mm Thk Air gap+6)
Thickness of Outer Layer "t1" = 6.0 mm Thk HS Glass
Thickness of the Air gap ""t2" = 12.0 mm Thk Air gap
Thickness of Inner Layer "t3" = 6.0 mm Thk HS Glass
Load Calculation
Dead Load
Dead load acting on panel, DL = Self weight of glass
Wind Load
Max. Wind pressure WL = 2.93KPa
Partial safety factor "γf" = 1.5
3 3 3
Load sharing factor for layer-1(t1), LS1 = (t1 +t3 ) / t1 = 2.00
From: ASTM 1300-12a,X 3
3 3 3
Load sharing factor for layer-3(t3), LS3 = (t1 +t3 ) / t3 = 2.00
Wind pressure on layer-1(t1), q1 = WL/LS1 = 1.47KPa
Wind pressure on layer-3(t3), q3 = WL/LS3 = 1.47KPa
i) Verification of glass Layer (1) 6mm Thk HS Glass
Glass type = Heat strengthened
Glass type factor (GTF1) = 1.8 (HS = 1.8, FT = 3.6)
Glass type factor (GTF2) = 1.8 (HS = 1.8, FT = 3.6)
Eff. Height of the glass, a = 1560 mm
Eff. Width of the glass, b = 895 mm
From the Non factored Load Chart, (From ASTM E1300-12a)
Non factored Load (NFL) = 2.75 kPa
Check for strength (Short duration Load) (Layer 1) (From ASTM E1300-12a)
From the Non factored Load Chart, 6mm Thk HS Glass
Non factored Load (NFL1) = 2.75 kPa
Wind pressure of the layer "t1" with factor "γf*q1" = 2.20 kPa
Load resistance of the glass lite (LR) = NFL1*GTF1 = 4.95 kPa > 2.20 Kpa , therefore OK
Check for deflection
Longest Span of the Glass (a) = 1560 mm
Shortest Span of the Glass (b) = 895 mm
Aspect ratio of the Glass (AR) = 1.74
Load acting on the glass layer "q1" = 1.47KPa
Young's modulus of the glass "Eg" = 71700 MPa = 71700000 KPa
Effective Thickness of the glass panel "teff" = 5.56 mm
Allowable deflection of the Glass (δall) = Shortest Span/90 or 15mm max
= 9.94 mm
x = ln(ln((q*(ab)^2)/(Et^4))) = 1.32
ro = 0.553-3.83(a/b)+1.11(a/b)^2-0.0969(a/b)^3 = -3.3
r1 = -2.29+5.83(a/b)-2.17(a/b)^2+0.2067 (a/b)^3 = 2.37
r2 = 1.485-1.908(a/b)+0.815(a/b)^2-0.0822(a/b)^3 = 0.2
Centre span defelction "w" = t*exp(r0+r1*x+r2*x^2) = 6.845 mm
OK - Less than Allowable
ii) Verification of glass Layer (2) 6mm Thk HS Glass
Glass type = Heat strengthened
Glass type factor (GTF1) = 1.8 (HS = 1.8, FT = 3.6)
Glass type factor (GTF2) = 1.8 (HS = 1.8, FT = 3.6)
Eff. Height of the glass, a = 1560 mm
Eff. Width of the glass, b = 895 mm
From the Non factored Load Chart, (From ASTM E1300-12a)
Non factored Load (NFL) = 2.75 kPa
Check for strength (Short duration Load) (Layer 2) (From ASTM E1300-12a)
From the Non factored Load Chart, 6mm Thk HS Glass
Non factored Load (NFL2) = 2.75 kPa
Wind pressure of the layer "t1" with factor "γf*q3" = 2.20 kPa
Load resistance of the glass lite (LR) = NFL2*GTF2 = 4.95 kPa > 2.20 Kpa , therefore OK
Check for deflection
Longest Span of the Glass (a) = 1560 mm
Shortest Span of the Glass (b) = 895 mm
Aspect ratio of the Glass (AR) = 1.74
Load acting on the glass layer "q3" = 1.47KPa
Young's modulus of the glass "E g" = 71700 MPa = 71700000 KPa
Effective Thickness of the glass panel "t eff" = 5.56 mm
Allowable deflection of the Glass (δall) = Shortest Span/90 or 15mm max
= 9.94 mm
x = ln(ln((q*(ab)^2)/(Et^4))) = 1.32
ro = 0.553-3.83(a/b)+1.11(a/b)^2-0.0969(a/b)^3 = -3.3
r1 = -2.29+5.83(a/b)-2.17(a/b)^2+0.2067 (a/b)^3 = 2.37
r2 = 1.485-1.908(a/b)+0.815(a/b)^2-0.0822(a/b)^3 = 0.2
Centre span defelction "w" = t*exp(r0+r1*x+r2*x^2) = 6.845 mm
OK - Less than Allowable
Conclusion : Glass panel satisfies both Strength and Serviceability criteria
Check for Setting block stability
AS per AS 1288-2006 page no 89
The length of each setting block shall be 25 x glass area = 25 x 3.7 = 92.5 mm
material width 90-100 shore A is recommended.
Provide 120 m setting block
Setting Block Distance from corner of the Glass = L/4 =230mm
Stability calculation for structural sealant for panel 2.5m x 2 m
Following are the loading details for the calculation of sealant
Design basis
Width of the glass w = 925 mm
Height of the glass h = 1590 mm
The minimum dimension for the sealant bite Hmc = 12 mm
Glue line thickness considered for the analysis e = 6 mm
The verification of the sealant are carried out according to the indications in order to
verofy the minimum sealant joint thickness and minimum stress in ssealant.
Characteristics of the structural sealant
Silicon type DC
Young's modulus Ey = 1400 MPa
Allowable designed tensile stress without rotation σa = 138 MPa
Allowable designed shear stress without rotation Ta = 90 MPa
Design wind pressure = 1.2 kPa
Check for sealant bite for the applied loads
0.5 x short span of the glass (mm) x wind load (kPa)
Minimum silicon bite required =
Allowable designed tensile stress without rotation
Minimum silicon bite required = 6.91 mm
Silicon bite provided = 12 mm Hence, Safe
Check for sealant thickness for the applied loads
V * Ey
Minimum sealant thickness =
3 * Ta
where V is constant value = 1.1
Minimum sealant thickness = 5.70 mm
Sealant thickness provided = 6 mm Hence, Safe
Check for sealant stress due to applied loads
Maximum tensile stress in the sealant 0.5 x short span of the glass (mm) x wind load (kPa)
=
without rotation, σ1 The minimum dimension for the sealant bite
σ1 = 79.50 MPa
< 138 MPa Hence, Safe
Maximum shear stress in the sealant 467 * V
=
without rotation, e
= 85.62 MPa
< 90 MPa Hence, Safe
Thus, sealant is safe for the applied loads, the structural bite of 18 mm & thickness of 6 mm
Check for the Mullion
Check for Mullion for 3.4m height & 2.93 kPa wind load
Spacing of the mullion (Left side) SL = 0.925 m
Spacing of the mullion (Right side) SR = 0.75 m
Span of the mullion (max bracket to bracket distance) H = 3.4 m
Effective spacing of the mullion Sef = 0.8375 m
Forces on the mullion
Wind pressure considered w = 2.93 kPa
Design parameters and constants (IS 8147-1976)
Aluminium alloy (6063-T6) = 63400-H9-WP
2
Modulus of elasticity = 69600 N/mm
3
Density = 2710 kg/m
2
Tensile yield strength = 155 N/mm
2
Ultimate tensile strength = 190 N/mm
Permissible stresses (IS 8147-1976)
Permissible Axial stress = 85 N/mm2
Permissible Bending stress (comp & tension) = 96 N/mm2
Permissible Shear stress = 51 N/mm2
Mullion Section Properties
Mullion Section Properties
LOADS
Dead Loads
Wind Load
Deflections
Bending, Shear and Axial
DESIGN OF UNITIZED SYSTEM
A.DESIGN OF MULLION AS PER IS 8147
Al 6063-T6 (63400-WP Permissible Stress AL 6063-T6 (63400 -WP)
3
Density (kN/m ) ρAL = 27.1 Axial Stress (N/mm2Fa = 85.00
Elastic Modulus (N/mm2) EAL =
2
65500 Bending Stress (N/mm Fb = 96.00
2
yeild Strength (N/mm ) fyAL = 155 Shear Stress (N/mm2Fv = 51.00
Ultimate Strength (N/mm2) fuAL = 190 Bearing Stress (N/mm2Fbr = 139.00
Wind Pressure Mullion Span width of left Panel width of Right Panel
2.62 2500 2000 2000
Profile Properties Mullion MS stiffener AL + MS
Area (mm )2 A = 1397 1397.00
Major M.O.I (mm4) Ix = 2679307.75 2679307.75
Minor M.O.I (mm ) 4 Iy = 815311.53 815311.53
n
Sec modulus (mm ) 3 Zx = 33266.80 33266.80
n
Sec modulus (mm ) 3 Zy = 22960.05 22960.05
s
Rad of gyration(mm) rx = 43.79
Rads of gyration(mm) ry = 24.16
Centroid (mm) x = 35.51
Centroid (mm) y = 80.54
Depth (mm) d = 115
Width (mm) b = 70
Thickness (mm) t1 = 2
Thickness (mm) t2 = 2
Distributio
Major Minor Major Minor Def Def
n BM SF/AF Axial
BM BM SF SF Limit actual
Factor
Aluminum' Mz Mz Vz Vy
P(kN) ∂x (mm)
dm' 1.00 1.00 (kN.m) (kN.m) (kN) (kN) ∂ (mm)
2.93 0 5.43 0 2.71 19.4286 12.70
Steel ds 0.00 0.00 Refer STAAD Analysis > 12.70 mm, SAFE
Axial
Major BM Minor BM Major SF Minor SF Check
σa
MULLION
STRESS CHECK σbz (N/mm2) σby (N/mm2) σvz (N/mm2) σvy (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
88.08 0.00 11.80 0.00 1.94
< 85.00
< 96.00 SAFE < 96.00 SAFE < 51.00 SAFE < 51.00 SAFE
SAFE
EQUATION USED
Setting block location = (w1 or w2) / 4
∂ = L/175 σbz = Mz*106 / Zx σby = My*106 / Zy
σvz = Vz*103 / (2*d*t) σvy = Vy*103 / (2*b*t) σa = P*103 / A
Mullion Buckling Check
Effective Length Slenderness Ratio Slender Check - IS 8147 : 8.1.1.1
Lx = 3400 mm ʎx = 77.64 ʎ = 77.64 Maximum (ʎx,ʎy)
Ly = 1590 mm ʎy = 65.82 < 180 SAFE
Permissible Bending Compressive Stress in Beam
Depth/width
Lateral length Profile Depth Profile width ratio Thk ratio
Lf (mm) a b a/b t2/t1
1590 115 70 1.64 1.00
For Rectangular Hollow section (Fig 9)Slenderness ratio for Lateral BucklingAllowable σbc
Klat ʎat Fig 2 (N/mm2)
3 14.30 96
Combined Bending & Axial Tension (IS 8147 :7.5.1)
σbz σby P 88.08 0 1.94
+ + = + + 0.94
σbc σbc Fa 96 96 85
Combined Bending & Shear (IS 8147 :7.5.3)
2 2
[ σbz2+ 3σvz2]0.5 = 90.42 N/mm < 139.5 N/mm (0.9*fyAL)
2 2
[ σby2+ 3σvy2]0.5 = 0.00 N/mm < 139.5 N/mm (0.9*fyAL)
EQUATION USED
Lx = Ly = L ʎx = Lx / rx ʎy = Ly / ry
Lf = Ly ʎat = Klat*(Lf/b)0.5
