ASSIGNMENT SOLUTIONS

SECTION A
1) Give an example of solution containing. a)Liquid in gas b) solid in solid c) gas in solid
CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS
2) An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6g of ethylene glycol [C 2H4(OH)2] and 200 g
of water. Calculate the molality of the solution. If the density of this solution be 1.072g
mL-1. what will be the molarity of this solution?
3) A 6.90 M solution of KOH in water contains 30% by mass of KOH. Calculate the density
of the KOH solution. ( molar mass of KOH= 56g mol-1)
4) How many mL of 0.1 M HCL are required to react completely with 1g mixture of Na 2CO3
containing NaHCO3 equimolar amounts of two?
5) Why gases do always tends to be less soluble in liquid as the temperature is raised?
HENRY’S LAW
6) What concentration of nitrogen should be present in a glass of water at room
temperature? Assume a temperature of 25 o C, total pressure of 1 atmosphere and mole
fraction of nitrogen in air of 0.78. (KH of nitrogen = 8.42 x 10-17M/mm Hg).
7) State Henry’s law correlating the pressure of a gas and its solubility in solvent and
mention two applications of the law.
8) Give reasons, at higher altitudes, people suffer from a disease called anoxia. In this
disease, they become weak and cannot think clearly.
RAOULT’S LAW & ideal nonideal solutions.
9) Two liquids A and B are mixed and the resulting solution is found to be cooler. What do
you conclude about deviation from ideal behavior?
10) The dissolution of ammonia chloride in water is endothermic process. What is the
effect of temperature on its solubility?
11) Vapour pressure of chloroform (CHCL 3) and dichloromethane CH2CL2) at 298 K are
200mm H g and 415mm Hg respectively.
(a)Calculate the vapour pressure of the solution prepared by mixing 25.5g of CHCL 3 and 40 g
at 290 K (b)Mole fraction of each component in solution
12) State Raoult’s law for solution of volatile liquids.
13) Non ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
What are these deviations and why are they caused ? Explain with one example for
each type.
14) Define : a) Molal elevation constant b) Molal depression constant C) Van’t Hoff
factor d) Azeotropes
RELATIVE LOWERING IN VAPOUR PRESSURE
15) Why is the vapour pressure of a solution of glucose in water lower than that of water?
16) Urea forms an ideal solution in water. Determine the vapour pressure of an aqueous
solution containing 10 % by mass of urea at 40 oC. ( Vapour pressure of water at
40oC=55.3 mm Hg).
17) The vapour pressure of water is 12.3 kPa at 300k. calculate vapour pressure of 1 molal
solution of a non volatile solute in it.
18) Calculate the mass of a no volatile solute( molar mass 40 g mol -1) which should be
dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.
 19) A solution containing 30 g of non volatile solute exactly in 90g of water has a vapour
pressure of 2.8 kPa at 298K. further, 18g of water is then added to the solution , the
new vapour pressure becomes 2.9 kPa at 298K. calculate (i) molar mass of the solute,
(ii) vapour pressure of water at 298K.
20) 100 g of liquid A ( molar mass 140 g mol -1 ) was dissolved in 1000g of liquid B ( molar
mass 180 g mol-1). The vapour pressure of pure liquid B was found to be 500 torr.
Calculate the vapour pressure of pure liquid A and its vapour pressure in the solution if
the total vapour pressure of the solution is 475 torr.
ELEVATION IN BOILING POINT
21) 18 g of glucose, C6H12O6, is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a sauce pan. At what
temperature will the water boil. Kb for water is 0.52 K kg mol -1 and boiling point of
water is 373.15K.
22) Will the elevation in boiling point be same if 0.1 mole of sodium chloride or 0.1 mole
of sugar is dissolved in 1 L of water?
23) The boiling point of benzene is 353.23 K .When 1.80g of nonvolatile solid was
dissolved in 90 g of benzene, the boiling point is raised to 354.11K . Calculate the molar
mass of the solid. ( Kb for benzene = 2.53K kg mol-1)
24) Two liquid A and B are boiled at 145 oC and 190 oC resp. Which of them has higher
vapour pressure at 80oC ?
25) An aqueous solution of 2% non volatile solute exerts the pressure of 1.004 bar at the
normal boiling point of the solvent. What is the molar mass of the solute?
26) A solution prepared by dissolving 1.25 g of oil of winter green (methyl salicylate) in
99.0 g of benzene has a boiling point of 80.31 o C . Determine the molar mass of this
compound.(B.P. of pure benzene = 80.10 oC and Kb for benzene = 2.53 oC kg mol -1)
27) A solution containing 8 g of a substance in 100 g of diethylether boils at 36.86 o C,
whereas pure ether boils at 35.60 o C. Determine the molecular mass of the solute (For
ether Kb = 2.02 K kg mol-1).
DEPRESSION IN FREEZING POINT
28) What is de-icing agent? How does it function?
29) Two elements A and B form compounds having formula AB 2 and AB4. When dissolved
in 20 g of benzene (C6H6), 1 g of AB2lowers the freezing point by 2.3 k, whereas 1.0 g of
AB4 lowers it by 1.3 k. the molar depression constant for benzene is 5.1 K Kg mol -1
calculate atomic masses of A and B.
30) Why is the freezing point depression of 0.1 M sodium chloride solution nearly twice
that of 0.1 M glucose solution?
31) A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271K. calculate of
5% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
32) When mercuric iodide is added to an aqueous solution of KI the freezing point is
raised, why?
33) Arrange in increasing order of f pt :0.2M NaOH,0.2M Na 2CO3,0.1M AgNO3,0.1M (NH4)2
SO4.FeSO4.6H2O
34) What mass of NaCL (molar mass = 58.5g mol -1) must be dissolved in 65 g of water to
lower the freezing point by 7.5 o C ? The freezing point depression constant, K, for
water is 1.86K kgmol -1. Assume van’t Hoff factor for NaCL is 1.87.
 35) What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0 g mol-1) must be added to 5.50kg of
water to lower the freezing point of water from 0 oC to -10.0o C ? ( Kffor water = 1.86 K
kg mol-1).
36) 15 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450g of water. The resulting
solution freezes at -0.34oC. What is molar mass of the substance ? ( K ffor water = 1.86 K
kg mol-1).
37) Calculate the temprarture at which a solution containing 54g of glucose (C 6H12O6) in
250g of water will freeze. ( Kffor water = 1.86 K kg mol-1).
38) A 0.1539 molal aqueous solution of cane sugar ( molar mass = 342 g mol -1 has a
freezing point of 271 k while the freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. what will be
the aqueous solution containing 5 g of glucose ( mol. Mass=180 g mol -1) per 100 g of
solution.
39) 45 g of ethylene glycol ( C 2H6O2) is mixed with 600 g of water. Calculate i) the freezing
point depression ii) the freezing point of the solution(Kf for water= 1.86 K kg mol -1)
40) A 0.1539 molal solution of cane sugar ( mol. Mass= 342 g mol -1 ) has a freezing point
of 271 K, while the freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. what will be the freezing
point of an aqueous solution containing 5 g of glucose ( mol. Mass = 180 g mol -1) per
100g of solution.
41) Ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62 g mol -1) is a common auto mobile antifreeze.
Calculate the freezing point of the solution containing 12.4 g of this substance in 100g of
water. Would it be advisable to keep this substance in car radiator during summer? (K f
for water = 1.86Km-1 and Kb for water = 0.512 Km-1)
42) Two elements A and B form compound having molecular formula AB 2 and AB4. When
dissolved in 20 g of benzene, 1 g of AB 2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3 K, where as 1.0
g of AB4 lowers it by 1.3 K. the molar depression constant for benzene is 5.1 K Kg mol -1.
Calculate the atomic mass of A and B.
43) 1.0 g of A non electrolyte solute dissolved in 50.0 g of benzene lowered the freezing
point of benzene by 0.40 K . the freezing point depression constant for benzene is 5.12K
Kg mol-1. Calculate the molecular mass of solute.
44) What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0 g mol -1) must be added to 5.50 kg of
water to lower the freezing point of water from 0 oC to -10.0oC? ( Kf for water= 1.86 K kg
mol-1)
45) Calculate the temperature at which a solution containing 54 g of glucose ( C 6H12O6) in
250 g of water will freeze. ( Kf for water= 1.86 K kg mol-1)
46) Will the depression in freezing point be same or different if 0.1 mole of sugar or 0.1
mole of glucose is dissolved in one litre of water?
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
47) Define the terms, ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’. What is the advantage of using
osmotic pressure as compared to other colligative properties for the determination of
molar masses of solutes in solutions?
48) 100mg of a protein is dissolved in just enough water to make 10.0ml of solution. If the
solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25oC , what is the molar mass of the
protein?(0.0821 L Atm mol-1 K-1 and 760mm Hg=1atm)

49) State the condition resulting in reverse osmosis.

50) Determine the osmotic pressure of solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K 2SO4 in 2
litre of water at 25oC, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
51) 200 cm3 of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26 g of the protein. The
osmotic pressure of such a solution of 300K is found to be 2.57x 10 -3 bar. Calculate the
molar mass of protein.(R = 0.083L bar mol-1K-1)
52) A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95 mg of a gene fragment in 35.0 mL of water has
an osmotic pressure of 0.335 torr at 25 oC. Assuming the gene fragment is non
electrolyte, determine its molar mass.
53) When dehydrated fruits and vegetables are placed in water, they slowly swell and
return to original form. Why? Would a temperature increase accelerate the process?
Explain.
54) Why is great care taken in intravenous injection to have comparable concentration of
solution to be injected to that of blood plasma?
55) Equimolar solutions of sodium chloride and glucose are not isotonic. Why?
56) State the condition resulting in reserve osmosis.
Van 't Hoff factor
57) What would be the value of Vant Hoff’s factor for a dilute solution of K2SO4 in water?
58) Calculate the freezing point depression expected for 0.0711m aqueous solution of
Na2SO4 .If this solution actually freezes at -0.320 oC What would be the value of van’t
Hoff factor ?
59) A solution containing 0.5 g of KCl dissolved in 100 g of water freezes at -0.24 oC.
Calculate the percentage ionization of the salt. ( Kf for water= 1.86 K kg mol-1)
60) 2 g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a depression in
freezing point equal to 1.62 K. molar depression constant for benzene is 4.9 K kg mol -1.
What is the percentage association of acid if it forms double molecules (dimer) in
solution?
61) The freezing point of a solution containing 0.3g of acetic acid in 30.0 g of benzene is
lowered by 0.45o. calculate Van’t Hoff factor. ( Kf for benzene = 5.12 K fg mol -1).
62) 0.6 mL of acetic acid (CH3COOH) having density of 1.06 g mL-1 is dissolved in 1 litre of
water. The depression on freezing point observed for strength of acid was 0.0205 oc.
calculate the Van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of the acid.
63) What mass of Nacl (molar mass = 58.5 g mol -1) must be dissolved in 65.0 g of water to
lower the freezing point depression constant, Kf for water is 1.86 K kg mol -1. Assume
Van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.87.
64) 19.5 g of CH2FCOOH is dissolved in 500g of water. The depression in the freezing point
of water observed is 1.0oC. calculate the Van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of
fluoroacetic acid.
SECTION B
65) Practice NCERT Exemplar problems for chapter Solutions.