1

1stSemister important questions with Answers

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MANAGERS

1. Explain the Meaning & Nature of IT?

Information Technology means the use of technology to collect, constructs, interchange and
utilized information in its many forms.

According to Information Technology association of America (ITAA):-

Information, technology (it) is the study, design, development, implementation, support or

management of computer or management of computer based information.

IT covers the following areas:

1. Computer hardware and software

2. Information management
3. Computer networking
4. Database system design
5. Software development
6. Information system
Basic knowledge based industry; IT has tremendous potential of becoming an Engine
of accelerated economic growth productivity improvement for all sectors of the economy
and means of efficient governance.
It provides tremendous employment potential and linkages between government and
the people both at the rural and urban level.
The scope of information technology is largely dependent on the environment of
the organization in which it is being deployed. The various environmental factors are social
customs, management economic conditions.

It enhances access to information.preotects consumers ,provides access to

government services , makes skill formation and training more effective ,improves delivery
health services, and promotes transperency.it provides tremendous employment.
 2

o Explain the value-driven, socio-technical, project management, and knowledge management

approaches that support ITPM.
o Define what a project is and describe its attributes.
o Define the discipline called project management.
o Describe the role and impact IT projects have on an organization.

If we can call the modernist worldview scientific, we can call the postmodern worldview
technological. Through developing a scientific worldview, the modernist point of view strives for
dissolving the situation-dependent nature of human knowledge, and creating a unified universal
interpretation of them. The development of the modern worldview, involved looking for and
marking out a place for man. The searching modernist activity is scientific; the result of the search
is technological by nature.

2. What roles does it play in the various sectors? Explain the various
strategies required for gaining advantages of it?

Information technology is now playing a vital role in the lives of people. It has revolutionized,
the way one used to live.

ROLE OF IT IN VARIOUS SECTORS

EDUCATION
BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

ENTERTAINMENT
MEDICINE

1. Education:-the field of educational is now witnessing a revolution which was never

expected. Some of its applications in educations are as below.

i) Access To Variety Of Learning Resources: - It Aids Plenty Of Resources To Enhance The

Teaching Skills And Learning Ability.

ii) Any Time Learning: - One Can Study Whenever He/She Wills Irrespective Of Whether It Is Day
or Night and Irrespective

iii) Collaboration Learning:- it has made it easy to study as well as teach in groups or in cluster.

2. Business and industry:-Information technology has revolutionized the phase of business

around the world. Local businesses have become international due to a simple website.
 3

i) Customer relations: - It affects the way companies communicate and establish relations with their
clients. In a fast moving and business environment.
ii) Business operations:-With the use of technological innovations, business owners and
entrepreneur understand their cash flow better.
iii) Industrial productivity:- through the use of business software programs or software packages, it
automated traditional manufacturing process.
iv) Business mobility: - Technological innovations improved companies’ sales and services shorted
lead time on receiving and delivering goods.

3. Entertainment: - It has changed the lifestyle of most people. The convergence of various
technologies has created various options for entertainment like games , streaming music
and video digital television broadcast satellite radio animated movies etc. Which can be
accessed with the help of mobile phones?
4. Medicine: - Information technology plays an important role in Medicine. Orr example, a
scanner takes a series of pictures of the body by means of computerized axial tomography
(CAT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

3. Define DBMS? What are the advantages and disadvantage?

A database management system (DBMS) is a software package designed to define,
manipulate, retrieve and manage data in a database. A DBMS generally manipulates the data
itself, the data format, field names, record structure and file structure. It also defines rules to
validate and manipulate this data. A DBMS relieves users of framing programs for data
maintenance. Fourth-generation query languages, such as SQL, are used along with the DBMS
package to interact with a database.

Advantages of Database Management System (DBMS)

1. Improved data sharing

An advantage of the database management approach is, the DBMS helps to create an
environment in which end users have better access to more and better-managed data.
Such access makes it possible for end users to respond quickly to changes in their environment.
2. Improved data security
The more users access the data, the greater the risks of data security breaches. Corporations
invest considerable amounts of time, effort, and money to ensure that corporate data are used
properly. A DBMS provides a framework for better enforcement of data privacy and security policies.
3. Better data integration

Wider access to well-managed data promotes an integrated view of the organization’s

operations and a clearer view of the big picture. It becomes much easier to see how actions in one
segment of the company affect other segments.
4. Minimized data inconsistency

Data inconsistency exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places. For
example, data inconsistency exists when a company’s sales department stores a sales
representative’s name as “Bill Brown” and the company’s personnel department stores.
 4

5. Improved data access

The DBMS makes it possible to produce quick answers to ad hoc queries. From a database
perspective, a query is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation—for example, to
read or update the data. Simply put, a query is a question, and an ad hoc query is a spur-of-the-
moment question.
6. Improved decision making

Better-managed data and improved data access make it possible to generate better-quality
information, on which better decisions are based. The quality of the information generated depends
on the quality of the underlying data.
7. Increased end-user productivity
The availability of data, combined with the tools that transform data into usable information,
empowers end users to make quick, informed decisions that can make the difference between
success and failure in the global economy.

Disadvantages of Database Management System (DBMS):

1. Increased costs
One of the disadvantages of DBMS is Database systems require sophisticated hardware and
software and highly skilled personnel. The cost of maintaining the hardware, software, and
personnel required to operate and manage a database system can be substantial.
2. Management complexity
Database systems interface with many different technologies and have a significant impact
on a company’s resources and culture. The changes introduced by the adoption of a
database system must be properly managed to ensure that they help advance the
company’s objectives.
3. Maintaining currency
To maximize the efficiency of the database system, you must keep your system current.
Therefore, you must perform frequent updates and apply the latest patches and security
measures to all components.
Because database technology advances rapidly, personnel training costs tend to be
significant. Vendor dependence. Given the heavy investment in technology and personnel
training, companies might be reluctant to change database vendors.
4. Frequent upgrade/replacement cycles
DBMS vendors frequently upgrade their products by adding new functionality. Such new
features often come bundled in new upgrade versions of the software. Some of these
versions require hardware upgrades. Not only do the upgrades themselves cost money, but
it also costs money to train database users and administrators to properly use and manage
the new features.
 5

4. Write a short note on:

i) DDL ii) DML
i) Data Definition Language (DDL):- DDL is used for specifying the database schema. Let’s take SQL
for instance to categorize the statements that comes under DDL.

 To create the database instance – CREATE

 To alter the structure of database – ALTER
 To drop database instances – DROP
 To delete tables in a database instance – TRUNCATE
 To rename database instances – RENAME

All these commands specify or update the database schema that’s why they come under Data
Definition language.

1) CREATE TABLE:-The create table statement is used to create tables to store data.
Syntax:
CREATE TABLE Table_Name
(
Column_Name 1 Data_Type,
Column_Name 2 Data_Type
………………..
);

2) ALTER TABLE:- The ALTER TABLE command is used to change definitions of existing tables.
Syntax:
ALTER TABLE Employee
ADD (tel_number integer);
i) Data Manipulation Language (DML):- DML commands let users insert data into the database,
modify and delete the data in the database.
Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used for managing data in database.
DML commands are not auto-committed. It means changes made by DML command are not
permanent to database, it can be rolled back.

1) INSERT command
Insert command is used to insert data into a table. Following is its general syntax,
INSERT into table-name values (data1, data2,)
Let’s see an example,
Consider a table Student with following fields.

S_id S_Name age

INSERT into Student values (101,'Adam', 15);

The above command will insert a record into Student table.

S_id S_Name age

101 Adam 15
 6

2) UPDATE command
Update command is used to update a row of a table. Following is its general syntax,
UPDATE table-name set column-name = value where condition;
Let’s see an example,
Update Student set age=18 where S_id=102;

S_id S_Name age

101 Adam 15

Example to update multiple columns

UPDATE Student set S_Name='Abhi', age=17 where s_id=103;
The above command will update two columns of a record.

S_id S_Name age

101 Adam 15

3) Delete command
Delete command is used to delete data from a table. Delete command can also be used with
condition to delete a particular row. Following is its general syntax,
DELETE from table-name;
Example to Delete all Records from a Table
DELETE from Student;
The above command will delete all the records from Student table.
Example to Delete a particular Record from a Table
Consider the following Student table

S_id S_Name age

101 Adam 15

5. Discussing the components and features of MS-Office 2007?

Features of MS-Office 2007:-
Following are the some basic features of MS Office 2007
Features of MSOffice 2007

Microsoft Office Button

Office Assistance

Quick Access Toolbar

Ribbon

Select Text Mini Toolbar

Status Bar
 7

1. Microsoft Office Button:-A button available in Microsoft Office 2007 and introduced along with
the new Ribbon feature. The Office button is found in the top-left corner of Excel, Word, and other
Office 2007 program windows and looks like the picture to the right.

2. Office Assistance: - The Office Assistant was an intelligent user interface for Microsoft Office that
assisted users by ... The feature was removed altogether in Office 2007 and Office 2008 for Mac, as it
continued to draw criticism from even Microsoft employees.

3. Quick Access Toolbar:- The Quick Access Toolbar is a customizable toolbar that contains a set of
commands that are independent of the tab on the ribbon that is currently displayed.

4. Ribbon: - The major change in the MS office view is the Ribbon. Ribbon is working in the place of
menus and toolbar.
1. Home
2. Insert
3. Page layout
4. References and etc.
5. Select Text Mini Toolbar:-This toolbar is a kind of context menu which , automatically appears
when users selects any text .

6. Status Bar: - Status bar is located on the right side of the screen. The status bar contains the
following options:

Components of Microsoft Office:-The main components. Office 2007 is a suite of eleven

applications, though some editions do not include all of them. These are MS-WORD, MS-EXCEL, MS-
POWERPOINT, MS-ACCESS, MS-OUTLOOK, MS-PUBLISHERS

1. MS-Word:-This application software is used to create and edit the letters, resumes, newsletters
etc.
2. MS-Excel:-Excel is used a spread sheet program, generally used to generate the payroll, balance a
cheque book etc.
3. MS-PowerPoint:-It is very useful when organization or individual needs to create a presentation
for some specific reason.
4. MS-Access:-It is used to manage the company database. One can easily search, reference,
compare, change or manipulate.
5. MS-Outlook:-It is application software, used to manage the organization or individual’s emails.
6. MS-Publishers: - This application software is used to create brouchers, flayers and business cards.
 8

6. What is workbook and work sheet? Write the steps of create and saving a
work book?
Workbook and work sheet:- A Microsoft Office Excel workbook is a file that contains one or more
worksheets that you can use to organize various kinds of related information. To create a new
workbook, you can open a blank workbook. You can also base a new workbook on an
existing workbook, the default workbook template, or any other template.

Working with Workbook:-

One can perform many tasks on a workbook like,

Working with Workbook

Creating New Workbook

Saving Workbook

Opening a Workbook

1. Creating New Workbook:-

1. Click Microsoft Office Button, and then click New.
2. Under Templates, make sure that Blank and recent is selected, and then under Blank and
recent in the right pane, double-click Blank Workbook. Keyboard shortcut To quickly create a new,
blank workbook, you can also press CTRL+N.
 9

2. Saving Workbook:-
1. First click on the office button point to ‘Save As’ option and then click on
‘Excel Workbook’.
2. Type a name for the workbook and user can also select the file type In
“Save as Type”
3. Then click on the Save button to save the document in the secondary
disk.

3. Opening a Workbook:-
1. Click on the Office Button and select Open
2. The Open dialog box appears on the user’s screen.
3. Click on the file which you want to open. Then click on the Open button
or just double-click on the file’s icon.

7. What is data communication? Explain concepts of Data communication?

The transmission path often is the telephone line, due to its convenience and universal
preserve. To Define Data Communication. Data Communication is the exchange of data (in the form
of Os and 1s) between two devices via some form of transmission medium (such as a wire cable).

Data communication requires any type of network it may be peer to peer or many to
many connections. A communication system is considered to be better if its transmission rate is
higher with lower noise and power requirements are lower.

Data transmission is considered to be a subset of data communications with the use of

networking, communication applications and networking protocols.

Concepts for the Data Communications:-

1. Analog Data: - Continuous values within some interval; e.g.
sound, video.
2. Digital Data Signals: - Discrete values, e.g. text, integers.
 10

Continuous signal Various in a smooth way over time, may have

any values.
Discrete signal Maintains a constant level, then changes to another
constant level. May have one of some (e.g. two) level values. Mark
denotes signal for ‘1’ Space denotes signal for ‘0’ data

Amplitude
Maximum amplitude

Periodic signal:-
Presents a pattern repeated overtime.
Parameters of the Sinus Wave (analytical,
as function of time): A·sin (2_ft + f)
Peak Amplitude (A): the maximum
strength of signal, expressed in volts
Frequency (f): the rate of change of
signal, expressed in Hertz (Hz) or cycles
Per second
Period of the signal = time for one
repetition (T) T = 1/f
Phase (f): means the relative position in time
Wavelength (_): Distance between two points of corresponding phase in two
Consecutive cycles. Relations: l = VT; lf = v, where v: signal speed

Difference between Analog and Digital signals:-

Basis Analog signals Digital Signal

The analog waveforms are
Waveforms are recorded converted to numbers before
Technology as are using analog they are recorded the
technology numbers are then converted
into stream of voltages.
Information is represented The information is
Representation by continuous range of represented by discontinues
values. or discrete values.
Find application in a large
variety of computing devices
and operating systems like
Uses Computing and electronics.
Windows, Systems like
Windows, Unix, Mac OS and
Linux.

8. What is communication media? Explain the different types of

communication media?
Communication media:-The methods or tools in which information can be exchanged
and communication can be facilitated. Examples include telephone, television, e-mail, Web sites,
video conferencing, and instant messaging, to name a few. A collective term for all channels or
systems through which information is conveyed.
 11

Types of communication media:-

(A) Verbal communication:-Verbal communication is the expression or exchanged of
information or messages through written or oral words. Forms of verbal communication are as
follows:

1. Oral communication: Oral communication is the process of communication in which

messages or information is exchanged or communicated within sender and receiver through
the word of mouth. It can be divided into two ways: a. speaking b. Listening.
2. Written communication: Written communication is the process of communication in
which messages or information is exchanged or communicated within sender and receiver
through written form. It can be divided into two ways: a. writing b. Reading.
(B) Nonverbal communication: - nonverbal communication is the expression or exchanged of
information or messages through without using any spoken or written word. Some of the forms of
non-verbal communications are as follows
1. Facial expression 2. Gestures 3. Body language 4. Proximity 5. Touch 6. Appearance 7. Silence
8. Paralinguistic 9. Eye Gaze or eye contact etc.

9. What are the Emerging trends of IT?

Emerging trends of IT: - Information technology is now the leader in the game of the
technology; it is subject of revolution every moment, as it passes of. It has bought in new
trends which make it more and more sought after technology .No other technology has
achieved these heights, which is achieved by the information technology.

Emerging Trends in Information Technology

Artificial Intelligence
Multimedia technology

Telecommunicating
Social Media as Business Tool

Mobile Application
ERP

Big Data
Cloud Computing
 12

1. Artificial Intelligence: - One of the goals of using artificial intelligence is to remove the errors
involved with live humans. People are living, breathing, emotional, and sometimes
unpredictable. Artificial intelligence can be programmed to react the same way to a scenario—
without the risk of emotional or heated responses.

2. Multimedia technology: - Multimedia Communication Technology: Representation, Transmission

and Identification of Multimedia Signals. ... It covers the theoretical background of one- and
multidimensional signal processing, statistical analysis and modeling, coding and information theory
as well as estimation and classification theory.

3. Telecommunicating:- The virtual reality telecommunication system (VRTS) intends to

remove ... A new concept of multimedia communication is proposed to advance VRTS
research.

4. Social Media as Business Tool: - Data-driven social media management, marketing, and
publishing. Social Flow is a social media publishing and advertising tool used by many top publishers
such as The New York Times, National Geographical Channel, and Fast Company. Using Social Flow,
Fast Company was able to increase their Face book shares by 30 percent

5. Mobile Application: - Mobile app development is a term used to denote the act or process by
which a mobile app is developed for mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, enterprise
digital assistants or mobile phones.

6. ERP: - Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is the integrated management of core business
processes, often in real-time and mediated by software and technology. These business activities
can include:

 Product planning, purchase

 Production planning
 Manufacturing or service delivery
 Marketing and sales
 Materials management
 Inventory management
 Retail
 Shipping and payment
 Finance

7. Big Data: - Big data is a term that describes the large volume of data – both structured and
unstructured – that inundates a business on a day-to-day basis. But it's not the amount of data that's
important. ... Big data can be analyzed for insights that lead to better decisions and strategic
business moves.

8. Cloud Computing:- The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to
store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.
 13

10. What is ERP? Needs, Characteristics & Phases of ERP Implementation?

ERP: - Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is the integrated management of core business processes,
often in real-time and mediated by software and technology. These business activities can include:
Need of ERP: - The following benefits justify why ERP systems should be used:

1. Business Integration: - ERP systems integrate the business process because it updates data
automatically and also exchanges information among various applications.
2. Flexibility: - ERP systems have become popular as they are flexible in nature. It is possible to
manage various locations of a company as the system supports various languages.
3. Better Analysis and Planning Capabilities: - Enterprise fully uses various simulation functions and
decision support systems by enabling the management of related business and their data.
4. Use of Latest Technology: - ERP vendors realized that they have to embrace the latest
developments that are being introduced in the field of information technology.

CHARACTERISTICS: - Some of the most important features of ERP are as follows:

Characteristics of ERP

Accommodating Variety
Integrated Management Information

Seamless Integration
Supply Chain Management

Resource Management
Integrated Data Model

1. Accommodating Variety: - The ERP software has the ability to support multiple currencies as well
as Languages.

2. Integrated Management Information: - There is no need to depend on the information system

department as the ERP serves as a flexible reporting tool for extracting information as and when
required.

3. Seamless Integration: -Introduction of new products and changes in the existing products can be
fully integrated into the enterprise system.

4. Supply Chain Management: -For those enterprises that have multiple distribution networks and
manufacturing units, the end-to-end supply chain management is very crucial.

5. Resource Management: -It is necessary to effectively manage the human resources and
equipment of an enterprise. To ensure effective management of the equipment.

6. Integrated Data Model: -The creation of an integrated data model is the heart of any ERP system.
It is able to interchange the data Associated with the entire enterprise system and provide data to
customers, suppliers and employees.
 14

Phases of ERP Implementation:-

Company Pre-selection Screening ERP Vendors

Management

Package Evaluation

Project Planning

Gap Analysis Reengineering Configuration

Implementation Team Training Testing End-user Training

Going Live

Post-implementation phase

1. Pre- Evaluation Screening of Available packages:-There are number of ERP packages available to
satisfy the organizational needs.

2. Evaluation of Chosen Packages: - Since ERP implementation involves huge cost, so an

organization should pay attention at the time of ERP package selection.

3. Project Planning: -This phase involves the planning of ERP implementation,”what and how to
do?”This planning is carried out by the executive team.

4. Gap Analysis: - It is very important phase in ERP implementation .In this phase, Organisation
builds a complete model, where it decides:

i) What is the current position,

ii) Decide what action to be taken

5. Reengineering: - Following are the two fundamental reengineering inferences:

i) According to the first inference, ERP system is implemented to reduce the staffing.

ii) The second inference state is the implementation of ERP using BPR (Business Process
Reengineering)