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Introduction

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14 views10 pages

Introduction

Uploaded by

Jasmine Yang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

2/18/2023

Chapter 01:
Introduction

Range of Materials & Processes in


a Tractor

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What Is Manufacturing?

 The word manufacture is derived from two Latin words


manus (hand) and factus (make); the combination
means “made by hand”
 The vast majority of objects around us consist of
numerous individual pieces that are built and assembled
by a combination of processes called manufacturing.

What Is Manufacturing?

 Most modern manufacturing operations are


accomplished by mechanized and automated equipment
that is supervised by human workers
 Application of physical and chemical processes to alter
the geometry, properties, and/or appearance of a
starting material to make parts or products

(Source: Groover, 2005) 4

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What Is Manufacturing?

 Mechanization： the development of textile machinery


and machine tools for cutting metal.
 A major advance in manufacturing began in the early
1800s, with the design, production, and use of
interchangeable parts.
 The period approximately from the 1940s to the 1990s
was characterized by mass production and expanding
global markets.
 The quality revolution began to change manufacturing
in the 1960s and 1970s, and programmable computers
started becoming widely applied in the 1980s.

What Is Manufacturing?

 The digital manufacturing ：powerful computers and


software have now been fully integrated across the
design and manufacturing enterprise.
 The term digital manufacturing has been applied to
reflect the notion that the manufacture of components
can take place completely through such computer-driven
CAD and production machinery.

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Classification of manufacturing
processes

(Source: Groover, 2005) 7

Selection of Manufacturing Processes

 Some examples of manufacturing methods are:


1. Casting (鑄造)
2. Forming and shaping (成形)
3. Machining (切削)
4. Joining
5. Finishing
6. Microfabrication and nanofabrication

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Selection of Manufacturing Processes

Selection of Manufacturing Processes

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Selection of Manufacturing Processes

Methods of Manufacture

Various methods of making a simple part: (a) casting or powder


粉末冶金
metallurgy ( 鍛造
), (b) forging ( 擠製
) or upsetting, (c) extrusion ( ),
(d) machining, (e) joining two pieces.

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Selection of Manufacturing Processes

Process Selection
 Selection of process depends on geometric features of the parts
and workpiece material and properties
 Some mechanical tools are
being replaced by laser cutting
 Size of manufactured products
are getting smaller such as
microscopic gears

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Selection of Manufacturing Processes

淨形製造)
淨形製造 and Near-net-shape Manufacturing
Net-shape (淨形製造
 Part is made in only one operation to the final desired dimensions,
tolerances and surface finish
 Difference between the two is the degree of how close the product is
to its final dimensional characteristics
 Examples of net-shape manufacturing are precision casting, forging,
forming sheet metal, powder metallurgy, injection molding of metal
powders and injection molding of plastics

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Selection of Manufacturing Processes

超精密加工)
超精密加工
Ultraprecision Manufacturing (超精密加工
 Advantages are dimensional accuracies and mirror-like
surfaces on metals

Types of Production
 Job shops: less than 100
 Small-batch production: 10 to 100
 Batch production: 100 and 5000
 Mass production: over 100,000

Various Types of Plant Layout

fixed-position layout process layout

cellular layout product layout


(Source: Groover, 2005) 16

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Engineering Metrology

 Engineering metrology is defined as the


measurement of dimensions
 Parts are measured and inspected before they are
assembled into products
 Parts are measured to ensure that it is manufactured
consistently and within dimensional tolerances
 Measurement of the relevant dimensions and features
of parts is an integral aspect of interchangeable parts
manufacturing
 Most important aspects of manufacturing is product
quality

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Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

 All bolts are manufactured within a certain range of


dimensional tolerance
 Thus all similar bolts are interchangeable

Dimensional Tolerance
 Dimensional tolerance is defined as the acceptable
variation in the dimensions
 Refer to height, width, depth, diameter, and angles

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Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Importance of Tolerance Control


 Dimensional tolerances is important when a part is to
be assembled or mated with another part

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

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