B.

ARCHITECTURE
INTERIOR DESIGN (AR6005)
COMPONENTS OF THE INTERIOR SPACE –
FURNITURE
Lecture - 7

Introduction to Interior Furniture:

So introduction to be introduce as John. F. Pile says

“Furniture is with its close contact to human occupants of interiors,

establishes an important role in the concerns of the discipline known as
human factors.”

So furniture is one element is got very close contact to the humans for using
the space. If we using the study table in the study space I have my book
shelf, I have my pedestrian unit, my overall setting with storages for files
etc., so all these are elements which are interact on day-to-day basisin that
particular Space. So depending upon whichever space it is the furniture has
very close the humans are the occupants in the interact very much with the
furniture which is in that space.

So this becomes most important element as per the function of the spaces
concern. For example in an residential use the furniture would start from the
saying the – for storing the essential items your book shelf, yourshoe racks,
your curio unit, your TV mounting furniture, your sofa, your coffee tables,
side tables, display units, crockery unit which will mount all your tottery and
crockery unit, the dining table itself, the chairs for the dining table, pujaunit
where either it is the Hindu house or the Muslims house depending upon the
what kind of the religious background come from you need the furniture
which is placed in the worships space, your modular kitchen itself it is the
huge furniture unit, apart from the equipment talking of the wood work
alone, in your bed room you need probably in a study table in your bed room
or your book shelf in your bed room or a wardrobe space with clothes in the
other accessories all these are the part of the furniture itself and it is a loft
space and in access built-in furniture, your vanity counters in the bath
rooms there also be the part of the furniture, savor cubical, so anything
which you having your, anything which is using the aesthetics are most of
the times these are functional elements in your interiors and when function
is the criteria which will looking at the interior space and the furniture is the
most important element in your home.

So, that’s what need for furniture with an exception of certain monumental
spaces, such as lobbies, circulation spaces, and ceremonial interiors, almost
all interiors spaces require furniturethat is what we discussing about in a
very elementary residents space we are talking about these elements which
is furniturebeing used, at the same time we got other spaces like your
universities or your class rooms, starting from the desks to storage spaces,
your podium and your presenting furniture and your mounting furniture all
these are the elements of if we talking about the director room or your MD’s
room the table, side tableof your MD’s or your book shelf in your MD’s room
or in the office space, the wall mounted space furniture or floor mounted
furniture all these are elements which can be required this can go endless
can talking about the different type of typologies building and the interior
furniture which is used.

So the furniture is the most important is the functional element to interior.

We use chairs, tables, and the desks for working. Chairs and tables for
dining. Chairs and sofas for conversation and watching television, etc., any
elementary is the residential use all these furniturefor daily bases any one of
its use it. The image shows the three plus three sofa seated with the coffee
table, TV mounted unit all these and a book shelf with integrated book shelf
one of the walls so all these furniture you can see this on daily everywhere,

How does it start? How do you know, how much furniture you need? Where
you need? Which furniture, how do you plan?

The amount of furniture number of chairs we required and the size of this
furniture, how do you plan it? Starts with the primary furniture and decision
some made with layouts.

Primary Furniture Decisions:

In the typical design project, planning takes place the before furniture
selection is considered. One plans with function in mind and indicates
furniture is a generated way, using average sizes and forms to designate
desk, table, chairs, sofa, bed and so on. So what it means an if I am giving
a rectangular space of the living room and I am ask to create living area of
effect and interior space for the effect and I need to how many users are
going to using the space, what is the maximum quantity which I need to
keep number of furniture I need.

How many people should accommodate in that though I starting from that I
understand how many pieces of furniture I required? and then I go back to
the drawing board, make a layout for it and then come out in the options.
Here are four, we know veryinteresting options are shown in the screen, a
living room, the first options shows three sitters sofa is one plus one plus
sitter and single seated sofa and a fire place which is placed on opposite wall
which is necessitate and functional event. Two chairs are an either side of
the fire place stitches on it and couple of stole and either side of each chairs.

So the couple of windows two entry points to the room there is a chest of
draws and couple of stule on either side. There is a option and one you can
see the circulation in around the furniture which is very clear. That clears
space for walking around and the functional discussion is one side of the
room. The second option here shows circulation between those two doors is
very clear. The basically that’s behind the sofa. Here we can see three plus
three seated sofa can accommodate around eight people comfortably then
this setting and the spaces still seated as one chest of the windows actually
the space before the other windows are three seated sofa.

When comes to the third arrangement here there is an L shaped

arrangement, the couple of coffee table which means the spaces itself
divided into two interaction zones at the same time the circulation between
the two doors is very clear. This is anotherarrangement where you
requirements of furniture would mean two to three seatedand then five
sitters sofa which is arranged around in that circulation space and the
discussion areas and a couple of two coffee tables, one is the circular coffee
table and then other is elliptical coffee tableandor a rectangular table and a
small console table in an end near the window.

So a same space depending upon the arrangement on the how the furniture
are arranged the overall setting itself is different and the quantity of
furniture is determined in this stage. Here you get an amount of people who
can interact in the space total number of sitters which is required total
number of furniture is required and the type A being a three seated sofaand
type B is single seated sofa type C are sharing we need chairs type A or type
2 of type 3. So, this is how a primary decision of number of furniture is
actually determine. Then gets into different ways of making furniture can
either be built-in furniture or modular furniture.

What is the difference? What is the built-in furniture and modular furniture?

Built-in furniture something which is built-in how the name built-in is simply
suggested and when you planning the architect of space furniture itself or
you create the furnitureas the part of the architecture are the interiors itself
not a standalone item. It’s not bought out of the shop. It is made as the
component in a interior itself.

So if you look out the book shelf which have been placed in here there is a
mesh which is create the wall on the either sides has been built out and this
furnish furniture’s being created and that the different levels of slab is
integrated in the planning stage itself it’s the part of the overall plan. So this
planning needs done very early in stage doing the design when compared to
the book shelf which is part of the bought off the shelf or the bought out of
the shop and then placed in one of the corners.

The advantages of doing this’s you efficiently get the space there is a very
minimal space wastage and the difference between buying the book shelf
putting it one of the corners and this is here that there is no way that any
amount of small space which is wasted behind the book shelf or around the
book shelf which is placed one of the corners or it accumulate very less dust
seemed to maintain. Disadvantage would be on the other hand it is not the
movable it is not as it is when you areif notit is not the permanent space if
you have to move out of the space after sometimes then these piece of
furniture is not able to movable it has remain where it is so one good thing
efficiently uses built-in furniture is not a immovable this furniture impose
constrain the planning stage itself must be considered well beforein hand.
While modular furniture so if you rented the space or you not on the long
term occupancy in the space then,

What you do? When you buying the furniture you make its sure it is movable
and it is mobile it can be taken to any other space and be used as the
efficient and as it is nowin spaced in this space itself.
So basically modular furniture rented spaces or even long-term occupancies
in not certain for any reason then movable furniture has the advantages on
been readily transportable to the new location. A very funky example has
been shown in theimage on your right. On the three boxes, as the three
boxes is open up one of the box is open up into your bed and your book
shelfon either sides and the second box opens into your study table and
third box opens upon the small pantry.

So technically these boxes can be squeezedinand then taken into any

common location any hall can be used as the piece of furniture and so it is
the very mobile piece of furniture can be used anywhere so this is the
advantages of the modular furniture when comes to built-in furniture. But
it’s again more durable or it is less durable this is movable that is not
movable that is the advantages and disadvantages.Prowse and concepts
between built-in and modular furniture. There is lots of example wants to be
make which makes lives for us.

Systems furniture:

Systems generally developed largely for office use consists of elements

linked together in clusters. This is one of the award winning cluster furniture
system furniture basically this is the triangular modulewhich is shown as the
central partition between in three tables can be connected in different forms
these clusters can be made into thousands of clusters the very simple form
can be added or multiplied to create very interesting clusters together. So
this is used in very large office setup where the furniture arrangement is
been.

Reusing furniture:

In residential design, it is probably more common reuse at least some

existing furniture. The designer must create inventories to measure up
furniture that needs to be used in the new design. So basically how does it
come up? Any designer would come up with the situation would encounter
the situation like this with the client. You may have the client who comes to
up the and say

“I have my antique piece which is my owned by my great grandfather it is

made of teak, it is lost for two generations and wants to keep that as part of
that art work in my office work or piece of art or as antique piece in my
office or in my bed room”.
So what you do? Or it can be very antique bed, or a wall clock or a floor
mounted clock which is an antique piece of furniture which is being save for
generations kept together and then wanted to be used in a new interior
space designing, how do you do this ? You Take clear measurements of
photographs and make sure that whatever makes creating around that is
jelling with that particular furniture piece of itself.

So in certain situations it can be a cross cutting you also the client might
have a new bed and you need not have a newly designed bed for that space
because already has one. So this is how you encounter this the scenario is
shows the image, a antique piece of a table, pantry table, where storage
shelf’s and then work tops and all of that integrated. So this can be one of
the whole pieces that need to be used your newly designed interiors.

Layout and planning:

Layout planning is most important planning s the part of, as I told you this is
thefirst step and gettingyours client approval on layout actually solves the
lot issue and then allows you to improves on your base design layout prose
andso any typical design project interior design go through it at least your
four different layout options which needs to be discussed with that client.

So what is the layout? Arranging the furniture in plan is a vital part of

interior design work. It is rather the first thing any designer has to work on.
Many designers choose to make plan layouts on the basis of square-foot
areas assigned to various functions, into which the furniture is it. That one of
the diagram shows one of the very randomly placed furniture layout for an
open office.

So here again I told you that number of furniture, number of seated,

efficient newsier, efficient in circulation, private zones, semi-private
zonesand open areas and circulation areas, interaction areas, occasional
areas all these can be planned just by placing the furniturein the layout it
has to be, so that is the first step and getting the client’s approval on that
actually demands on that for lot of attention in design and after during this
stage all the modular furniture has to be planned and before stage during
the architectural layout all itself your fitted furniture has to be planned.

So these is the sequence of planning first step it is a furniture or a

immovable furniture planning has to be done for that and then your layout
and your modular layout furniture movable furniture has to be planned.
Selecting furniture:
Selecting furniture once your furniture layout is ok, your client is happy with
the furniture layout and then, you get into the stage of selecting the
furniture for that particular use.

So how do you select your furniture? With a basic plan of interior space
completed. A furniture selection begins, and the furniture for a project can
be custom designed or purchased readymade, from shops. Specially
designed furniture,

What are the advantages of specially designed furniture?

It designed efficient usage of space and it is more expansive and worth it

and control of quality, you have control over the quality of the item its time
consuming, but time must be fitted for that furniture, it can be hand crafted
to suit usage to suit your sets.

So this is a stage were start selecting your furniture for that space. When
you designed a customs designs space most of the furniture space also
made customs designs you may want very inter-gratify craved and teak
piece or in your dining table in the living room, living dinning space. So that
particular piece furniture can either be bought in shop or either bought in
shop or in custom designed.

Custom designed made side on it’sone piece and it is not available anywhere
else it’s totally customized you and that you will not see that and that kind
of piece anywhere else. But if you choose it buying it from the shop, there is
a very high possibility is hundreds of pieces has been reproduced and these
parts to the world and the same factory exported to different part of the
world, or you may so end of the using the same which is already existing is
being copying it from somewhere else and that is the difference between
custom designed furniture and furniture which is bought out from a space
but, having said that customs design is very expansive it is depending upon
the inter graced wall involves a lot of time which is spent to make the
furniture itself.

So any interior design space of around three thousand square feet

complectively withthe customized furniture can take around a year to
interiors along after designing. But at the same time the modular furniture
the advantage would be the same three thousandsquare feet’s space can be
complectively the time line to completing the years can be around the month
which means ten times less than, ten times which is spend to making your
customized furniture.

Readymade Furniture:

Most selections would be made from furniture in regular production. So

hundreds and thousands of furniturepieces have been is being manufactured
in the factory either in one of those manufacturing companies which are
located countries likechina, Indonesia, Malaysia. These are the furniture
manufacturing countries usually they providefurniture most of the other
parts of the world. You get choose from the catalogue already available from
the manufactures it can be inspected in the shop or a store room
manufactures catalogue illustrate various pieces and give fairly complete
dataon dimensions and constructions, and available finishes and usually give
suggestions about planning and layout as well.

So when you choosing from manufacture catalogue what all include in

thatinclude the, they include titles finishers that have the furniture available
in the, the furniture may be available in the when you finish it can be
available in the laminated finish, it can be the lacked glass finish it can be
purely tinted printed mirror finish so all these are different finishers which
the furniture might be available the catalogs could contain all these and then
getting into the suggestions of, how the furniture can be arranged in the
space.

So if the manufacturers of that particular modular furniture giving new

different dimensions by two feet by four feet, two feet by six feet tables, so
different ways in which furniture can be arranged together to create a space
also comes as the suggestions from the manufactures itself. So these are
the advantages which you face when you choosing furniture from this, from
manufacturer catalogue or pre-tested and tested and proven and furniture
range. So here it becomes easier for the furniture designerfor the interior
designer to chooseand use furniture in that particular space.

Modular furniture again it is the ready-made furniture in most of the cases.

Modular furniture is made up of standard units that can be put together in
numerous ways. Modularity makes it possible to reconfigure groups as needs
change or to suits a move to new locations. So, Say yes the modular
furniture here image shows L shaped the modular unit which is been
arranged in four by four setup, say four units which have been placed on
either sides of each other, so this particular Unit can be put in any floor plate
or any space to create the workstation for four people together and can be
arranged in linear fashion overall flow remains the same after while the say
furniture setup after setup three year as you wish to move from the
particular space to different space.

so the same set of furniture can be dismantled taken to the new space and
assembled different layout which the manufacture actually recommended
things are actually required feels right and then, you used again that is the
advantage of modular furniture itself and the modular furniture these most
of the office furniture modular and most of the time it is not made in the
place it is used that the lot of manufactures countries from where it is
imported in bulk quantities and then used and then different manufacturing
units are also setup in different parts of the countries in furniture’s.

So this furniture is not made on the site and they are imported countries or
it may be taken from the different manufacturing units aroundthe state or
city taken to site assembled this is very quick to do, because these most of
the furniture available in the factory and stressed about assembling these
furniture’s on site together work done. So work happens very fast compared
to custom made furniture.

Knockdown furniture:

What is the Knockdown furniture? Knockdown furniture is usually modular,

but made a shipped disassembled. So, in the image shows the block of some
seats of word would be assembled here which is been put up here. These are
these actually make up a table.

It can be knocked out to a small packet or a box and then shift to the
different destination again reopen the box follow a simple procedure and to
make up a table completely. So these are knockdown furniture works.
Knockdown furniture leads to major saving in cost for ware housing packing
and shipping. When budgets are limited, furniture products that are well
designed and functionally serviceable yet inexpensive are essential.

So in those cases knockdown furniture comes downvery handythis is the lot

of exporting countries manufacturing countries which exports furniture and
knockdownfurniture is one of those very recent trend in developing countries
to uses knockdown furniture’s is imported from somewhere else.
What are the criteria for choosing furniture? First thing is the function: what
is the purpose of the unit? What is the unit’s specific function? What are the
sizes is required? Say book shelf, what are the books it going to contain?
How many books it going to contain?

That is very accessible height set of usable, with the reading table is the size
ergonomically placed so, all these are functional orientations for furniture
selection. Then could be structural and a material constrains: like what level
of strength does the intended use require? Say if I am going to use it as a
writing table so it sets it is not too much are heavy work happened on that
table, if I uses the tablefor someone to stand on that tablethen the material
to be which needs very strong. This can be made of particle board is
somebody standing in the top of the table it breaks, it has to be made of
solid works if you planning to someone sit over it or stand overit or it can be
made of metals.

Structural strength of the materials, what is the quality of materials? What is

the finish? Either it can be laminated or finish when you can be finish when
you high glass finishor Italian lamination finish all these are different finish
for the same set of furniture which is being used it is a durable how long it is
going to durable to use for that particular function. Those are questions to
asked yourself. If are suggesting the material for that particular furniture so
again utilitarian have your own function needs it going to be writing table
unit need at least 750mm space it’s the reading table unit at 680mm of
space if it is going to be a writing desk it needs 610mm height it is the
comfortable sitting chair the width of the chair should be at least 800mm if it
is going to be a you know a pantry table, or dinning pantry table, or utility
table then the heights needs not more than 1900mm which is reachable
height for any common man so, all these are based onergonomics human
dimensions important to whom you design for it? For specific person who
you design for it? So depending upon the dimensions come handy in for
choosing the furniture.

Aesthetics:

Then comes aesthetics are the style and character appropriate to the unit’s
intended use and to the overall design approach developed for the space? So
here the image shows a chair. Which is very interesting and very geometric
and it’s got a cushion back, it’s got netted geometric form behind which
added the aesthetic value to the space.
Does the unit posse’s aesthetic merit at all? Does it solve the
functionintended for it?

Those are questions which unit to answer for your space.

What is the cost relation to the available budgets?

So, usually your 60% of your interior cost goes in spending on your
furniture. What is the life time cost it is maintainability day-to-day basis
these are the questions which need an answers for choosing furniture for
you.