AERONAUTICAL COMMUNICATION

Pradeep Kumar Jangid1, Mahesh sharma2

1,
Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, ACEIT, Kukas, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
2
Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, ACEIT, Kukas, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Email:[email protected], [email protected]

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Abstract – The World of aeronautical communication is extremely difficult. Because safety is a top priority in
discussed in this paper. It is the method by which aircraft aviation, planes can communicate with the necessary
crews communicate with other aircraft and people on the employees via communication means such as wireless
ground. Aviation communication is a critical component for
radio. Because aviation is a global industry, it uses a
the safe and efficient operation of aircraft on the ground and
in the air. Communication is critical in aviation since it helps
variety of languages.
to boost safety and reduce incidents that may have been
avoided. Effective communication is a basic human
requirement, and it is a vital prerequisite to safety in aircraft
operational environments. Aviation will be accident-free if
the aviation industry can figure out how to deal with all of
these communication issues. The ability to communicate
effectively is critical to aviation safety. Aviation
communication involves a range of team members, including
ground handlers, cabin crew, construction workers, airline
staff, security officers, ramp workers, airport operators, and
other aviation experts, in addition to pilots, copilots, ATC,
and other aircraft.

INTRODUCTION

Aviation communication involves a range of team

members, including ground handlers, cabin crew,
construction workers, airline staff, security officers, ramp
Aeronautical communications research and development
workers, airport operators, and other aviation experts, in
needs for future air traffic management applications.
addition to pilots, copilots, Air traffic controler, and other
The continued rise of regional and international air travel
aircraft. As a result, all aviation professionals bear a
has resulted in increased air traffic congestion.
significant duty to improve their communication and
as well as on the ground Despite the occurrence of
comprehension in order to reduce the possibility of
momentary setbacks downturns caused by economic
catastrophic aircraft catastrophes that may be avoided with
recessions and natural disasters. Despite recent
proper communication. Communication is critical in
occurrences, average growth rates in air travel have
aviation since it helps to boost safety and reduce incidents
remained stable. Since the 1960s, it has been at an all-time
that may have been avoided. Until the well-known accident
high. As a result, there is a lot of traffic restricts the
of two planes over the Grand Canyon in 1956, while
expansion of the aviation industry, delays schedules and
aviation was still in its early phases, the prevalent idea was
lowers overall system performance. Consequently, there is
that the sky was too broad for two planes to meet at
a compelling need to develop more. Air traffic
random. Following the incident, the Federal Aviation
management technologies that are effective (ATM). New
Administration (FAA) was established, marking the
techniques, procedures, and strategies for airspace
beginning of improved flight safety in all elements of
automation and decision-making aids are being
aviation, including proper communication. The goal of the
investigated developed for deployment over a period of
Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication service is to ensure
time ranging from the next five years, up to and including
that signals relevant to air navigation are received quickly
the year 2020, and beyond Because of this, as technology
and precisely in order to improve air navigation's safety,
advances and complexity rises, so does the complexity of
regularity, and efficiency. Effective communication is a
the approaches. The needs for data collection, exchange,
basic human requirement, and it is a vital prerequisite to
and analysis transfer among the ATM system's key
safety in aircraft operational environments. Aviation will
elements a significant increased. Current aeronautical
be accident-free if the aviation industry can figure out how
communications systems, on the other hand, will be
to deal with all of these communication issues. The
insufficient to fulfill the future information transmission
communication of two or more aircrafts is referred to as
demands posed by advanced ATM systems.
aviation communication. Aircraft are designed in such a
way that seeing beyond what is directly in front of them is
 more autonomous en-route aircraft operations, for
example, may necessitate the collection and distribution of
constantly updated position, speed, and intent information
for each aircraft, the "negotiation" of trajectories for
conflict avoidance among two or more aircraft, the
coordination of trajectory changes with airline operations
centers and airports, and a variety of other transactions
requiring significant data exchanges.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS
REQUIREMENTS AND ARCHITECTURES

The key communications linkages for flight safety

communications, including air traffic control, that will be
implemented during the next ten years are already in the
last stages of development or are in the early stages of
As a result, the NASA Glenn Research Center is working deployment. As a result, new communications
on developing communications systems and essential architectures will be needed to meet requirements beyond
technologies that will fulfill these future needs. Studies, the ten-year horizon. With so many novel air traffic
workshops, testing and experimentation, as well as management systems and approaches in the early stages
research and analysis, have identified a variety of research of development, it's impossible to predict which will be
and technology development needs as part of this process. picked for future adoption. Traffic volumes can only be
The goal of this paper is to lay out the essential research anticipated, and many other unknown concerns will have
and technology needs that have been discovered as a result an impact on aviation by the time frames of 2015 to 2020.
of these initiatives, as well as to explain how these needs The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, along with
were decided. the economic downturn, resulted in a 10% to 20%
reduction in air travel. History implies that this will be a
Air traffic management has evolved to deal with the one-time exception to the long-term trend of increasing
constantly increasing traffic volume as the aviation aviation traffic.
industry has grown over the last nearly 100 years. Human To demonstrate and test wide band satellite
air traffic controllers are still the primary source of air communications, an aeronautical satellite
traffic control today. To avoid traffic volumes from communications terminal was created. The terminal is
surpassing the human competence of the controllers1, based on Boeing's band phased array antennas, which are
methods such as airspace sectorization, airspace structure, detailed in detail in [9]. The terminal was created for
procedures, and flow limitations have been used. However, usage in a mobile platform on the ground, allowing for
these methods eventually limit total system throughput, low-cost mobile testing of components, network
resulting in increased system inefficiencies as traffic levels concepts, and applications.
rise, and any disruption to the system can cause schedule
disruptions that effect the entire system. Despite the fact Types of Aeronautical Communication
that total air traffic volume decreased dramatically
following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Air Traffic Control
air traffic control system saw congestion at peak noon Aeronautical Operational Control
times comparable to those prior to September 11.
Airline Administrative Control
Recent efforts in the aviation community attempt to create
a more flexible system that allows users more latitude in Air Traffic Control
achieving their operational goals, increasing capacity and
A service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers
reducing inefficiencies. Free-flight concepts are being
explored and applied. NASA researchers are working on who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled
important decision support tools and automation airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in
approaches for free flight concepts as part of the Advanced non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC
Air Transportation Technologies Project2. NASA is also worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite
working on Distributed Air/Ground Traffic Management, the flow of air traffic, and provide information and other
which is a more advanced and far-reaching ATM idea support for pilots. Each aircraft maintains a minimum
(DAG-TM).
amount of space around itself so as to avoid collisions and
The growing amount of data required is a barrier for those traffic.
developing and deploying advanced air traffic management The major goal of ATC systems around the world is to
technologies and methods. DAG-TM concepts for enabling
keep planes separated in order to avoid crashes, to organize The preceding efforts have resulted in a better knowledge
and expedite traffic flow, and to provide information and of the aeronautical communications research and
other support to pilots. technology development needs for ATM applications,
which will be discussed next.
It's worth noting that these requirements will be refined
and updated over time as new knowledge is gathered
through studies, modeling and simulation, and testing and
experimentation. In addition, comments from the aviation
community will be sought on a regular basis. Of course,
the goal of compiling this list is to maximize the value of
NASA's research, as well as that of many other
government, academic, and corporate institutions in the
United States and around the world. It also helps with
program advocacy, as well as coordination and
collaboration among institutions.

Simulation and modeling are the second area of focus in

determining future aeronautical communications
requirements. For future air traffic management concepts,
AERONAUTICAL OPERATIONAL CONTROL NASA Glenn researchers are working on VHF Digital
Link (VDL) Modes 2, 3, and 4, aeronautical
It is a term that refers to a collection of applications that communication satellite links, and navigation and
allow an to communicate with its airline or other ground surveillance system performance. VDL-2 and VDL-3
service providers. A group or the full set of apps used to performance models are being developed and tested using
communicate an aircraft with its airline or service partner OPNET network simulation software. The goal is to obtain
precise performance models in order to identify things like
pendants on the ground is referred to as aeronautical
genuine data throughput capacities, system performance
operational control (AOC). Previously, an ACARS MU or deterioration as a function of channel loads, and network
CMU was used to host an AOC application. Because AOC performance.
communications are only communicated between airlines, These findings will help researchers better understand the
they have traditionally been user defined. It deals with capabilities of such systems in order to support enhanced
delaying of flights, terminating a flight landing and take off future ATM automation technologies, as well as
a flight. prospective system upgrades.

Research Methods
The issue of user equality is another concern in the
adoption of ATFM techniques. Unit delay costs, estimated
delay probability, and light priority are used to apply
ground and airborne delays to an aircraft. According to the
literature, the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle remains
the most equitable control technique for all airspace users,
but it is clearly not the best option for resolving.
Furthermore, effective incorporation of aircraft en route
light time models will aid ATFM performance. Because
numerous factors influence an aircraft's en route time in the
air, such as airspace congestion and ATC controls, the
modeling of an aircraft's arrival time at the destination
AIRLINE ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL airport has traditionally relied on simple assumptions.
Pilots use ACARS to obtain current weather and ATC
The air traffic system's development aim, as stated in Euro
clearances, as well as interact with dispatch. ACARS is a
control's Air Traffic Management Strategies for 2000+, is
system that allows airlines to keep track of aircraft to produce a safe, dependable, and environmentally
movements and engine health. It determines the location of sustainable gate-to-gate air transportation system
the aircraft, size and shape of aircraft weather forecasting (Eurocontrol1998). The Federal Aviation Administration's
and monitoring, GPS tracking. ACARS is a digital data National Airspace System initiative in the United States
link system that uses air band radio or satellite to send brief likewise displays the same goal for the future growth of air
messages between aircraft and ground stations. transportation systems (Simpson 1997). The air
transportation system is made up of numerous subsystems,
Aeronautical Research and Development needs each of which has been optimized for operational
efficiency but has not yet been integrated with the others. usage of airspace in order to achieve their own goals.
Integration of subsystems in the air transportation system However, air traffic control will always be present to
is essential in future development to attain the system ensure flight safety. In addition, to ensure the safety of
optimum. arriving and leaving aircraft, the airspace in the terminal
areas will require extensive regulation.
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION: The degree to which aircraft can operate independently is a
hot topic of discussion and research.
Satellites with broad coverage areas, especially
over marine regions, are thought to be the best way ADVANCE ATM SYSTEMS:
to connect to telecommunication networks during
long-haul flights. Simulation and modeling are the second area of focus in
Only a few geostationary satellites, such as the In determining future aeronautical communications
fleet, are now accessible for two-way requirements. For future air traffic management concepts,
communications over land and sea. NASA Glenn researchers are working on VHF Digital
Link (VDL) Modes 2, 3, and 4, aeronautical
Asymmetrical data rates in satellite up- and down- communication satellite links, and navigation and
links, which could be caused by using different surveillance system performance. VDL-2 and VDL-3
satellite systems for up- and down-link. This performance models are being developed and tested using
potential must be accommodated in the cabin OPNET network simulation software. The goal is to obtain
service portfolio and service integration. precise performance models in order to identify things like
genuine data throughput capacities, system performance
deterioration as a function of channel loads, and network
performance.
These findings will help researchers better understand the
capabilities of such systems in order to support enhanced
future ATM automation technologies, as well as
prospective system upgrades.

FUTURE SCOPE:

The Indian aviation business is one of the world's fastest

expanding, with private airlines accounting for more than
75% of the domestic aviation market. The industry is
increasing at an 18 percent compound annual growth rate
Satellite Communications (Sat Com) have been used for a
(CAGR). The country has 454 airports and airstrips, with
variety of purposes since their debut, including media
16 designated as international airports. According to the
broadcasting, back hauling, and news gathering. Sat Com
Union Civil Aviation Minister, India's aviation sector
are currently through a transformation phase, focusing the
would become one of the top five civil aviation markets in
system design on data services, notably broadband Sat
the world in the next five years. India is now ranked ninth
Com, as a result of the rise of Internet-based applications.
in the world's civil aviation market.
The key motivations are: a) the fast acceptance of media
In the future decade, India's aviation industry is predicted
streaming over linear media broadcasting, and b) the
to rise by 10%. It has grown by 20.3 percent since 2015,
urgent need to enhance broadband connectivity to rural
the greatest rate of growth in any country's aviation
areas ( developing countries, aviation, and rural areas).
industry.
FREE FLIGHT
CONCLUSION:
Free flying is the most popular notion for enabling bigger
Only by developing and deploying innovative air traffic
capacity, more efficient air transportation systems. "...a
management systems will aviation continue to thrive. Such
safe and efficient flight operating capability under
techniques will necessitate a "quantum jump" in aviation
instrument flight regulations (IFR) in which operators have
system information flow NASA/TM2002-211500 8. Major
the option to select their path and speed in real time,"
enhancements to the aeronautical communications
according to the definition. Air traffic controls are only in
infrastructure will be required to transport information
place to ensure separation, prevent unlawful flights through
between aircraft, air traffic service providers, airline
Special Use Airspace (SUA), and assure flight safety. To
operations centres, and various other components on a
rectify the identified problem, restrictions are limited in
regional and worldwide basis. This need a well-funded
scope and duration. Any activity that removes constraints
research and development program. It is vital to have a
is a step toward unrestricted flying. Free flying is designed
thorough understanding of research and technology
to allow individuals or fleets of aircraft to optimize their
development demands in order to optimize the value of
research and technology development resources and to
support research program advocacy. The Glenn Research
Center at NASA has adopted a wide approach to defining
such requirements. This method is detailed in detail in this
paper. The current understanding of important research and
technology development needs for aeronautical
communications, with the realization that these
requirements must be continually revised and updated.

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