9TH CLASS www.ignitephysics.

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MATTER AROUND US
Questions and Answers
EXERCISE: - 1 (Page No: 6)
1. Which of the following are matters?
Chain air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, lemon water, smell of perfume.
A) Chair, air, almonds, lemon water, and smell of perfume. (Diffusion)
2. Give reasons for the following Observation:
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several metres away but to get the smell from cold
food you have to go close.
A) (1) An increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance.
(2) This is why the smell of hot food can reach many meters away, the particles of hot food
have more kinetic energy and the rate of diffusion is higher than the particles of cold food.
3. A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does
this observation show?
A) (1) A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool.
(2) This shows that the particles of water have space between particles of the other and has
less force of attraction.
4. What are the characteristics of the particles of matter?
A) The characteristics of the particles of matter are:
(1) Particles have space between them.
(2) Particles of matter attract each other.
(3) Particles of matter are moving continuously.
EXERCISE: - 2 (Page No: 12)
1. The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density. (Density = mass/volume).
Arrange the following in order of increasing density-air, smoke exhaust from chimneys,
honey, water, chalk, cotton and iron.
A) Air < smoke exhaust from chimneys < water < honey < cotton < chalk < iron.
2. (A) Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter.
A)
Characteristics Solid Liquid Gases
1. Shape fixed shape no fixed shape no fixed shape
2. Volume fixed volume fixed volume no fixed volume
3. Rigidity/fluidity rigid, cannot flow can flow, not rigid can flow, not rigid
4. Intermolecular force maximum less than solids very less
5. Intermolecular space very less more than solids maximum
6. Compressibility negligible compressible highly compressible
(b) Comment upon the following:
Rigidity, Compressibility, Fluidity, Filling a gas container, Shape, Kinetic energy and Density.
A) Rigidity: It is defined as the tendency of matter to resist a change in shape. In solids –
Rigidity is very high. In liquids – lower than solids but higher than gases. In gases – very low.
Compressibility: It is defined as the ability to be reduced to a lower volume when force is
applied. In liquids – higher than solids but lower than gases. In gases – very high.

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9TH CLASS www.ignitephysics.net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

Fluidity: The physical property of a substance that enables it to flow is called fluidity. Liquid and
gases are examples of fluids.
Filling a gas container: By filling a gas container we mean the attainment of the shape of the
container by gas.
Shape: It defines a definite boundary.
Kinetic energy: It is defined as the energy possessed by a particle due to its motion.
Density: The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density. (density = mass/volume).
3. Give reasons
(a) A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
(b) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container,
(c) A wooden table should be called a solid.
(d) We can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a solid block of wood we
need a karate expert.
A) (a) The particles of gases have a low force of attraction between them. The particles are
freely moving in the vessel in when it is filled.
(b) The particles of gas have the least force of attraction. They are constantly moving randomly.
The particle of gas hits the walls of the container thereby applying force and hence pressure on
the wall.
(c) The wooden table has a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles of wood are
closely packed. Hence wooden table satisfies the properties of solid.
(d) Air particles are very loosely bound. They are far from each other, with a lot of space
between them. So we can easily move our hand in the air, but the particles in the block of wood
are held together by strong attractive forces. That's why we need a karate expert to do the
same
4. Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids.But you must have observed
that ice floats on water. Find out why.
A) Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids but ice floats on water. Because
the spaces between particles of ice are larger as compared to spaces in water molecules. Thus
the volume of ice is greater than water and the density of ice is less than of water. Hence ice
floats on water.
EXERCISE: - 3 (Page No: 18)
1. Convert the following temperature to Celsius scale:
a. 300 K b. 573 K
A) 273K =0℃
a) 300K =?℃, ℃ = 300 - 273 =27
300K = 27℃
b) 573K = ?℃, ℃ = 573 -273 =300
573K = 300℃
2. What is the physical state of water at :
a. 250°C b. 100°C?
A) (a) Water at 250℃ in gaseous state.
(b) Water at 100℃ either liquid or gaseous states.

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9TH CLASS www.ignitephysics.net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

3. For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state?
A) (1) Internal heat energy in matter is used to overcome attractive forces between particles of
matter.
(2) This internal heat is called Latent heat.
(3) Hence for any substance, the temperature remains constant when the state changes.
4. Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.
A) Atmospheric gases can be liquefied by
1. Increasing pressure
2. Decreasing temperature
(1) When the atmospheric gases are compressed under high pressure, the particles of the gas
come closer.
(2) Due to this, the space between the particles decreases.
(3) After applying a certain pressure, the particles of gases start attracting each other, resulting
in the formation of a liquid.
(4) When the change of state from gaseous to liquid takes place, a lot of heat is released.
(5) Hence, to take away this heat released during the process, the temperature is also
decreased.

EXERCISE – 4 (Page No: 20)

1. Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?
A) (1) Evaporation is inversely proportional to humidity, so the lesser the humidity and higher
the temperature, the faster the evaporation.
(2) So on a hot dry day, the humidity is less.
(3) So, water present inside the desert cooler evaporates more, thereby cooling the
surroundings more.
2. How does the water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summer?
A) (1) An earthen pot has a large number of tiny pores on its body.
(2) Hence, a small amount of water seeps out from these pores and gets evaporated from the
surface.
(3) The heat required for evaporation comes from water inside the pot
(4) Hence, the water inside the earthen pot keeps losing heat, thus remaining cool.
(5)Thus, water kept in an earthen pot (matka) becomes cool during summer.
3. Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?
A) (1) Acetone, petrol, and perfume evaporate at low temperatures.
(2) When some acetone, petrol, or perfume is dropped on the palm, it takes heat from the palm
and evaporates, thereby making the palm cooler
4. Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?
A) (1) The greater the surface area, the greater the evaporation.
(2) As a result, evaporation in a saucer is faster than in a cup, resulting in more cooling.
(3)Therefore, we can drink hot tea or milk from a saucer faster than from a cup.

R Sailaja – S.A (P.S) – SPSR NELLORE - 9703061819

9TH CLASS www.ignitephysics.net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

5. What type of clothes should we wear in summer?

A) (1) We should wear cotton clothes and light coloured clothes in summers.
(2) We sweat a lot in summers. Cotton is a good absorber of water.
(3) Thus, it absorbs sweat from our body and exposes the sweat to the atmosphere, making its
evaporation faster.
Exercise (Page No: 24)
1. Convert the following temperatures to the celsius scale.
(a) 293 K. (b) 470 K
A) (a) 293 K to °C
293 – 273 = 20°C
(b) 470 K to °C
470 – 273 = 197°C
2. Convert the following temperatures to the Kelvin scale.
(a) 25°C (b) 373°C
A) (a) 25°C to K
25 + 273 = 298 K
(b) 373°C to K
373 + 273 = 646 K
3. Give reason for the following observations.
(a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.
(b) We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away.
A) (a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid because they undergo
sublimation i.e., they directly change into vapour without passing through the liquid state.
(b) Due to the high speed of particles and large space between gases, they are able to diffuse at
a faster rate. The perfume contains a volatile solvent which diffuses faster.
4. Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of attraction between the
particles: Water, Sugar, Oxygen.
A) Oxygen < water < sugar
5. What is the physical state of water at-
(a) 25⁰°C (b) 0°C (c) 100°C
A) (a) 25°C is liquid (b) 0°C is solid or liquid (c) 100°C is liquid and gas.
6. Give two reasons to justify-
(a) Water at room temperature is a liquid.
(b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
A) (a) The freezing point of water is 0℃ and the boiling point of water is 100℃. At room
temperature the particles of water do not have enough energy to break free from the forces of
attraction of each other. Hence, water remains as a liquid.
(b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature because its melting point is very high. At
room temperature, the particles of iron do not have enough energy to break free from the
forces of attraction of each other.

R Sailaja – S.A (P.S) – SPSR NELLORE - 9703061819

9TH CLASS www.ignitephysics.net PHYSICAL SCIENCE

7. Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?
A) (1)At 273K ice can easily absorb more heat energy from the surrounding in the form of latent
heat and overcome the fusion to become water.
(2) Water does not absorb this extra heat from the medium.
(3) Thus the cooling effect of ice is more than water at the same temperature.
8. What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?
A) The temperature of steam is equal to temperature of boiling water. But steam has more
energy than boiling water as it gain latent heat of vaporization. So steam produces more severe
burns than boiling water.
9. Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing change in its state.

A) A - Liquidation or melting or fusion.

B - Vaporization or evaporation.
C - Condensation. D - Solidification.
E - Sublimation. F - Deposition.

R Sailaja – S.A (P.S) – SPSR NELLORE - 9703061819