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2.rectification (Parametric Form)

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21 views7 pages

2.rectification (Parametric Form)

Uploaded by

abhay.rana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rectification- PaRaMetRic

fYBtecH SeM-ii
MoDULe-4
LENGTH OF THE ARC OF A CURVE GIVEN IN PARAMETRIC FORM

Length of the arc of a curve given in parametric


form as and is

June 14, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 2


1) Find the length of one arc of the cycloid
.
 The curve is shown in right.
 For and for
 Now, and



June 14, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 3


2) Prove that the length of the arc of the curve
measured
from the origin to is .
 = −2𝑎 sin 2𝜃 1 − cos 2𝜃 + 2𝑎 cos 2𝜃 sin 2𝜃 = −2𝑎 sin 2𝜃 + 2𝑎 sin 4𝜃

 = 2𝑎 cos 2𝜃 1 + cos 2𝜃 − 2𝑎 sin 2𝜃 = 2𝑎 cos 2𝜃 + 2𝑎 cos 4𝜃

 +
 = 4𝑎 cos 2𝜃 + 4𝑎 cos 4𝜃 + 8𝑎 cos 2𝜃 cos 4𝜃 + 4𝑎 sin 2𝜃 + 4𝑎 sin 4𝜃 −
8𝑎 sin 2𝜃 sin 4𝜃
 = 4𝑎 + 4𝑎 + 8𝑎 cos 6𝜃
 = 8𝑎 + 8𝑎 cos 6𝜃

 ∴𝑠 =∫ + 𝑑𝜃

 =∫ 8𝑎 + 8𝑎 cos 6𝜃]𝑑𝜃
 = ∫ 2 2𝑎 1 + cos 6𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ 2 2𝑎 2 cos 3𝜃 𝑑𝜃
 = 4𝑎 ∫ cos 3𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 4𝑎 = sin 3𝜃

June 14, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 4


⁄
3) Find the total length of the curve /
. Hence, deduce the total
length of the curve / / /
. Also show that the line divides the
length of the astroid / / / in the first quadrant in the ratio .
 The curve known as four cusped hypocycloid or astroid is shown in the figure
 (i) To rectify the curve it is convenient to use the parametric equations of the curve.
 They are 𝑥 = 𝑎 cos 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑏 sin 𝜃
 If 𝑠 is the total length then
⁄
 ∴𝑠 = 4∫ + 𝑑𝜃
⁄
 = 4∫ 3𝑎 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 + 3𝑏 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
⁄
 = 4 ∫ 3 𝑎 cos 𝜃 + 𝑏 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ……..(1)
 To find the integral, we put, 𝑎 cos 𝜃 + 𝑏 sin 𝜃 = 𝑡
 ∴ 2 𝑏 − 𝑎 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 2𝑡𝑑𝑡
 ∴ sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑑𝑡
 When 𝜃 = 0, 𝑡 = 𝑎 and when 𝜃 = 𝜋⁄2 , 𝑡 = 𝑏
 ∴𝑠 = 12 ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡

 = = 𝑏 −𝑎

 =4

June 14, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 5


⁄
3) Find the total length of the curve /
. Hence, deduce the total
length of the curve / / /
. Also show that the line divides the
length of the astroid / / / in the first quadrant in the ratio .
 (ii) For deduction, we put
 Hence, the total length of the second astroid
 (iii) For the third part,
 the length of the astroid / / / in the first quadrant is


 Now, the length cut off by
⁄

 From (1) by putting
⁄

 But arc

June 14, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 6


4) Show that the length of the tractrix
to any point t is a
 We have


 Now,



June 14, 2022 MODULE-4 RECTIFICATION 7

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