Worksheet- Light Reflection and Refraction

Grade X

1)Define the following terms in the context of spherical mirrors:

(i) Pole (ii) Centre of curvature (iii) Principal axis (iv) Principal focus
2)Name the type of mirrors used in the following situations:
(i) Headlights of a car (ii) Rear-view mirror of vehicle
(iii)Name the type of mirrors used in the design of solar furnaces. Explain how high
temperature is achieved by this device
3) Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the reflected ray in each of the following cases.
A ray of light incident on a convex mirror:(i) strikes at its pole making an angle θ from the
principal axis.(ii) is directed towards its principal focus.(iii) is parallel to its principal axis.
4)If the image formed by a mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is always
virtual and diminished, state the type of the mirror. Draw any ray diagram in support of your
answer.
5)The linear magnification produced by a spherical mirror is +1/3. Analysing this value, state
the (i)type of mirror and (ii) position of the object with respect to the pole of the mirror. Draw
any diagram to justify your answer.
6)A spherical mirror produces a magnification of −1 on a screen placed at a distance of 50
cm from the mirror.(i)Write the type of the mirror.(ii) Find the distance of the image from the
object.(iii) What is the focal length of the mirror? (iv) Draw the ray diagram to show the
image formation in this case.
7)An object is kept at a distance of 4 m in front of a spherical mirror, which forms its erect
image at a distance of 1 m from the mirror. What is the magnification? Is the mirror concave
or convex?
8)A concave mirror produces a three times magnified image on a screen. If the object is
placed 20 cm in front of the mirror, how far is the screen from the object?
9)The image of a candle flame placed at a distance of 30 cm from a mirror is formed on a
screen placed in front of the mirror at a distance of 60 cm from its pole. What is the nature of
the mirror? Find its focal length.
10)Draw a diagram and apply [the new Cartesian sign] conventions for calculating focal
length and nature of a spherical mirror which forms a 1/3 times magnified virtual image of an
object placed 18 cm in front of it.
11)Suppose you want to observe an erect image of a candle flame using a concave mirror of
focal length 20 cm.State the range of distance of the candle flame from the mirror. List two
other characteristics of the observed image. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the
image in this case.
12)Explain the following terms related to spherical lenses:Optical centre,Centres of
curvature,Principal axis,Aperture,Principal focus,Focal length.
13) (a) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image by a convex lens when an object
is placed in front of the lens between its optical centre and principal focus.
(b) In the above ray diagram, mark the object distance (u) and the image distance (v) with
their proper signs (+) or (−)as per the new Cartesian sign convention) and state how these
distances are related to the focal length (f) of the convex lens in this case.
14)Explain the Refraction through a glass slab.What is understood as lateral displacement of
light? Illustrate this with the help of a diagram. List two factors on which the lateral
displacement in a particular substance depends.
15) Define Refractive index, Snell's law, and the speed of light in different media
16) One student uses a lens of focal length +50 cm and another of −50 cm. State the nature
and find the power of each lens. Which of the two lenses will always give a virtual and
diminished image irrespective of the position of the object?
17)The image of a candle flame placed at a distance of
30 cm from a spherical lens is formed on a screen placed on the other side of the lens at a
distance of 60 cm from the optical centre of the lens. Identify the type of lens and calculate its
focal length. If the height of the flame is 3 cm, find the height of the image.
18)Find the power of a convex lens which forms a real and inverted image of magnification
−1 of an object placed at a distance of 20 cm from its optical centre.
19)(i)List four characteristics of the images formed by plane mirrors.
(ii)State the two laws of reflection of light.(iii)An object is placed at a distance of 12 cm in
front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 30 cm. List four characteristics of the image
formed by the mirror.
20)A ray of light is incident on a convex mirror as shown. Redraw the diagram and complete
the path of this ray after reflection from the mirror. Mark angle of incidence and angle of
reflection on it.

21)AB and CD, two spherical mirrors, from parts of a hollow spherical ball with its centre at
O as shown in the diagram. If arc AB = 1/2
arc CD, what is the ratio of their focal lengths? State which of the two mirrors will always
form virtual image of an object placed in front of it and why?

22)A concave mirror has a focal length of 20 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a 4
cm tall object be placed so that it forms an image at a distance of 30 cm from the mirror?
Also calculate the size of the image formed.
23)The image of a candle flame placed at a distance of 30 cm from a mirror is formed on a
screen placed in front of the mirror at a distance of 60 cm from its pole. What is the nature of
the mirror? Find its focal length. If the height of the flame is 2.4 cm, find the height of its
image. State whether the image formed is erect or inverted.
24)An object 4 cm in height, is placed at 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10
cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed to obtain a sharp image of the
object. Calculate the height of the image.
25)Draw the following diagram in which a ray of light is incident on a concave/convex
mirror, on your answer sheet. Show the path of this ray, after reflection, in each case.

26)The image of an object formed by a mirror is real, inverted and is of magnification -1. If
the image is at a distance of 40 cm from the mirror, where is the object placed? Where would
the image be if the object is moved 20 cm towards the mirror? State reason and also draw ray
diagram for the new position of the object to justify your answer.
27)A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on a screen 48 cm in front of a
mirror by keeping the flame at a distance of 12 cm from its pole.
(a) Suggest the type of mirror he should use.
(b) Find the linear magnification of the image produced.
(c) How far is the image from its object?
(d) Draw ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.
28)A student has a concave mirror of 20 cm focal length and he wants to see an erect image
of his face in the mirror. What should be the range of distance of the mirror from his face?
State the nature and size of the image he is likely to observe. Draw a ray diagram to justify
your answer.
29)(a) A security mirror used in a big showroom has radius of curvature 5 m. If a customer is
standing at a distance of 20 m from the cash counter, find the position, nature and size of the
image formed in the security mirror.
(b) Neha visited a dentist in his clinic. She observed that the dentist was holding an
instrument fitted with a mirror. State the nature of this mirror and reason for its use in the
instrument used by dentist.
30)It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal length of
12 cm.(i) What should be the range of distance of a , object placed in front of the mirror?
(ii) Will the image be smaller or larger than the object? Draw ray diagram to show the
formation of image in this case. (iii) Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 24
cm in front of the mirror? Draw ray diagram for this situation also to justify your answer.
Show the positions of pole, principal focus and the centre of curvature in the above ray
diagrams.
31)An object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. List
four characteristics (nature, position, etc.) of the image formed by the lens
32)(a)The refractive indices of glass and water with respect to air are 3/2 and 4/3 respectively.
If speed of light in glass is 2 × 108 m/s, find the speed of light in water.
(b)The absolute refractive indices of glass and water are 4/3 and 3/2 respectively. If the speed
of light in glass is 2 × 108 m/s, calculate the speed of light in (i) vacuum, (ii) water.
(c)The absolute refractive indices of glass and water are 1.5 and 1.33 respectively. In which
medium does light travel faster? Calculate the ratio of speeds of light in the two media.
33)A ray of light incident on a rectangular glass slab immersed in any medium emerges
parallel to itself.” Draw labelled ray diagram to justify the statement”.
34)(a) Water has refractive index 1.33 and alcohol has refractive index 1.36. Which of the two
medium is optically denser? Give reason for your answer.
(b) Draw a ray diagram to show the path of a ray of light passing obliquely from water to
alcohol.
(c) State the relationship between angle of incidence and angle of refraction in the above
case.
35)(a) Define focal length of a spherical lens.
(b) A divergent lens has a focal length of 30 cm. At what distance should an object of height
5 cm from the optical centre of the lens be placed so that its image is formed 15 cm away
from the lens? Find the size of the image also.
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in the above situation.
36)If the image formed by a lens for all positions of the object placed in front of it is always
virtual, erect and diminished, state the type of the lens. Draw a ray diagram in support of your
answer. If the numerical value of focal length of such a lens is 20 cm, find its power in new
cartesian sign conventions.
37)Rishi went to a palmist to show his palm. The palmist used a special lens for this purpose.
(i) State the nature of the lens and reason for its use.
(ii) Where should the palmist place/hold the lens so as to have a real and magnified image of
an object?
(iii) If the focal length of this lens is 10 cm, the lens is held at a distance of 5 cm from the
palm, use lens formula to find the position and size of the image.
38)Analyse the following observation table showing variation of image distance (v) with
object distance (u) in case of a convex lens and answer the questions that follows, without
doing any calculations :
S. No. Object distance u (cm) Image distance v (cm)

1 -90 + 18

2 -60 + 20

3 -30 + 30

4 -20 + 60

5 – 18 + 90

6 – 10 + 100

(a) What is the focal length of the convex lens? Give reason in support of your answer.
(b) Write the serial number of that observation which is not correct. How did you arrive at
this conclusion?
(c) Take an appropriate scale to draw a ray diagram for the observation at S. No. 4 and the
approximate value of magnification.
39)a) Under what condition with a glass lens placed in a transparent liquid become
invisible.(b) Describe and illustrate with a diagram, how we should arrange two converging
lenses so that a parallel beam of light entering one lens emerges as a parallel beam after
passing through the second lens.(c) An object is placed at a distance of 3 cm from a concave
lens of focal length 12 cm. Find the (i) position and (ii) nature of the image formed.
40)With the help of a ray diagram, state what is meant by refraction of light. State Snell’s law
for refraction of light and also express it mathematically.
The refractive index of air with respect to glass is 2/3 and the refractive index of water with
respect to air is 4/3. If the speed of light in glass is 2 × 108 m/s, find the speed of light in (a)
air, (b) water.