CE 417 CE LAWS, ETHICS, AND CONTRACTS

CLASSIFICATION OF
ENGINEERING SERVICES
S E C T I O N 2

PICE Manual of Professional Practice

CRUZ | DATINGINOO | HERNANDEZ C. | NAYRE | SARMIENTO C E 3 2 0 8

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HIGHWAY
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RESEARCH
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AIRPORT
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DESIGN
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CANAL
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CONSTRUCTION
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TUNNEL
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SERVICE
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WATER SUPPLY
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EMPLOYEE
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N E X T
2.1
GENERAL
The needs for professional civil engineering
services vary, and the civil engineering firms
that meet these needs vary in organizational
structure, size, and capability.

N E X T
Areas of civil engineering that firms can specialize in

GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURAL

N E X T
 Areas of civil engineering that firms can specialize in

TRANSPORTATION WATER RESOURCES

N E X T
 Areas of civil engineering that firms can specialize in

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Few civil engineering firms are

qualified to provide complete
service for all projects, and the
use of associate professionals to
provide specialized services is
common.

N E X T
 The types of Infrastructure under the domain of Civil
Engineering, pursuant to RA 544, as amended include:

Streets, bridges, highways Airports and hangars

and railroads

N E X T
 The types of Infrastructure under the domain of Civil
Engineering, pursuant to RA 544, as amended include:

Portworks, canals, river Buildings

and shore improvements,
light houses and dry docks

N E X T
 The types of Infrastructure under the domain of Civil
Engineering, pursuant to RA 544, as amended include:

Fixed structures for Tunnels

irrigation, flood protection,
drainage, water supply
and sewerage works

N E X T
Services provided by Civil Engineers can be grouped into
seven broad categories

1 Consultations,
research, 3 Construction
services 5 Engineering
support
investigations, services

4
and reports.

2 Design
services for
Special
services for 6 Academic
services
construction
construction
projects
projects
7 Services as
Employee

N E X T
2.2
CONSULTATIONS, RESEARCH,
INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORT
These services deal primarily with collecting,
interpreting, and reporting information,
together with formulating conclusions and
making recommendations.
N E X T
Services:
CONSULTATIONS, RESEARCH, INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORT

1 Preliminary
and Feasibility 4 Assistance in
Financial 7 Research and
Development
Investigations Matters
and Reports
5 Materials
8 Special

2 Planning Services
Engineering
Studies and Equipment

3
Tests
Appraisals,
Valuations and
Rate Studies
6 Direct Personal
Services
N E X T
2.2.1 Preliminary and Feasibility
Investigations and Reports

These services usually precede the

authorization of a capital project and
may involve extensive investigations,
analyses of conditions, and comparison
of several possible plans.

N E X T
 2.2.1 Preliminary and Feasibility
Impact on: Investigations and Reports

Environment Sustainable Costs, financing,

development revenue

Basis of conclusions and recommendations regarding the

advisability of undertaking a project.
N E X T
2.2.2 Planning Studies
These services may include the broad
areas of developing the engineering
requirements of master plans for
long-range capital improvement
programs. Such planning often requires
coordination of the work of many
engineering and other disciplines.

N E X T
2.2.2 Planning Studies

Plans: Land development, Environmental conditions

urban, and regional and impact studies

With subsequent engineering planning to improve or

maintain existing conditions.
N E X T
2.2.3 Appraisals, Valuations and
Rate Studies

These services may include

investigations and analyses of existing
conditions; capital and operating costs;
overhead costs and costs of financing:
and revenues as needed to evaluate a
property or to recommend
establishment of prospective rates.

N E X T
2.2.4 Assistance in Financial
Matters
The Civil Engineer may be engaged by a
client who is planning to issue bonds,
particularly revenue bonds, to finance a
capital project.

N E X T
2.2.4 Assistance in Financial
Matters

Annual revenue reqs.

Capability of Probable and appropriate rates to
facility construction cost provide income

N E X T
2.2.5 Materials Engineering and
Equipment Tests
These services include tests of materials
and equipment under established
codes and standards, specialized
examination of equipment and
materials used in construction and
industry, and other inspections and
monitoring required by a client.

N E X T
2.2.6 Direct Personal Services

Preparation for legal proceedings

Appearances before courts
Commissions to render expert
opinions and conclusions
Investigations of technical matters

Where specialized civil engineering

knowledge, experience, and judgment
is required.
N E X T
2.2.7 Research and
Development
Research - a specialized investigation and gathering of
data from existing resources or through laboratory works
and processes related to the purpose and object of the
research.
a. Development of new construction materials and
methods from concept to commercialization.

b. Improvement of construction materials and methods

through exhaustive studies to reduce total construction
cost and at the same time improve quality.

N E X T
2.2.8 Special
Services
These services can vary to suit special
needs of the client and can include
such diverse activities as:

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES:

1 Value
Engineering 4 Environmental
evaluations 7 Operational
Assistance

2 Appraisal and
Valuation 5 Traffic
Engineering 8
Materials
Process
Design
Forensic

3 Load Testing
6 engineering for
structural and 9 Pilot Studies

other failures
N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES:
Toxic and

10 Computer
Modeling 13 Hazardous
wastes
16 Expert
Witness
evaluation

11
Permit and
14
Safety
Application Representation
Engineering
Services of Municipal or
Topographic,
Sounding and Sales and
17 Private Entities
in Projects

12 Boundary
Survey
15 Marketing
Services
Proposed for
Privatization
Engineering N E X T
 2.3
Design Services For
Construction Projects
All services are preferably furnished by
the same Civil Engineer for consistency and
efficiency, although at times services in
various phases are furnished by different
engineers or by the client. The services are
supplemented by special services which may
be provided by the client, a specialized
engineer, or another Civil Engineer.
N E X T
Standard Phases of a Constructuion Project and Engnineering Services Needed

1. STUDY AND REPORT PHASE

Analysis of the clients needs,

conceptual design, conceptual
opinions of probable construction
cost

N E X T
Standard Phases of a Constructuion Project and Engnineering Services Needed

2. PRELIMINARY DESIGN PHASE

Preparation of final design

criteria, preliminary drawings,
outline specifications, and
preliminary opinions of probable
construction cost

N E X T
Standard Phases of a Constructuion Project and Engnineering Services Needed

3. FINAL DESIGN PHASE

Preparation of design
calculations, construction drawings,
specifications, estimated construction
cost, and other contract documents.

N E X T
Standard Phases of a Constructuion Project and Engnineering Services Needed

4. BIDDING OR NEGOTIATING
PHASE
Assistance to the client with
the bidding or negotiating process
for construction of the project.

N E X T
Standard Phases of a Constructuion Project and Engnineering Services Needed

5. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Advice and Consultation on

matters related to his services.

N E X T
Standard Phases of a Constructuion Project and Engnineering Services Needed

6. OPERATION PHASE

Assistance to the client in

start-up and operation of the
project, including periodic
inspections.

N E X T
2.3.1 Study and
Report Phase
Involves determination of project
scope and economic and technical
evaluation of feasible alternatives.

N E X T
The services performed during this phase may include:

1. Reviewing available data and

consulting with the client to
clarify and define the client’s
requirements for the project.

N E X T
The services performed during this phase may include:

2. Advising the client as to the

necessity of providing or
obtaining from others additional
data or services and assisting the
client in obtaining such data and
services. These additional
services may include
photogrammetry,
reconnaissance surveys,

N E X T
The services performed during this phase may include:

property surveys, topographic

surveys, geotechnical
investigations and consultations,
seismicity studies, compilation of
hydrological data, traffic studies,
materials engineering, assembly
of zoning, deed and other
restrictive land use information,
and environmental assessments.

N E X T
The services performed during this phase may include:

3. Identifying and analyzing

requirements of governmental
authorities having jurisdiction to
approve the design of the project
and participating in consultations
with such authorities.

N E X T
The services performed during this phase may include:

4. Providing analyses of the

clients needs, planning surveys,
comparative evaluations of
prospective sites and solutions.

5. Providing a general economic

analysis of the client’s
requirements applicable to
various alternatives

N E X T
The services performed during this phase may include:

6. Preparing a report and

presenting alternative solutions
available to the client with the
Civil Engineer’s findings and
recommendations.

N E X T
 2.3.2

Preliminary
Design Phase
- This phase involves the
establishment of the
general size and scope
of the project and its
location on the selected
site.
N E X T
The preliminary design services may include:

1. Consulting with the client,

reviewing preliminary reports,
clarifying and defining the project
requirements, reviewing available
data, and discussing general
scheduling. Conferences may also be
required with approving and
regulatory governmental agencies
and applicable utilities.

N E X T
The preliminary design services may include:

2. Advising the client as to

whether additional data or
services of the type described
under the study and report phase
above are required and assisting
the client in obtaining such data
and services.

N E X T
The preliminary design services may include:

3. Preparing preliminary
design documents
consisting of final design
criteria, preliminary
drawings, outline
specifications, and written
descriptions of the project.

N E X T
The preliminary design services may include:

4. Preparing revised estimates of

probable total project costs

5. Providing periodic status reports.

N E X T
2.3.3. Final Design
Phase
This phase of project
development is usually
undertaken only after the client
has approved the preliminary
design phase material.

N E X T
 The basic services for the final design phase may include:

1 2
Preparing construction Preparing and furnishing to
drawings and specifications the client a revised
showing the character and estimate of probable total
extent of the project based on project costs based on the
the accepted preliminary final drawings and
design documents. specifications.
 The basic services for the final design phase may include:

3
Furnishing the necessary engineering data and assisting in the
application for regulatory permits from local, or national authorities.
This is distinguished from and does not include detailed applications
and supporting documents for government grants-in-aid or planning
grants that would be furnished as additional services described later in
this section.
 The basic services for the final design phase may include:

4
Preparing basic documents related to construction contracts for review
and approval by the client (and the client's legal and other advisors).
These may include contract agreement forms, general conditions and
supplementary conditions, invitations to bid, instructions to bidders,
insurance and bonding requirements, and other contract-related
documents.
 The basic services for the final design phase may include:

5 6
Providing final design and construction
Furnishing to the
services for design- build contracts. The
client specified
engineer generally serves as a
number of copies of
subcontractor to a general contractor
drawings,
during the initial planning and design
specifications and
phases. Services provided by the engineer
other contract
may extend through the construction
documents.
phase, as appropriate.
The basic services for the final design phase may include:

7
Providing
periodic status
reports.
2.3.4

Bidding or
Negotiating Phase

N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Assisting the client in advertising for and obtaining bids or

negotiating proposals for each separate prime construction
contract, maintaining a record of prospective bidders to whom
bidding documents have been issued, attending pre-bid
conferences, and receiving and processing deposits for bidding
documents. N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Issuing addeda as appropriate to interpret, clarify,

expand or amend the bidding documents

N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Assisting the client in determining the

qualifications and acceptability of prospective
contractors, subcontractors and materials
suppliers.
N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Consulting with and advising the client as to the

acceptability of alternative materials and equipment
proposed by the prospective constructors when
substitution prior to the award of contracts is allowed
by the bidding documents. N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Attending the bid opening, preparing bid tabulations

sheets and providing assistance to the client in
evaluating bids and proposals and in assembling and
awarding contracts for construction, materials,
equipment and services N E X T
2.3.5
Construction Phase
This phase involves consulting with and
advising the client during construction
and is usually those associated with
service as the client's representative.
N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Reviewing, for compliance with design

concepts, shop and erection drawings
submitted by the constructors.
N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Reviewing laboratory, shop, and mill

test reports on materials and
equipment.
N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Visiting the project site at appropriate intervals

as construction proceeds to observe and report
on the progress and the quality of the executed
work.
N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Providing services during construction by a

full-time resident project representative, and
by supporting staff as required.
N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Issuing instructions from the client to the contractors,

issuing necessary interpretations and clarifications of
contract documents, preparing change orders, requiring
special inspections and testing of the work, and making
recommendations as to acceptability of the work. N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Making recommendations to the client on corrective

actions or contractual measures that may be
exercised by the owner.

N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Preparing sketches required to resolve

problems due to actual field conditions
encountered.
N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Determining amounts of progress payments due,

based on the degree of completion of the work, and
recommending issuance of such payments by the
client.
N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

Observing and assisting performance tests

and initial operation of the project.

N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

10

Preparing record drawings from information

submitted by the contractor.

N E X T
 SERVICES UNDER THIS PHASE MAY INCLUDE

11

Making a final inspection and reporting on

completion of the project, including
recommendations concerning final payments to
contractors and release of retained percentages.
N E X T
2.3.6
Operation Phase
This phase ensure efficient project start-
up and operation, through providing
additional services for the project.

N E X T
 The basic services for the operation phase may include:

Assisting in project start-up. Regular Inspection

Operator and Staffi Training Progress Reporting

2.4
CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES

N E X T
The construction services may include:

1 2
A registered civil engineer
A registered Civil Engineer
may engage in construction
may provide the services of
contracting after being
a supporting technical
licensed as a contractor by
employee as required of a
the contractor's accreditation
construction company. He
board. it is considered
shall be paid the
unethical for a civil engineer to
professional fees in addition
allow his license to be used by
to the regular salary for any
any other construction
design work he performs.
company except his own.
The construction services may include:

3 4
A Civil Engineer may be
employed as a construction A Civil Engineer when
engineer, project engineer, etc. employed is required to
in a project. According to comply with the code of
Section 23 of RA 544, only ethics of the profession as
registered Civil Engineers can the consulting Civil Engineer,
supervise construction of any
building and other civil
engineering works mentioned
in Section 2 of the said
Republic Act.
2.5
SPECIAL SERVICES
FOR CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS
N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Geotechnical engineering - including test borings,

sampling and analysis, and recommendations.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Special studies, tests, and process determinations to

establish design criteria or demonstrate compliance.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Land surveys, establishment of boundaries and

monuments, preparation of easement descriptions,
and related computations and drawings.
N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Engineering and topographic surveys for design and

construction.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Mill, shop, or laboratory inspections of the materials

and equipment.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Additional copies of reports, construction drawings,

specifications, and other documents as required for
bidding and construction beyond the number specified
in the Basic Services agreement. N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Extra travel and subsistence as defined by the

agreement for engineering services.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Value engineering - including review of the work of

other engineers, either within the same organization or
in other firms to determine whether a proposed
solution is optimum and, if not to suggest a better
approach for meeting the project’s functional and N E X T
financial criteria.
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

Redesign to reflect changes requested by the client or

necessitated by the client's acceptance of substitutions
proposed by the contractor.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

10

Assistance to the client as an expert witness in litigation

in connection with the project or in hearings before
approving and regulatory agencies.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

11

Final investigations involving detailed consideration of

operation, maintenance, and overhead expenses;
preparation of final rate schedules, and earning and
expense statements.
N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

12

Preparation of detailed applications and supporting

documents grants or advances for public works
projects.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

13

Plotting, computing, and filing of subdivision plans,

staking of lots, and other land planning and partitioning
activities.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

14

Preparation of environmental assessment and impact

statements and other assistance to the client in
connection with public hearings.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

15

Additional studies and design efforts to meet special

conditions encountered during construction.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

16

Assistance to the client in the selection and

engagement of architects, other engineers, contractors
and subcontractors, and observation and approval of
their services or work.
N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

17

Assessment of a completed project's ability to meet its

design intent relative to capacity, maintainability,
operability, or reliability.

N E X T
 SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

18

Computer simulation and modeling.

N E X T
2.6
ENGINEERING
SUPPORT SERVICES

N E X T
 Engineering Support Services

The professional services described above often require engineering

support services. Geotechnical engineering, for example, frequently
requires services such as taking soil and rock borings, excavating test pits
sampling and identifying soil and earth materials, field and laboratory
tests and geophysical measurements and observations.

The engineering support services in general civil engineering practice

may involve drafting, land and construction surveying, and other data
gathering activities for specialized purposes.
2.7
ACADEMIC
SERVICES

N E X T
Academic Services

These services involve full or part time teaching or training of prospective

professionals and also the upgrading of knowledge and skills of fellow
professionals. Academic services may include:

a. Teaching of civil engineering courses in engineering

colleges/universities on part/full time basis. As per RA 8981, all subjects for
licensure examinations shall be taught by persons who are holders of
valid certificates of registration/professional licenses and professional
identification cards, or special temporary permits, or a valid certificate of
competency for the profession issued by the Commission, and who
comply with the other requirements of the CHED.
Academic Services

b. Lecturing in civil engineering courses designed by the Philippine

Institute of Civil Engineers for practicing engineers who want to obtain
CPD credits.

c. Conducting tutorials/refresher courses on civil engineering concepts

and related subjects.

d. Serving as a Resource Speaker in Technical Session.

e. Writing technical articles and pamphlets.

2.8
SERVICES AS
EMPLOYEE

N E X T
Services as Employee

This is a condition when a Civil Engineer engages to perform work or

fulfill duties regularly for wages or salary being paid by an employer.
A Civil Engineer may be employed for any position or function in any
commercial or institutional organization. Where he is performing civil
engineering functions, he is required to follow the code of ethics for
Civil Engineers and comply with the standards and guidelines of this
manual.
A licensed Civil Engineer may not allow his licensed to be used by the
company that employs him without the proper agreement for his
professional services. Where the firm he is working for uses his license
to sign and seal the plans, specifications and contract document, the
Civil Engineer much charge the professional fee for said services.
Services as Employee

A Civil Engineer in part time employment with a firm is considered to

be an employee and at the same time a consultant of the firm.
The standards for an employee and an individual consultant as
defined in this manual apply to this Civil Engineer.
Any Civil Engineer employed as an individual consultant of any fort,
whether the firm is performing engineering, commercial,
administrative, management or financial services is required to rumply
with the requirements and the standards herein established for a
consulting Civil Engineering firm or consulting Civil Engineer.
Services as Employee

All Government Civil Engineers employed by the instrumentalities of

the Government e.g. national and local, shall be governed by pertinent
existing laws and regularities and particularly to those prescribed by
the Civil Service Commission. In case of any conflict with any of the
provisions of this Manual of Practice, such pertinent laws and
regulations shall take precedence and shall govern.
CE 417 CE LAWS, ETHICS, AND CONTRACTS

END OF PRESENTATION
THANK YOU
S E C T I O N 2

PICE Manual of Professional Practice

CRUZ | DATINGINOO | HERNANDEZ C. | NAYRE | SARMIENTO C E 3 2 0 8