Scribd
Upload
19 views4 pages

Experiment 1

Uploaded by

vishakharj01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views4 pages

Experiment 1

Uploaded by

vishakharj01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

LAB II

Experiment No.1
Study of Uniform Flow
Object: To study uniform flow formula for open channel using Manning’s formula.

Theory: The flow is said to be uniform when the properties of flow remain unchanged with
respect to distance. The main characteristics of uniform flow are -
1. The depth, area of flow, velocity and discharge remain constant at all cross sections of the
channel.
2. The energy line, the free water surface and bottom of the channel are parallel to each other.
Therefore the slope of the energy line Sf, the slope of water surface Sw and the bed slope So are
equal.
𝑆𝑓 = 𝑆𝑤 = 𝑆0 = 𝑆

Many uniform flow formulae have been developed to find out the mean velocity of flow for
turbulent uniform flow in open channel. These are known as Uniform Flow Formulae. The most
widely used formulae are the Chezy’s and Manning’s formulae. For the present experiment
Manning’s Formula is to be used.
1 2 1
𝑉 = ( ) 𝑅 (3) 𝑆 (2)
𝑛
Where,
1
n = Manning’s roughness coefficient with dimensions [𝐿−3 𝑇]
R = Hydraulic radius
S = Bed slope

Apparatus: A tilting flume set up.

Details of Apparatus: The apparatus consists of a tilting flume of 76 mm width and 250 mm
depth. The depth of flow is to be measured with a calibrated scale mounted on a trolley.
Hydraulic jack is fixed on the downstream end of the flume to adjust the slope. Discharge is to
be measured in a rectangular tank of 0.4m x 0.4m dimensions. Time required for collecting 0.1 m
rise of water level is to be measured.

Procedure:
1. Set the channel at a suitable bed slope ( S0 ) and measure it.
2. Open the inlet valve of water supply and allow the flow in the flume.
3. Achieve uniform flow in the flume.
4. Measure uniform (normal) depth ( yn ) of the flow.
Repeat the procedure width different bed slopes and different discharges

Observations:
1. Width of tilting flume B = 0.076 m
2. Length of tilting flume = 3.00 m

Observation table:

Slope of the Depth of flow in Time required to collect the water of 0.1 m
Sr no. channel channel depth

𝑑𝑦 H(m) t (sec)
𝑑𝑥

1 0.00167 0.0525 7.81

2 0.00333 0.0485 8.77

3 0.00500 0.0419 8.76

4 0.00667 0.0318 8.53

5 0.00833 0.0285 8.56

6 0.01000 0.0229 8.62

7 0.01167 0.0257 9.09


Sample calculations:

For uniform flow, 𝑦𝑛= 𝐻

1. Wetted perimeter (m)


𝑃 = 𝑏 + 2𝐻
= 0.076 + (2 x 0.525)
= 0.1810 m

2. Cross sectional area (m2)


𝐴 = 𝑏𝐻
= 0.076 x 0.525
= 0.0040 m2
3. Hydraulic radius (m)
𝐴
𝑅=
𝑃
= 0.0040/0.1810
=0.0220 m
4. Slope of channel
𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑆0 =
ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

5. Actual discharge (m3/s)


𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑄𝑎 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
= (0.4 x 0.4 x 0.1)/ 7.81
= 0.0020 m3/s
6. Average velocity (m/s)
𝑄𝑎
𝑉𝑎 =
𝐴
= 0.0020/0.0040
= 0.5134 m/s
7. Manning’s coefficient

2 1
𝑅3 𝑆 2
𝑛=
𝑉

= [0.02202/3 x 0.001671/2] / 0.5134

= 0.0063

Tabulated Calculations:

Wetted Cross Hydraulic Actual Manning’s roughness


perimeter sectional area radius discharge Velocity Coefficient
Sr No
P A R Qa V n
m m2 m m3/s m/s
1 0.1810 0.0040 0.0220 0.0020 0.5134 0.0063
2 0.1730 0.0037 0.0213 0.0018 0.4949 0.0090
3 0.1597 0.0032 0.0199 0.0018 0.5743 0.0090
4 0.1396 0.0024 0.0173 0.0019 0.7756 0.0070
5 0.1330 0.0022 0.0163 0.0019 0.8630 0.0068
6 0.1217 0.0017 0.0143 0.0019 1.0684 0.0055
7 0.1273 0.0020 0.0153 0.0018 0.9022 0.0074

Conclusion: Manning’s roughness coefficient ‘n’ = 0.0073

You might also like