LIFE ORIENTATION

Grade 11 Learner Guide

This Learner Guide is to be returned to the

school at the end of the academic year.

i
The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) has
repackaged the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) to improve its
implementation. As a result of the repackaging, content changes and
realignment may have occurred for some subjects.

This Learner Guide intends to assist the Grade 11 learner’s

comprehension of identified challenging content areas. Please note
that the Guide is NOT an examination guide, and it therefore does not
provide the scope for the examination. The guide also does not
replace the textbook, and neither does it substitute the meaningful
interaction between the teacher and the pupil in the classroom. It can
only be an additional value-adding resource where the afore-
mentioned already exist.

Copyright © 2013 Limpopo Province Department of Education

113 Biccard Street

Polokwane
0700

© All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealings for the purpose of
research, criticism and review as permitted under the Copyright Act,
no part of this guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
recording, without the permission of the Limpopo Province
Department of Education.

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 Contents

Term 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Development of Self in society: Weeks 1-3 ....................................................................................... 4
Career and Career choices: Weeks 4-6 ............................................................................................. 9
Democracy and Human Rights: Weeks 7-10 ................................................................................ 14
Term 2 .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Weeks 1- 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Social and environmental responsibility: Week 5-7 ........................................................................ 29
Term 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 36
Development of self in society: Week 1- 5 ...................................................................................... 37
Careers and career choices: Week 1- 5 ............................................................................................ 44
Term 4 .................................................................................................................................................. 63
Development of self in society: Week 1- 3 ...................................................................................... 63
Democracy and human rights: Week 4-6 ......................................................................................... 69
Learner File of CASS Evidence ....................................................................................................... 72
SUMMARY OF LEARNER’S MARK ........................................................................................... 73
DECLARATION OF OWNERSHIP OF WORK DONE IN THIS PORTFOLIO ......................... 74
TASK 1: WRITTEN TASK ............................................................................................................. 75
4 Ways Social Media Is Changing Your Relationships ..................................................... 76
FORMAT FOR Task 2 AND TASK 4: ........................................................................................... 89
FORMAT: Total marks [80] ...................................................................................................... 90
Task 3: Project ................................................................................................................................. 90
Task 5: PET ...................................................................................................................................... 96

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Term 1

Development of Self in society: Weeks 1-3

Plan and achieve life goals: apply various life skills as evidence of ability.

Types of goals:

GOAL SETTING

What are goals?

It is the result that you envision; plan and commit to achieve. Goals are the things we
want to achieve in life. It is our plans and aims. They are different from dreams and
wishes in that we can take active steps to achieve goals. We can turn our wish into a
goal.
When we have goals we know where we are going. Goals are important because they
help you to take charge of your life and make decisions.

Steps in planning and goal setting:

Reaching goals involves planning:

Set the goals

Reach the Come up

goal with a plan

Get to work
Stick to plan
on goal

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 ❖ Sometimes it might be necessary to revise a goal as circumstances and other
goals change. Don’t see this as failure: it’s a victory because you had the
insight to realist that the goal needed changing.

Problem solving skills:

❖ These are skills that can help you to get around problems and continue on your
journey to you big goal. You learn problem solving skills; you are not born with
it.

Plan: make
plans for
what you
want to
achieve

Act: If your
plans dont Do: set your
work, plans into
improve actin
your plans

Check:
Make sure
your plans
work

Perseverance and persistence:

Goals take hard word, perseverance and persistence.

Perseverance: When you carry on, even if it seems that it your hard work is not paying
off.
Persistence: You keep on without stopping.
You can achieve your goals if you make sure they are SMART

You must set SMART goals.

S SPECIFIC What do I want to achieve? You must say exactly what you
want to achieve.
Who is involved?/What do I need to be able to do this.
M MEASURABLE You must be able to measure if your make progress and
achieve
A ACIEVABLE What do I need to achieve it? Money, skills, abilities

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 R REALISTIC or You must be able to achieve it and must be willing to work
RELEVANT towards achieving the goals.
T TIME BASED You must set a time limit to achieve your goals

Important life goals and prioritising family, marriage, parenting, career choice
and relationships.
❖ It is important to prioritise your goals so that you have a balance between the
important goals in your life and the less important things in your life.
❖ Later in your life it will be important to decide whether your career or your family
is the most important for you
❖ You priorities will change in the different stages of your life.

Relationships and their influence on own well-being: different types with

different people/groups and their changing nature.
❖ It is very important to know yourself and what you want from life. Your attitude
towards life and society is based on your personal values.
❖ Examples of personal values are:

believe to
believe to respect
being others
honest is
best
believe you
must
contribute to
society not
just take

Personal values

❖ Values will determine your choices. E.g. if you believe that it is important to protect
the environment, you will respect it and choose to recycle.
❖ It is the principals you think are important in life. It helps you to make decisions on
how you want to live your life.
❖ You values will influence the decisions you make.
❖ It will influence the kind of goals you set in your life. Your values will shape your
mission statement.

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❖ Things that will influence your values are your environment, your school, important
people in your life etc.
❖ Values help you to choose what is important to you- it helps you to set your
priorities.

Relationships and their influence on own well- being” different types with
different people. Groups and their changing nature.

Throughout our lives we depend on relationships for well-being. It you have good
relationship with members of your family and friends and colleagues you feel happy
and confident. When there is conflict in any of these relationships it can affect your
well-being and also threaten your ability to form new relationships.
Life changes and with every change, relationships change as well. Some develop fast
as life opens new opportunities. Others develop slow and steadily. Some people are
forced to change quickly because of unexpected events in their lives.

Natural developments that change Unexpected events that change

relationships relationships
✓ Moving to another area ✓ Accidents
✓ Meeting new people ✓ Job loss
✓ Health changes ✓ Losing money
✓ New interest ✓ Violent crime
✓ Getting older ✓ War
✓ Earning money ✓ Death of a family member
✓ Death of a close friend
✓ Separation and divorce

Your family is where you for your first relationships and where you are going to see
the greatest changes in your relationships.
Your parents and family are aware of the changes you are going through. They need
time to get used to the new you. Take time to talk to your family. Your family prepares
you for the world. You learn the importance of sharing and accepting responsibilities
and the need for order and routine. You absorb attitudes, values and ways of
behaviour form your family. As you grow older and form new relationships you can
decide which attitudes and values you want to keep and what you want to change.

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Skills and qualities which make good relationships

Able to
work in Communicate
team acceptin
Supportive
g others

Mutual
sympathetic
respect

Caring good listenrer

Skills and qualities

not expecting others
Unselfish which make good to think like you
relationships

Rights and responsibilities in relationships

Being human means that you have unique abilities and qualities. And because
everything is interconnected you are in powerful position. You will decide how you
choose to relate to yourself and to others, this will create the world you live in. You
have rights in your relationships to be respected, but with you will also have the
responsibility to act with respect to others.

Social and cultural views that influence and affect relationships.

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You are in a relationship with your culture and the environment. This will influence
how you will view certain things. Social and cultural view will determine how you relate
to some people.

Impact of media on values and beliefs about relationship

❖ The media often urges us to put our values and beliefs about relationships to one
side and focus on buying into their advertising. Sometimes it makes us unhappy
with ourselves, and then promises us that we will feel better and have better
relationships if we buy what they are selling. It is important to remember that we
are good enough as we are, and that our relationships are based on values such
as respect and equality, and not what we own or how we look on the surface.

❖ Social media such as Facebook, Mxit and Twitter are great ways of connecting
with people. They problem is that they make it too easy to share too much
information about yourself and your life. This could put you at risk, because privacy
being violated and can be dangerous. Online friends could betray your trust
publically.

Career and Career choices: Weeks 4-6

Requirements for admission to additional and higher education courses:

When you pass grade 12, your marks will determine whether you can study for higher
certificate, a diploma or a degree. What are the requirements for each of these types
of study?

GRADE 12 PASS REQUIRMENTS FOR CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA AND DEGREE

STUDIES
Higher certificate ✓ This is the most basic qualification that you can do after
school.
✓ Certificate focuses on basic knowledge and skills in
occupations and vocational fields such as early
childhood, building and construction, business
administration and tourism and hospitality.
✓ Admission requirements for the study for higher
certificate:
✓ 7 subjects- pass of 30% in each

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 ✓ 1 subject must be the language of learning and
teaching at the higher education institution
✓ Different institutions require additional combinations of
subjects and levels of achievements.
Diploma ✓ You study a diploma if you want focussed knowledge
and practical skills in a career field. The minimum
admission requirements for a diploma is:
✓ 30% in the language of learning and teaching at the
institution of learning
✓ A pass in four 20 credit subjects of 40-49%
✓ Any other additional requirements of the institution
✓
Bachelor’s Learners who want to study for a degree focus their studies
on the knowledge and skills required for a specific career field.
The minimum admission requirements are:
✓ 30% in the language of learning of the teaching at the
higher education institution
✓ A pass in 4 of the 20 credit subjects of 50-59%
✓ Any other institutional requirements

Understand this very important difference!!!!

NB! The pass requirement for NSC for a Home language is 40%
The access requirements of an institution of learning pass requirements are 30% for
the language of learning of the institution.
What is the difference? You need to get 40% in the Home language to get a NSC or
grade 12 certificate, but you need 30% in the language that you get your lectures in
at the college or university. So if you want to go to Tukkies in Pretoria or Stellenbosch
in the Western Cape, you will need 30% for Afrikaans to be able to get access. If
Sepedi is you Home Language and you want to go to University of Johannesburg you
need to get 30% for English as your first additional language, because lectures will be
in English.

Evaluate additional and higher education options

❖ Admission Score Points for institutions of higher learning and admission
requirements for specific programmes/courses.
❖ Before you can study at a higher education institution you need to calculate
your Admission Points Score (APS)
❖ You need to convert your percentage pass marks for grade 12 into points.
❖ If you meet the admission requirements, you qualify to apply for the
course. You not have access to the course; it only means that they will
allow you to complete an application.
❖ Spaces at universities are limited, so you need the best possible marks to
increase your chances of being admitted.

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Activity: Homework
Work out your own APS score:
Achievement level NSC percentage Points
7 90-100% 8
80-89% 7
6 70-79% 6
5 60-69% 5
4 50-59% 4
3 40-49% 3
2 30-39% 2
1 0-29% 1

Your subjects:
Your subjects NCS percentage Points
Home Language
FAL
Mathematics/Maths lit
Life Orientation
Subject 1
Subject 2
Subject 3
Subject 4

Admission requirements for specific programmes/courses:

In addition to the APS score, some higher education institutions require you to do
specific subjects at school as a basis for admission. For example, if you want to
become a doctor, you must do Life Sciences, Mathematics and Physical science.
Some institutions expect you to write a selection test on top of the APS score.

National Benchmarks TEST (NBT)

These tests were designed to measure students’ levels of proficiency in Academic Literacy,
Quantitative Literacy and Mathematics. There are two tests of three hours each. The first test
is the Academic and Quantitative Literacy test (AQL), which is written by all applicants for all
programmes in Health Sciences. The second test is the Mathematics test, which is also
known

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as the Cognitive Academic Mathematical Proficiency (CAMP) test. This is to
be written by all applicants doing or who have done Mathematics (not Mathematical
Literacy). The test results will be used in addition to the Matric results and other
admission criteria. (This is a standard test for all medical schools in South Africa. You
are required to write one test only, irrespective of the number of medical schools you
have applied to. A fee is charged for the test.)

You will be able to write this test in a town close to your home or a university close to
your home. For further information about the placement test venues, visit the website
www.nbt.ac.za and register online. You will also be able to register with your cell phone
at www.nbt.ac.za/mobile. Most universities require you to write this test on the same
day and most universities will only use first- attempt results for selection purposes.
The cost to write the NBT test will differ from university to university, but it costs around
R200 for both tests.

Options for financial assistance:

Bursaries
•You quality for a bursary if you perform well at school and do not have the money to study further
•Companies select students to study int the areas with skills shortages, such a a s accounting, engineering etc.

Study loans
•A bank or company lends your money
•You have to pay back the money or work for the company

Scholarships
Some companies may give you scholarship if you do very well at school in your
studies. Your results need to be above average

SETA's Sector Education and Training Authorities

They offer bursaries to study in areas with scarce skills

Learnerships: It is a learning programme that gives you an occupational

qualifications when you have completed the programme successfully. You study
work and earn money at the same time.

The Learnership Programme:

A learnership is a learning programme where the learner spends some time learning
theory and some time learning practical skills in the workplace.
A learnership should lead to a qualification registered on the NQF. Learnerships in
different fields are controlled by SETA (the Sector Education and Training
Authority)
What are your financial options?
Bursaries or scholarship These are awarded to students who
excel in a particular field and wish to

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 pursue a career in that area. Sports
bursaries to top performing sports
people
Merit award These may be given based on your
school results or at the end of a year of
study when you have maintained an
excellent set of result.
Financial aid Financial assistance may be given after
a detailed personal financial analysis is
done that shows your parents are not
able to pay for your studies
Study loans Applying at a bank for a study loan. This
will have to be paid back over time as
requires you and your family to have a
full financial assessment and often a
medical examination
Parents/guardian If you are fortunate enough to have
someone who will pay for your studies.
Working as student Working as a student to pay for your
studies
Many students work part time in the
evening and over weekends to help pay
for their studies.
Working for a company A company you work for can finance
your studies. Many companies give
bursaries to students and assist them
with their payments. In return the
students work for them on a contract
basis
NSFAS: National Student Financial Aid SA’s only public student loan scheme
Scheme which helps academically deserving and
financial needy students

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Obligations in terms of financial arrangements:

Bursaries, student loans and scholarships come with certain financial obligations. You
will be expected to repay or work back time for the financial support you got from the
institution, regardless of whether you complete or pass your course. It is very
important to check the conditions of the contract that you will sign with your sponsor
for financial aid. Make sure of the terms and conditions for example if they will require
you to work back a number of years for the company who sponsor your, or what the
repayments of the bank loan will be.

Democracy and Human Rights: Weeks 7-10

Principals, processes and procedures for democratic participation: public

participation and petition process, governance and the law-making process,
Rule of Law, transparency, representation and accountability.

What is Democratic participation?

The rights and dignity

of every citizen is Seperation of
respected. All are powers of the
equal in the eyes of the government
law
Citizens vote
Elective
and elect others
representatives
to represent
are answerable
them in
to the public
government

Decisions and
SOUTH AFRICA:
the resons for
We have a
representative
DEMOCRACY them are not
secret:
democracy
Transparency

Democratic structures: National ,provincial ,local government and community

structures, traditional authorities and political parties, interest groups, business, public
participation and petition process

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We have 3 levels of government-national, provincial and local

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
Parliament Cabinet Courts
National Assembly President Constitutional Court
National Council of Ministers Courts of Law
Provinces
Members are elected by Members are chosen by Members are the judges
citizens of the country the president from the and magistrates
They make laws representatives in They make sure
parliament everybody obeys the laws
They implement the laws

Provincial government Local government Traditional authorities

The function of the Local governments The constitution
provincial government is consist out of recognizes the authority of
to deal with issues of its municipalities which deal traditional leaders and
province such as roads, with local issues such as their rights to apply
transport, dedication, electricity, water, refuse customary law. The laws
health services collections, traffic, town may not conflict the
The provincial planning, and fire Constitution
government is lead by the services.
premier.
The provincial legislature
make laws for the
province, but it cannot be
against national laws or
the Constitution

Governance: What is Governance? Governance it what a government does. Good

governance is when a government develops and implements fair, honest and
transparent systems.

Rule of Law: What is Rule of Law? The Rule of law says that no one is above the
laws of a country. The country is governed according to the Constitution and laws of
the country and not according to the decisions made by individual leaders.

The highest court in the land is the Constitutional Court. The Magistrates Courts, High
Courts and Supreme Court of Appeal are responsible for judging what should be done
to people who have broken the law.

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Transparency and accountability: What is accountability? It is when citizens make
sure government do not abuse its power and that it governs in everyone’s interest. In
a democracy the elected officials are accountable to those who voted for them.

Public participation and petition process: See task 1 Activity in learners file of
evidence.

Public
Protector

Electoral Auditor
Commission General

Structures
that will
protect you

Independent
Human Rights
Broadcasting
Commission
Authority

Commission for Gender

Equality

Local community structures: non-governmental, community based and faith

based organisations and representative council of learners.

Non Governmental organisations: NGOs: they are organisations that don’t get any
financial support from the government for the work they do. They don’t have political
affiliation or agenda. They aim to guide and supports people such as bind, aids
orphans etc.

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Community based organisations: This is an organisation who aims to uplift the
community or support a disadvantaged group in a community.

Faith based organisations: Some religious groups or churches also have

organisations that support members or their congregations or community.

Representative council of learners: The South African Schools Act makes the
Representative Council of Learners compulsory for every public school that has
learners from Grade 8 upwards.

See Activity Task 1 in learner guide.

Principals and functions of structures in addressing the interest of civil society

and how structures changes: constitutions, elections, representation of
constituencies, mandates, lobbying advocacy and the running of meetings.

All communities and countries need rules stipulating how they should be governed.
This is exactly what a constitution does. A constitution describes:
❖ How the government is to be elected
❖ What powers are
❖ What rights, freedoms and duties citizens have.

South Africa is a constitutional democracy because it governed according to

theconstitution.

Very important
content and
explanations
below:

Elections:

The constitution says that an election must be held every five years. The people who
are able to vote are called the electorate. If the majority of the people are not happy
with the government, they will be able to vote it out of power. The party that wins the
election will become the majority party and the new government.
To be able to be part of the electorate you must be:
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 ✓ A south African citizen
✓ Over 18 years
✓ Qualify to vote in terms of South African law.

Representation of constituencies:

The areas or districts the country is divided into

for election purposes are called constituencies.
A representative is elected to serve the
constituency.

Mandates:
Mandates: If a representative wants to implement policies, he or she
needs a mandate from the constituency. A mandate is to have the support
from the electorate to make decisions or to do something specific. The
political party will tell the people in its election campaign what they want
to do.

Lobbying

This is the practice of influencing and

convincing others to support you viewpoint. A
person will take a stand against an issue such
as rhino poaching

Advocacy:

It is the verbal support for a cause or position

It is the person who will do advocacy for a cause

Running of meetings:

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 Politicians need to make decisions they run meetings to get other people opinion. You
need the knowledge of meeting and meeting procedure to run the meetings effectively
The Constitution gives you a guarantee that you can make your own political choice
without intimidation, threats or violence. In a real democracy you need more than one
party. You need an opposition to challenge the government policies.

Processes whereby civil society can participation in the structures and well as
in the governance and law-making process of the country.

How can ordinary people get involved?

• Once you are 16 you can register as a voter. You can vote in an election when
you are 18 years old.
• Attending meetings: You can attend your local council meetings and everyone
has the right to visit parliament and attend sessions of the National assembly
• You can make your voice know.
• Keeping informed. Keep informed by reading different newspapers and listen
to the radio and television.

Role of sport in nation building: participation and spectator behaviour in sport

Incidence of particular behaviour and what triggers certain behaviour

South Africans celebrated when Bafana Bafana scored the first goal in the opening
match of the FIFA World Cup in South Africa in 2010. Then, ten minutes before the
final whistle, the nation was devastated when Mexico scored the equaliser to draw the
match. Siphiwe Tshabalala became a national hero when he scored the first goal.
From that moment, and after the 1–1 draw against Mexico, South Africans of all races
and cultures were united behind their team – and even more so when they beat France
2–1,despite most people’s expectations that they would lose.

This patriotism followed months of division over the country’s chances of hosting the
FIFA World Cup successfully and negative attitudes of millions of South Africans about
Bafana Bafana’s ability to win a single game.

Exposure to positive behaviour programmes

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South Africa has produced good sportsmen and sportswomen who have inspired
fellow South Africans through their hard work and dedication to their team or their
national colours.
You should feel the same spirit of unity and show the same level of support when your
school team competes against another school, whether it wins or loses. You should
be proud when one of your school’s learners gets chosen for a regional or provincial
team.

Impact of behaviour on participants, spectators, teams, opposition, community,

society and nation at large
A recent survey by the Wall Street Journal found that cheating in sports and in
business is increasing. Even if this is true, it is no excuse to cheat. Honesty in
sport builds character.

Suppose you accidentally touch the soccer ball in front of the goal with your
hand and you score a goal, but the referee did not see the touch. Do you tell
the referee that the ball hit your hand? Or do you keep quiet and celebrate
with your teammates?

Explore impacts of behaviour :

Hansie Cronjé was captain of the South African national cricket team in the 1990s. As
a very successful batsman and captain, he was a national sporting hero for millions of
South Africans of all colours and cultures. However, in April 2000 he confessed to
match-fixing. He was secretly paid large amounts of money by bookmakers (or betting
agents) to ‘fix’ the outcome of cricket matches, or the
scores of the team or of individual players. Some of Cronjé’s teammates, such as
Herschelle Gibbs, were also involved and received a shorter suspension and fines in
the King Commission of Inquiry into the matter. Let’s see what impact the Hansie
Cronjé scandal had on everyone, from his fellow players to the South African nation.
There were mostly negative effects from the Hansie Cronje scandal, but also positive
ones.

Extract from Headstart Grade

11/Oxford

How sport can support nation building.

The Springboks won the Rugby World Cup in 1995 in an important and fragile time in
South Africa’s history. It was only a year after the first democratic election in South
Africa. Many people were still coming to terms with the new democracy and the
political changes that it brought.

20
When a country’s teams or sportspeople are victorious, its citizens are united as
supporters and as a nation. But often, when athletes or teams lose, or when they win
controversially, racial bias and prejudice comes to the surface easily. When Caster
Semenya won gold in the 800 m World Championship race in 2009, celebrations over
her victory turned sour when it became
public that she was asked to have a gender test. The unprofessional handling of the
Semenya case turned a positive event into a negative one with political overtones. It
divided many South African supporters along racial line .

Extract from Headstart Grade 11/Oxford

Term 2

Weeks 1- 4

Study styles and skills.

Applying own study skills, styles and study strategies:

Organising

Memory
Concentration
Study
skills

Understanding
Reading

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Study skills: examine how learning takes place and reflect on effectiveness:

When you were born your brain had all its nerves and cells and neurons, but not all of
them were connected to each other. As you learn they become connected as you learn
and messages travel from one neuron to another. The more active your brain is, the
stronger the connections become .

Learning shapes your brain. The neurons that are used regularly grow stronger. This
means your brain will never stop thinking. Learning, remembering and exploring
unless you stop using it.

The more you learn, the better you will be at learning

Learning new things needs repetition.

How effective is your learning?

Some learners struggle to study. The reason is not that the work is difficult, but they
are not using the right study skills.

Assignment: Evaluate you own study skills and style, identify you mistakes. Design
your own action plan to improve your skills and methods by using the table below..

List of 10 common mistakes learners make and see how to improve your own mistakes

Mistake How to improve

Organising: ➢ Break down the work in smaller units that you can handle
• Do not know where to start at a time
• Too much to learn ➢ Manage smaller part at a time and tick off each page or
part you complete to motivate yourself
Planning: ➢ Start immediately and work every day, do not wait for the
• Study all night before the exam end of the year.
.....but too late, you are not ready
Comprehension/Understanding: ➢ Look at previous question papers and see how many
• I do not understand what is questions appear on a topic
important and what to leave out ➢ Look at the headings in you textbook
➢ Ask your teacher to indicate what is important or not
➢ Check the number of compulsory questions you will have
to answer on a topic and how many marks it will count.
Concentration: ➢ Give yourself short breaks after 20 minutes of studying.

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 • Day dream a lot ➢ Break down the work in small portions and reward
yourself with a break when completed
Reading:/Memory ➢ Try to link what you know with what you read
• Read but cannot remember..... ➢ Make summaries of what you read
➢ Say the summaries aloud and imagine that you are
teaching somebody else the content
➢ Repeat the same portion after you complete the section
Reading: ➢ Make sure you get enough sleep
• Fall asleep when you read ➢ Limit your time you spend with friends, your phone and
in front of the TV.
➢ Draw mind maps
➢ Ask yourself questions as you study
➢ Underline the most important words/key words
Memory: ➢ Test yourself
• Don’t feel sure that I will ➢ Give written answers for questions
remember
Concentration: ➢ Ask yourself if you are really tired or is it because the
• Feel tired and want to sleep when work is over whelming?
I must study ➢ Take regular small breaks, drink water

Organisation: ➢ Think about your goals and what you want to achieve in
• I just can motivate myself to life. Your education is your gateway to success. Remind
study it is boring and a waste of yourself that hard work is part of the road to success and
time exams are part of it
➢ See yourself achieving success
➢ Think of yourself as successful person

Study styles and methods:

- Study styles as preferred way of approaching tasks:

In a soccer match each player has a different role and style. Some are defenders and
others are goal keepers, goal scores, strikes etc. Like soccer players we have different
styles when we learn. We all reach the end differently. Understanding you study
style/method is the key to your success.

You might find that you use different study styles for different subjects.

23
 Making
notes

Study
Mind Essay
methods
mapping writting
/strategy

Learning
concepts

Activity:

1. Make list of your subjects and identify the study style you use most in each subject

Type of style Characteristics Tools to learning

You learn when you see a Diagrams
Visual learning picture, diagram or Pictures
explanation Mind Maps/timelines/

Verbal learning You learn is there is a Listening to teacher

spoken or written Reading the textbook
engagement Writing down what you
read
Speaking to yourself when
you study
Active learning When you do something Note making
like applying your Making mind maps
knowledge to solve a Past test and exam papers
problem Practical exercise
Reflective learning You think through things Anything that will let you
after they have been earn the principals or
taught absorb the content of the
lesson afterwards
Study styles as preferred way of approaching tasks

24
Study strategy as a way to approach a specific task in the light of perceived demands.
What do we mean with strategy? Strategy is the way you will do something. You will
identify the things you are best in and things you are not good in. You will choose the
best way to learn by choosing the right strategy.

Study strategy is the way in which you apply your skills and styles in different situations
to achieve your goals.

How you study

group or alone?

Study
strategy

Examination writing skills and process of assessment

• Time management skills and annual study plan

25
• During the normal school day:

Make time
Study for
for Keep summaries
excersice to revise at hand
40-60 minutes and sport when you are
and take a waiting in line or
break at taxi
Prioritise
Study the your work
most you need to
difficult study
work first

Identify your
Prioritise
best time to
assignments
study

During exam writing

➢ You can end up spending too much time on one question and leaving another
question too little time.
➢ The best way to tackle time management is to divide your total time by the number
of questions you have.
➢ You can tackle the problem by dividing your total exam time into percentages.
➢ Example: You have a two hour paper (120 minutes) that will count 100 marks.

Sections Persentage Calculation Time

Questions
Question 1 30 marks 30% x120 36 minutes
minutes
Question 2 20 marks 20%x 120 24 minutes
minutes
Question 3 50 marks 50% ?
Total 100 marks 120 minutes

The following are Common mistakes

made by learners in exam
26
 The learners:
➢ Do not read the instructions carefully
➢ Do not check whether they must answer all
the questions or do have a choice
➢ Do not read all the questions before
starting to answer
➢ Do not answer the easiest questions first
➢ Do not plan your time
➢ Do not leave space between answers
➢ Do not write your name on all pages of
answer sheet
➢ Do not check how many marks each of the
answers carries
➢ Do not write neat and litigable
➢ Do not leave time at end to go over all
answers
➢ Do not check if you have answered al the
questions
➢ Do not give examples when asked to do so
➢ Number questions incorrect
How to answer different types of exam questions:
TIPS FOR➢ANSWERING
Do not answer the question
QUESTION:
❖ Multiple choice:
✓ Try to answer the question before you look at the answer
✓ Eliminate the wrong answers
✓ If it is a long sentence, underline the key words and verbs.
✓ Break the question into smaller parts

❖ True and false:

✓ If part of the statement is true and part is false, then the answer is
false, unless there are words such as usually or sometimes.
✓ Words like:” all, none, always or never” generally makes a statement
false.

27
 ✓ When a statement is given negatively, state the item without the no,
never or not and see if it is true or false. If now the statement reads
true, mark it as false.

❖ Matching items question:

✓ Start with the easiest matches first
✓ Cross out matches as you use them
✓ Choose the alternative that is closest to the truth if you can’t make a
perfect match.

❖ Completion and short answer question:

✓ Read the question carefully to make sure what it says
✓ Answer only what the question is asking for

❖ Case study questions

✓ Read each question carefully to find out exactly what is being asked.
✓ Plan your answer before you write it
✓ Answer the questions in the order presented, as the information often
builds from one to the next.
✓ Support your answer with evidence
✓ Decide what is relevant and what is less relevant or important.

Homework Activity: Annual study plan:

Complete the following table:
Subject Due Test Exam date Study ✓ Goals
dates for dates dates and achieved
tasks times
English
Home
Lang
Maths Every day
5-6 am
LO Task 1: / 6 June
27/3 12
September
Subject 5
Subject 6

28
 Subject 7 Important content
for exam and
extended writing!
Social and environmental responsibility: Week 5-7

• What are the environmental issues that cause ill-health?

The use of harmful substances in food production:

Substance How it is used How cause ill health

Antibiotics Given to animals to ✓ Will get into milk and meat of
prevent diseases animal
✓ You can absorb antibiotics
Given to animals to grow when eating meat and milk
faster ✓ When you are sic your body
will show resistance against
other antibiotics
Plastics/ metal Polystyrene/plastic/use ✓ When you recycle plastic you
cans and paper to package food and cause pollution
packets drinks like eggs, cups ✓ They release chemicals that
and bottles are harmful to your health
Food additives Chemicals are used to ✓ Some people are allergic to
preserve food and give it some additives and can have
colour and flavour severe reactions such as
asthma attacks
Pesticides Chemicals used to kill ✓ Pesticides are stored in body
insects and weeds fat and can make people ill.
✓ Can get into drinking water.

Inhumane farming methods: Where?

On farm During transport In sale yards Abattoir

✓ Animals are ✓ Overcrowded ✓ Keep them in ✓ Badly operating
kept in small onto vehicle and pens with not machinery for
cages they suffocate enough food, slaughtering
✓ Animals are ✓ Long journey at water and chickens
over worked back of vehicle space ✓ Inefficient
on farm ✓ Beating and methods of
✓ Animals must tail cutting cutting animals
carry too causes stress throats can
heavy carts and pain to causes them
✓ Not given animals fear, pain and
enough food stress

29
 ✓ No shelter or
not enough
space

NB!
- Impact of defor exam
Content

Degradation on society and the environment: environmental hazards such as

soil erosion, pollution, radiation, floods, fires, damage caused by wind and loss
of open space or lack of infrastructure

Environmental hazards:
Danger to the environment
Can not prevent them e.g droughts,
volcanic eruptions, lightning

Deforestation:
Cutting down or burning all the treas in
area

Green house gasses: any gases that make the

earth heat up such as carbon dioxide, methane,
etc.

Environmental degradation and hazards:

Examples of environmental Examples of environmental hazards

degradation
❖ Soil erosion: ❖ Radiation
❖ Air pollution ❖ Fire

❖ Land pollution ❖ Floods

30
❖ Water pollution: ❖ Lack of infrastructure
❖ Noise pollution ❖ Loss of open space

❖ Soil erosion: This happens when the fertile top layer of soil is removed and
plants cannot grow.
Cause of soil erosion: Topsoil is removed by wind, water, overstocking with
animals and overcrowding by people.
❖ Impact of soil erosion: When there is not enough topsoil to allow plants to
grow and not enough dead plant material covering the soil to replenish the
topsoil, flooding and drought happen. Farming becomes difficult and food
becomes more expensive. Soil erosion can cause ill health because less
healthy food can be grown for people to eat. It can also cause ill health because
as the soil is washed away it can might fill dams and reservoirs with mud and
contaminate or dirty the drinking water.

❖ Pollution: What is pollution? Pollution is dumping substances or

disturbances into the environment that harm living organism, including people
We will experience health problems like wheezing, coughing, shortness of
breath, blocked runny nose, sinusitis.

❖ Air pollution: Sources of air pollution are burning of rubbish; industrial

processes and motor vehicle that release waste gases and very small particles
into the air. It cause ill health such as asthma, bronchitis and lung diseases.

❖ Water pollution: Sources of water pollution are industrial and mining waste,
sewage and domestic waste that are released into groundwater and rivers. If
farmers use too many fertilisers and too much manure, these substances get
into the water and poison it. People who drink the water will become ill.

❖ Noise pollution: Sources of noise pollution are aircrafts, railways, resident

building close to industrial buildings.

❖ Light pollution: Sources of light pollution are artificial lights that alter natural
levels of light and darkness enough to disrupt ecosystems. It includes street,
security and advertising display lighting and floodlighting of buildings and sport
stadiums.

❖ Land pollution: Sources of land pollution are dumping of mining industrial and
domestic waste. Rubbish dumps can threaten the health of people because
rubbish decays. This decay encourages household pests and germs. If rubbish

31
 is burn it can add to air pollution. Mining also poisons water so that you cannot
drink it or use if for irrigation.

❖ Environmental hazards:

❖ Radiation: We are all exposed to radiation every day. Most radiation is natural
and harmless. However radiation, especially ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the
sun, can cause skin cancer and cataracts. Some pollutants such as
chlorofluorocarbs (CFC’s
Which are used in fridges or aerosol cans or to make plastics can damage the
ozone layer, which is the layer of the atmosphere that protects your from the
harmful rays of the sun.

Radiation from cell phones or cell phone masts can be harmful.

Floods as environmental hazard: Floods happen when:

❖ There is a lot of rain or it rains for long times. The water does not drain
away and water levels rise
❖ Storms make the sea level rise.
❖ Dams burst or rivers burst their banks.

Effects of floods on society:

❖ Wash away trees plants and crops
❖ Bury everything in mud
❖ Cause sinkholes
❖ Damage gas or electricity supplies
❖ Destroys homes
❖ Drown people and animals
❖ Contaminate water so that it is not safe to drink
❖ Cause sewage to overflow inside ;your home and on the streets.

Fires as environmental hazard:

❖ Natural fires are hazards, and degradation makes the effects of fires worse.
Alien trees usually burn at much hotter temperatures than fires in
indigenous vegetations. The result is that natural vegetation cannot recover
as well as it would if only indigenous tress, gasses and plants had burned
❖ Fireworks and lightning are another example of fires that are hazards to the
environment. Fires that started at this way can burn down houses and
crops which means people don’t have anywhere to live or food to eat. It can
also damage the electricity supply
❖ Another way fires can start is by damaged electrical cords, overloading of
plugs, cooking oil catching alight or children playing with matchers.

Environmental hazard: Lack of open space and lack of infrastructure.

32
 ❖ People who live in or near towns and cities take over large areas of land that
could be used for growing crops and grazing cattle. They cut down trees that
produce oxygen and that use the carbodioxides that cause climate change.
❖ The infrastructure of towns and cities cannot cope with all the people. Due to
a lack of houses people build temporary shelters that aqre not strong or do not
keep out the rain
❖ The sewerage system cannot cope with all the extra waste. Then sewage gets
into the water and makes it unfit to drink
❖ As there is no electricity people make coal and wood fires, which causes
pollution.
❖ Rubbish is not collected. Instead, it is dumped in open spaces where it is left
to rot and burn. Rubbish attracts pest and rats and causes diseases.

What is the meaning of the depletion of resources such as fishing stocks,

firewood and land?
Depletion of resources such as fish and trees means that they are used faster than
they can breed or grow. This can have a affect on people’s health and on their ability
to earn money.

Overfishing: Many people depend on the ocean for food security and ways to earn
a living. Overfishing is catching so many adult fish in the sea or in dams that not
enough remain to bread. They will get fewer and fewer until there is nothing to catch
any more.
Harmful effect on environment and people:
✓ Whole species or types of fish can disappear
✓ People who eat mostly fish won’t have enough food and they will suffer from
malnutrition
✓ People who rely on fishing to earn a living will not have a job.

Firewood: Many people rely on firewood for heating and cooking. Some people sell
firewood to earn money. If trees are cut down or collected for firewood it will have the
following harmful effect on the environment and people:
✓ Some trees could become extinct
✓ No trees will exist to bind the soil which leads to soil erosion or floods
✓ People will not have fu(wood for fire) el to cook or to keep them warm
✓ No shade to keep people and animals cool
✓ Alien plants will take over land
✓ No food for animals to eat and birds to live in
✓ Increase in global warming and climate change as trees absorb carbon dioxide.

Land: Depletion of land can come as result of:

✓ Farmers planting the same crop in same piece of land, year after year. The crop
takes all the goodness out of the land until eventually no more crops can grow.
✓ Cattle are allowed to eat all the grass, which leads to soil erosion

33
✓ Land is used to build buildings, houses and factories.
✓ Mining activities pollute the land and nothing will grow on it.

Dealing with environmental factors that cause ill-health on a personal level:

attitudes, safety and first aid skills and coping with disasters.
Attitudes:
✓ You cannot always control things that happen, but you can change your attitude
and the way you feel. It is not easy for most people to stay positive in the middle
of a bad situation.
✓ Think positively and do not ignore the situation
✓ Be hopeful
✓ Try to do your best under the circumstance
✓ Do not pity yourself and see yourself as victim
✓ Take action
✓ First aid skills: Apply basic first aid skills.

✓ Coping with disaster: The best way you can do is to prepare for and deal with
a disaster

✓ Identify hazards and risks in your are example: storms, flooding, fires.

✓ Now emergency numbers for the fire brigade, hospitals and ambulance that is
closest to you

✓ Do not build a house in an unsafe place

✓ Keep a bucket of sand next to your door so that any small fire can be put out.

✓ Gain knowledge of basic firs aid skills

✓ Build houses far apart to prevent the spread of fires and to allow emergency
vehicle into the area.

Homework:

You are a person who has lived a long life. Write a letter to your grandchildren and
tell them how you have cared for the environment. Tell them how you hope they will
care for the environment. 100-150 words.

34
 • Climate change: causes, impact on development, mitigation and adaptation

❖ What is climate change?

It is when the usual weather patterns of a given region begin to change. It includes
things like changes in temperature, wind patterns and rainfall.

❖ Causes of climate change?

Increase in greenhouse gasses: The most common greenhouse gases are water
vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone. Burning of fossil fuel and clearing of
forests has increase the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere this
cause more solar radiation being trapped which in turn has lead to the earth's
surface warming up.

❖ What is the impact on development?

✓ Changing rainfall patters, river flows, lake levels are causing some areas to
experience droughts, while other areas are experiencing floods
✓ Lower crop production because of increased temperature and means lower
food security
✓ Fish resources are becoming depleted and degraded.
✓ Increase in diseases like malaria
✓ Less water and poorer quality of water means a spread of disease
✓ More storms, droughts, floods, heat waves and extreme events adding stress
on water, food and shelter
✓ More people are being affected by natural disasters
✓ Desertification is increasing
✓ Species of plants and animals are becoming extinct.
✓ People on coast are being affected by rising in sea level.

❖ Mitigation and adaptation

What is mitigation? When we slow the pace of global warming even in

small ways. We reduce our carbon footprint by using less things that
produce carbon dioxide. If you reduce, reuse and recycle are three ways
we can help to limit the greenhouse gases that human activity produces

What is adaptation? When we find ways to cope with climate changes that
global warming causes it is called adaptation.

✓ Areas in SA that are mostly affected is the dry notrthwestern area.

They can adapt by growing and using crops and indigenous plants
that survive best in dry or desert conditions and reducing agricultural
activities to depend on water.

35
 ✓ Flood prone and coastal areas can adapt by building barriers and
drainage systems to reduce flooding.
✓ All areas that can expect more frequent floods, droughts wildfires and
damaging winds can adapt by having disaster management and
relief es.
Reduce:
Reuse:
Use of electricity : switch of lights
and electrical appliance when we are When we buy new things we dont
not using them. really need is wasteful.
Make use of public transport, walk or Manufacturing and selling new things
produces more greenhouse gasses
cycle etc.
Save momen and

Recycle:
Paper, plastic, cardboard,
alumininium cans, metall etc are all
usefull, even when we dont need it
anymore. Recycle them and help to
save the planet.

• Participation in a community service that addresses a contemporary

environmental issue indicating how this harms certain sectors of society
more than others.

Life Orientation is about making a difference in the word. Possible places to get
involved in:

✓ Food production: Volunteer to work in the schools garden

✓ SPCA: become a volunteer with an animal protection agency like SPCA
✓ Restore indigenous vegetation and depleted soil.
✓ Take a fist aid course
✓ Help to start an environmental education centre at your school.
Remember some communities are affected more than others. For example poor rural
communities are most directly affected by droughts or not having enough water.
These communities are depending on natural resources such as rivers, trees and land
for grazing and crops. Do your share for your community.

Term 3

36
 Development of self in society: Week 1- 5

• Healthy and balanced lifestyle choices:

Characteristics of a healthy and balanced lifestyle: physical, psychological,

social, emotional and spiritual facts:

Living a healthy and balanced lifestyle means to live your life to the fullest. It means
you take responsibility for smart health and lifestyle decisions, and actions.

A healthy balanced lifestyle means that there is balance, harmony or evenness

between these aspects of your life.

Physical: You
are physically
Spiritual: You fit and healthy
follow the
spiritual, Psychological:
religious or You avoid
belief system risksy
that have behabiour and
chosen. You Healthy apply you life
follow the balanced skills
rules of your lifestyle
religion

Emotional: You
are able to Social: You have good
explore, express relationships.
and control you
emotions.

Factors that impact negatively on lifestyle choices:

• Accidents types:

37
Accidents caused by lack How /why they happen Prevent the accidents by:
of knowledge and skills.
➢ Fires Leaving open fires ➢ Use paraffin and gas
unattended or use paraffin equipment correct.
➢ Drowning or gas appliances incorrect ➢ Learn to swim. Learn
➢ Poisoning from food Swimming in areas you about currents
don’t know ➢ Read food labels
Learn what you can eat or
what your can be allergic to.
Read labels of food packets
➢ Work accidents Know how to use the ➢ Use safety clothing
equipment and learn how to use
them
Accidents caused by
unsafe attitudes and
behaviours:
You did not plan to drink ➢ Don’t drink and drive
➢ Drunken driving but friends convinced you ➢ Don’t do drugs or
➢ Drug overdose Your drink get spiked. hang out with people
who use them. Only
go with friends you
trust
Accidents caused by
unsafe environments and
emotional factors
Small children that are not ➢ Cover pools and fence
➢ House fires attended to. dams.
➢ Shooting Shots go off accidently ➢ Lock guns away and
➢ Drowning Small children not attended keep them pointing
➢ Lightning too away from people
➢ Mugging and attacking Outside when lightning or ➢ Keep cover when
storm storms outside
Walking in unsafe places or ➢ Do not walk alone or
alone speak to strangers
Accidents caused by
emotions
Do not use condoms ➢ Always use condoms
➢ Pregnancy because you are in love even if you think you
➢ Car accidents Drive when you are will marry him
emotional or upset ➢ Do not drive if you
cannot keep 100%
attention on road.

38
 NB content for
extended writing and
application questions!!

• Risky behaviour and situations:

Risky behaviour and situations are not like accident, because you have control
over your own behaviour and you can avoid unsafe situations. Risky behaviour
like substance abuse affects your personal safety and has a negative impact on
your lifestyle choices.

Example of risky behaviour Negative impact on lifestyle choices

Personal safety:
➢ Giving out personal information on ➢ You endanger yourself and your
Facebook family and you might be frightened
➢ Giving your password or phone ➢ You might be psychologically scare
number to strangers or financially ruined
➢ Walking home at night alone in ➢ You get raped, attacked and
dangerous area physically or emotionally damaged
Road use:
➢ Being distracted by cell phones ➢ You can cause traffic accidents that
➢ Listening to music while crossing can lead to accidents, injury or death.
road ➢ You can have your licence taken
➢ Not wearing seat belts away.
➢ Driving without a licence
➢ Driving with somebody without a
licence
➢ Riding in stolen car
Substance abuse:
➢ Drinking alcohol ➢ You can harm your brain and body
➢ Smoking Permanently
➢ Talking or experimenting with drugs ➢ You could end up with criminal record
➢ Take stimulants to enhance your ➢ You could end up in jail
performance in sport ➢ You could lose your job or be
➢ Selling drugs expelled.

Sexual behaviour:
➢ Sleeping with different partners ➢ You lose respect for yourself
➢ Sleeping with older men for financial ➢ Get a bad reputation
gain ➢ Get diseases
Pregnancy:
➢ Planned or unplanned pregnancy ➢ You are not emotionally ready
➢ Your are not financially ready
➢ You end your own future.
Teenage suicides:

39
 ➢ Drinking poison ➢ You can be damaged permanently if
➢ Hanging yourself you do not succeed
➢ Shooting yourself ➢ You can affect those left behind badly
➢ Experimenting with suicide methods ➢ It can be against your religion
Hygiene and dietary behaviour:
➢ Not washing your hands ➢ Catch or spread diseases
➢ Starving or crash dieting ➢ Permanent damage to metabolism
➢ Overeating ➢ Obesity, diabetes can be results
STI’s/ HIV and AIDS
➢ Not using condoms ➢ Become sterile or infertile
➢ Not going to clinic to get treatment ➢ Easier to get HIV
Peer pressure
➢ Lead to risky behaviour like ➢ Harm yourself by giving in to friends
substance abuse, smoking, bunking needs and problems
school, steeling, cullying

• Socio-economic environment: how it affect your lifestyle

40
 Lack of literacy:
Fewer job oppotunities
Can not read contract or fill in
forms

Social environment:
You may have a lack of Low income:
social support. Your choice on where to stay
Experience fear and and what to eat are limited
angers

Culture:
You r choices around sexual Poverty:
behaviour, diet and alcohol use will You have few choices lke:
be affected. Some cultures forbid
use of some substances Do not have access to good
schools or medical facility or
good food

Factors that impact positively on lifestyle choices:

A support system is essential for you to make positive lifestyle choices. There are
many factors that contribute to this support system: positive role models, religion;
belief systems; media ; social and cultural influences and economic conditions

• What are positive role models? It is persons who can inspire and motivate you
to make healthy and useful lifestyle choices.

41
 Parents:
model good
behaviour
support and
encourage
warn against alcohol Peers:
Culture: use
they help your
Sets rules for they listen to
belonging, you
rituals and
stong social they don't
links critisize you

Factors that impact

positively on
lifestyle choice

Economic
Media:
conditions:
Help you make
If it is favourble
informed
you have
choices and
better care and
decisions
fewer risks.
Values, belief
system and
religion:
It will guide you
in making right
choices

Impact of unsafe practices on self and others: physical, emotional, spiritual,

social, economic, political and environmental

Always ask yourself what the effect of unsafe actions or behaviour

will be?

Physical: You Emotional: You

drive over have killed
somebody and somebody?
kill them?

42
 Social: Get
punished and go to
jail?
Environmenta
l:
Petrol from
accident went
into drain and Economic:
killed fish Cost of
injury/accident
?
Spiritual: You may
Political: feel guilty and too
Taxpayer’s ashamed to attend
money must religious meetings?
pay for your Angry with God?
mistakes

Individual responsibility for making informed decisions and choices: coping

with and overcoming barriers regarding behaviour and seeking support, advice
and assistance

During the day we make decisions and choices all the time: what to wear, what to
watch on TV or what to do over weekend, whom to go with or not to go with. Some
decisions have more serious consequences and implications than others. Deciding
whether to have sex for the first time or to use drugs and alcohol, are more important
than deciding what to wear.

You need to take responsibility for making decisions. You must make sure your
decisions are well informed and reasonable and don’t harm others.

What barriers do teenagers experience when seeking support and advice or

assistance?

o Lack of acceptance or recognition that they have a problem

43
o Feat attitudes and opinions of others
o Fear safety of others e.g when involved in criminal activities.
o Lack resources due to social economic reasons
o Believe adults do not understand their problem
o Believe there is no answer to problem

How do we overcome barriers to seeking advice, support tan assistance?

Seeking help is not a sign of weakness. It shows that you have recognised a problem
and see the need for help.
o Ask somebody you trust to tell your family if you are to scared
o Think about how your actions affect your life and the lives of others
o Phone a helpline if you do not want to speak to someone you know.
o Get help from a support group
o Think of the relief once you got a solution for your problem.

• Role of nutrition in health and physical activities:

To be healthy you need to follow a nutritious, balance diet and get regular; physical
exercise. Physically active teenagers need a balance diet, which includes a variety of
foods.
o Manage your weight by getting regular exercise
o Eat nutritious foods
o Don’t starve yourself
o Drink enough water

Careers and career choices: Week 1- 5

Competencies, abilities and ethics that will assist in securing a job and developing a
career

44
Studying advertisements, writing an application letter and completing application forms

When you read job advertisement, you will find abbreviations and words that are not part of your every
language. Let’s look at how to read advertisements and understand what they are telling you.

You will learn to understand the qualifications and personal qualities that you need to work in a field So
examples of advertisements

Advertisement 1:

Office of the director general

Directorates: Governance

Senior Secretary Grade 11 ( Ref. 1145/07)

Salary: 120 000 per annum

Requirements: A grade 12 (matric) certificates or equivalent qualification and two years relevant pract
experience. General secretarial functions. Knowledge of MS Office software (Word, Excel and Pow
point) and Internet Explorer. Ability to communicate effectively in English (verbal and written). Analyt
and innovative thinking as well as problem-solving skills. High level of reliability and ability to act w
discretion.

Duties: Record and keep track of all submissions and correspondence. File and handle memos for
Director. Arrange meetings for Director. Manage the Director’s diary. Arrange meetings and worksh
and provide support.

Interested applicants should deliver their applications with comprehensive CV to the General Manag
Human Resources Services, Thabo Mbeki street, and Polokwane. Applications must be accompanied
certified copies of ID and qualifications. Closing date: 18 June 2013.

The department of Justice is an equal opportunity employer.

Advertisement 2

Bookkeeper: Excellent opportunity for bookkeeper in CBD/R 130 000 p/a neg.
Min. 2 years exp.

45
Well-known company offering opportunity for young, innovative bookkeeper.
Candidate must be computer literate. Proficiency in Pastel Accounting and Payroll Systems ess.

CVV and short covering letter can be e-mailed to: [email protected]

Closing date for applications: 23 June 2013.

Advertisement 3:

Temp shop assistant job at Grocery Store in Mall of the North for December school holidays.

Only honest, hard-working, dedicated teenager should apply.

Working hours:

Saturdays 07:00-19:00
Sundays: 8:30-13:00

Job description: Pack shelves and clean store room. Bring trolleys back from parking area, help clie
who need help or product information. Clean staff toilet. Mop and clean shop’s floor at closing time, d

Wage: R 20 per hour

All applicants should submit a CV before 30 January to the shop manager

Homework activity

Study the 3 advertisements above and

answer the questions about job advertisements:

a. Can men and women of all races apply for the bookkeeper position in Advertisement 2? Motivate y
answer

b. Vusi does not have experience in payroll systems. Can he apply for the job in advertisement 2? Motiv
your answer.

c. What is the meaning of ‘equal opportunity employer’ in advertisement 1?

46
d. Thabo would like the job as bookkeeper, but e is not happy with the salary they offer. Should he
apply? Motivate your answer

e. What qualifications do you need for Advertisement 3?

f. What benefits will the temporary job in Advertisement 3 have for your, aside from the money you
make during the holiday?

See answers on next page

Homework activity:

Look for a job advertisement in your field of interest and paste it in the space provided.
Analyse the advertisement and complete the following

Worksheet: Advertisement

Paste your advertisement here

Complete the following from your advertisement

• Title of the job in your advertisement

47
 • Salary that will be paid

• Qualifications needed

• Experience needed

• Skills needed

• Description of specific duties

• Is there a specific application form that

needs to be completed

• Closing date of the application

• Except for salary identify 2 things that

attract you to this job.

How well did you understand? Answers to homework questions on previous page
a. Yes/ reason
Possible answer: No indication that this is Equity post or Equal Opportunity Company or that prefere
will be given to a specific group. (2)
b. No/the advertisement indicates that proficiency is essential. He must have more than experience;
must be very good or advanced in the program (2)
c. That all members of society will have an equal opportunity when applying for the job, but that tho
coming from previously disadvantage background and women will have an advance opportunity wh
applying. This is to comply with government policy. It does not mean that others can not apply; it o
means that those candidates will have an advanta
(2)
d. Yes, the advertisement says that the salary can be negotiated; this is only the starting sala
(2)
e. No qualifications, only skills e.g. hard working, dedicated etc. (2)
f. He will gain the following:
• Gain experience in the work place
• Gain skills and knowledge of the operation of a shop
• Gain skills and knowledge of available products
• Gain skills and knowledge of how to work with clients
• Will have a reference he can refer his next employer to
• Show that he do have the right work ethics and can be trusted, this employer can give him a testimo

48
• Any other suitable answer (2x1)

g. sal neg.- salary negotiable

min qual- minimum qualifications
pref. – preference will be given (3) (15)

Writing an application letter:

The application letter is also called a covering letter. It goes with your CV when you apply for a job
should not be longer than a page and should be in a formal format as the example below shows. Y
application for a bursary or financial assistance will have the same format. The purpose of a cover le
is:
✓ to highlight your background and experience;
✓ say why you are the best person for the job;
✓ sell your skills;
✓ show your experience;
✓ prove that you are worth interviewing.

Homework:

Study the following 2 letters and answer the questions that follow.

Letter 1
PO Box 2543
Bendor Village
Giyani
7809
To whom it may concern

49
The Principle/Head of Department/Person in charge

Letter of application for financial assistance or money to study

Please sir I am a girl in grade 12 who is trying very hard to make myself better so that I can feed a
support my family. I am the eldest of four children and my parents don’t have job. I think I will pass v
good at end of the year and I study very hard. It is very hard in our village and no good teachers a
school. Teachers always not at school or late. I want to be a docter or engineer and want to help peo
of my village so you must give me money to study so that I can realise my dreams.

Thank you that you will help me.

God bless you.

Letter 2
PO Box 2543
Bendore
Giyani
7809
23 June 2013
The Financial Manager
Dr. PC Dlodlo
African Enterprises Mining

Dear Sir
Application: Bursary or financial assistance for University Study
I hereby apply for financial assistance from you company in 2014.
I am a Grade 12 learner at Giyani High School in Limpopo Province. I have been accepted as a candid
for the University of Pretoria in 2014. I intend to study engineering.
I have an excellent academic record, but I am not able to finance my studies at a University. Would
be so kind to send me information or application forms for any bursaries or financial assistance tha
available from your company?
I have attached the following documents:
• The letter of acceptance from the University
• My Grade 11 and latest grade 12 report
• A testimonial from my maths and science teacher, who is also the principal of the school

I look forward to hear from you

Yours faithfully
Kenneth Baloyi

Neither these letters are perfect. Advice changes to imporve both.

50
Now look at possible changes:
Letter 1 Letter 2
Format used incorrect not formal Good format
Content is informal No indication of type of course in
engineering
The learner disadvantage herself by stating No indication if he will stay in residence
al her family problems
The learner disadvantage herself by No indication why he or his parents cannot
criticising the school and the person my pay for own studies
doubt her results if she is not coming from
a good school
She ask for help to study but also contradict
it by saying she wants to feed the family
Language and spelling errors make her not
a suitable candidate – these letters must be
perfect
No indication of proof of academic record

No indication of institution she wants to

study at

Completing application forms:

Teacher teaching method:
Some companies have specific forms you need to complete when you apply for a job e.g.Z83 for
applications for jobs in state departments. The purpose of the application form is to provide a qu
summary of all your qualifications, skills and work experience.

• Read through the form before completing it, to see what information is required. This is the
impression your future employer will get of you, so make very sure that it is a good impression.
• Write neatly with a black pen and in print., so that it is easy to read your answer
• Do not cross out or use correction fluid
• Always submit certified copies of the original document and not the original
• Do not fold or bend the form
• Be honest – do not make up information. You will be caught out during the interview

51
• Complete all parts of the form. Do not leave out dates. E.g. date of employment and date of comple
your studies
• Make sure that the information in your CV and the answers in the application form are the same.
• Make sure you cover all parts of a question if a question has more than one part.
• If you are asked to describe a situation where you have worked as part of a team to achieve someth
use the STAR method as a way to answer the question set to you.
❖ S- Situation. In about 20% of the space explain the situation. What happened?
❖ T-Task. Explain the task in 10% of your answer
❖ A-Action. 50% of your answer should be what you did. Identify the skills and knowledge that
used in the situation
❖ R-Result 20% of your answer should be the result or outcome of the situation. Give detail.

.
Writing and building a CV.
What is a CV (Curriculum vitae)?

It is a description and summary of you knowledge, skills and working life or working and studying histo
The latest information is always put first in each category. It will give your future employer an idea of y
skills, experience and knowledge as well as your academic qualifications. All forms of experience gai
are important.

It is very hard to find your first job, because most jobs ask people with experience. It is importan
convince your future employer that your skills are good enough to give you at least a chance of an intervi
You should include all the experience you had during your school career in your CV. E.g. If you help
your teacher during the athletics or worked at the first aid or in the tuck shop you should put it under s
or work experience. All you do when you write your CV is to modify the heading work experience to sk
and abilities.

It is very important to show your leadership skills and involvement in the community. You can even inclu
the community projects you were involved in, in Life Orientation in Grade 11. It is important for you
show that you care for the people around you and that you like to be involved. Also include your involvem
in the community, church and traditional authorities
If you realise that you have not been involved in school or church and your community, it is never too
to start. Get involved and start building your CV.

When writing a CV:

Do Do not
Be honest Lie about anything on your CV
Update your CV regularly Put somebody up as reference before
asking their permission
Use the correct format to write a CV Use old and outdated terminology
Have a typed copy of your CV ready Include a photograph

52
 Use as much relevant information as you Have errors in your CV
can
Use a plain font when you type your CV Include pictures in your CV. It makes it
e.g. Arial or Times New Roman difficult to read
Getting of testimonial and evidence:

A testimonial is a statement somebody will make about your character, strengths and abilities. It will a
confirm all your good principals and attitudes, values and work ethics. It is written by somebody who kno
you well and who has experience of teaching or coaching you. It is usually somebody who supervised y
Your friend or parents cannot write you a testimonial. It would be somebody like your teacher, coa
principal or minister at the church or even a community leader.

You will never find any negative information in a testimonial. The information that is not found in y
testimonial will say a lot about you. If it does not say that you are dedicated, hard working and honest, y
future employer might think that you are lazy and cannot be trusted. It is therefore important that
choose the person who writes your testimonial very carefully.

What is a Job shadowing and informal job?

It is very good experience and good for your CV if you can show experience in doing and informa
temporary job e.g. temporary waiter at restaurant, shop assistant at local store etc. You can also
somebody who is doing a job you are interested in. Ask the person if you can follow him or her for a day
two in his job to see if this is really what you want to do. This is called Job shadowing.

Homework:
Look at the format for your CV. You have done some of this in your language classes.

Complete the following template with your own details as if you are applying for a job.

PERSONAL DETAIL
Surname
Name
Address
Telephone and Cell phone
E- mail address
Identity number
Date of birth
Gender
Marital status
Nationality

53
 Home Language
Other Languages
Drivers licence
Criminal record
Health
Secondary education
Last school attended
Highest grade passed
Subjects: Languages

Computer literacy level

Leadership
Awards for culture, academic or sport
Extramural activities: sport
Cultural
General skills and abilities • Ability to work with people
• Ability to work under pressure and complete
tasks on time
Ethical behaviour • Honest and hard working
Tertiary education
University/College
Degree/Diploma pursued
Date studies will be completed
Major subjects
Work experience
Temporary worker at:

Community involvement
Church
Youth groups
References
Write the names of at least 3 people they can contact and enquire about you. Make sure you
supply the correct contact number and how you are related to the person e.g. principal or
supervisor at temporary job.

Managing meetings, projects and office administration skills

Knowing how to manage meetings is a skill that can help you to get a job and develop a career. Supp
you are the captain of the first soccer team. You want your team to tour to another province this year. Y

54
teacher is not very keen on this idea and hasn’t done much since the last meeting with the parents of
team members. He has asked you to
Chair the meeting of the parents of all the players. What do you do?

Start by organising a venue. Ask your teacher or the principal if you can use the school hall. Now you
start planning the meeting.

Step 1. Step 5. Be
Send out a Step 4 prepared.
invitation to Step 3 Get a
Step 2 On the day of the Start the
the meeting scribe to take
Compile and meeting, prepare meeting by
and say the minuite
agenda that the venue and welcoming
where and during the
shows who remind people people.
when the meeting.
you want to about the State the
meeting will Also send
lead the meeting. Also purpose of
take place out the
discussions have an the meeting.
and state the minuites of
about the attendance Ask peopl to
purpuse of the previous
topic. register ready for sign the
the meeting meeting
all parents to sign attendance
register

Step 8
Step 7.
Step 6 Thank everyone for
If you assigned people
attending the meeting
At the end of the with work to do during
and for their
meeting set a date for the meeting tell them
contributions. Ask them
the next meeting if when you need them to
if they want any topict to
necessary submit or to be finished
be on the agenda for the
with it
next meeting

Look at the list of problems you might encounter during your meeting:

Problems Possible solutions

55
 People do not always take meeting seriously. Make sure that all the people who should be at the
They arrive late, do not turn up or leave early meeting gets the invitation in time and that they
know what to prepare if they have any
responsibilities during the meeting
People do not view meetings as doing work Make sure that people do what they promised to do
at the previous meeting
Meetings end up being too long Make sure that the meeting does not exceed 90
minutes
People do not stick to the agenda If people want to discuss items that are not on the
agenda, ask them to park the item in the parking lot
– this means that you will discuss them later if there
is time.
Nothing happens after the meeting Give dates for when you want progress reports

One person talks too much or tries to take over As chairperson it is your responsibility to giver
everybody a chance to participate. Control the time
allocated to each speaker
Managing projects:

Project management involves planning, organising, securing and managing specific functions or projec
It has a beginning and end time.

Suppose that as a member of the RCL Social committee you need to manage the matric farewell for
year’s Grade 12 Learners. Last year’s function was chaos, and the principal was not very happy. Y
committee needs to draw up a solid plan for managing the function this year. You have a meeting with
other RCL leaders. You realise that you have very little time and money available to organis the funct
Here’s how to approach the ta
Look at Get a venue,
the budget decor, food
available and DJ
Planning and
designing the dance Decide on
Get a waiters and
them for what they wear
the dance

Keep a list of
Form a commitee Give each group a
responsibilityies
Execute your plans with parents and responsibility and
grade 11 teachers budget and budget
allocated

Give dates for Have a final

Monitoring and sending out
meeting to check
controlling how the invitation and
booking caterers if everything is in
plans are executed
and DJ place

56
 NB content for extended
writing questions. Make
sure you can apply it.
Interview skills

Your degree, diploma or certificate does not guarantee you a job! It is only the first step in developing y
career. .A CV is only a tool to apply for a job. The last step is to get and invitation to an interview. This
be there opportunity to demonstrate that they are the right person to hire.

a. Personal appearance

What must I wear?

❖ Dress in a formal way. Do not dress too modern or wear provocative clothes that might create
impression that you are on your way to a jowl. Remember that the first impression you are mak
is very important. If you dress too informal or sexy your future employer might think that you are
serious about getting the job and that you might give him problems by dressing provocative
❖ Do not wear too much make up or perfume and jewellery
❖ Make sure that your jewellery is appropriate. Rather leave your nose and tongue rings and stud
home.
❖ Make sure that your hair are washed and out of your eyes.
❖ Males: please shave the morning before the interview
❖ Males should wear a tie and jackets
❖

b. Be prepared for the interview:

Most employers will ask similar types of questions. Be prepared and practice possible answers before
interview. Most of the questions will be about:
❖ Yourself and your interests
❖ Your weaknesses and strengths
❖ Your qualifications
❖ Your experience
❖ How well do you work with other people
❖ How do you solve problems like conflict
❖ Why you want the work/job
❖ What you know about the company

c. Typical questions to prepare for an interview.

❖ Tell us more about yourself?
❖ Why do you want to work for us?
❖ Why do you want to be....?
❖ Where do you see yourself in 5 years from now?
❖ Why do you want to leave your current job?

57
 ❖ What is your strengths and weaknesses
❖ Are you computer literate?
❖ Do you have knowledge of e.g. Pastel, Payroll etc. (job specific programs for computer)
❖ How many languages can you speak?
❖ What skills will you bring with you?
❖ What are your outstanding achievements?
❖ Do you prefer to work in a team or alone and why?
❖ How will you solve the following problem in your work?
❖ Will you be willing to work overtime, when needed?
❖ Questions about the knowledge you have?

d. What to do and not to do during an interview

Remember to.............. Please do not..........

Be confident Be over confident and take over the
meeting
Be on time Come late
Be prepared to answer questions about Be casual as if you do not care about
yourself getting the job.
Be comfortable in what you wear Be informal in your approach to the panel
Speak loud and clear and slow Mumble your answers in a soft voice that
nobody can hear.
Be honest Lie about your experience and skills
Be positive and enthusiastic Hang onto the chair in a casual way
Keep eye contact with the person you are Take or make cell phone calls while you
talking to wait
Leave your cell phone switched off Be loud and over confident while you wait
for your interview.
Sit up straight in your chair chew gum
Be polite and answer the questions to the be rude about other people in your
best of your ability answers
Do research about the company before the Do not be discriminative or racist in your
interview answer.
Never say bad things about your previous
employers

e. Important questions that you should ask at the end of the interview if you get the opportunity
❖ What is the dress code for the company i.e. do you wear uniform?
❖ When will you be making a decision on the successful candidate?
❖ What is the culture of your company?
❖ Will I be allowed to use my own initiative and to what extent?
❖ Do your company have a medical aid and pension fund that I will be able to join?
❖ Can you tell me a little more about the position I will hold in the company?

58
 ❖ Are there other job responsibilities that were not mentioned in the advertisement?

Homework activity:

Identify all the possible mistakes Mr. Baloyi is making on the day of his interview. Advise him how
to respond. (next page)

]
2
1.
That was my
original
diploma and
I have not set certificates!!
my alarm! I They will have
will never to believe me...
make it in
time

4
3 You are late, Mr. Baloyi!
You can go through. The Watch it old
panel is waiting for you. girl, I will be
your boss soon
after getting
this job. I may
just replace you
with a young
chick.

5 6

59
 Because I am your
man, old girl. I will
sort you old lot out
fast, when I start
working here. I
Stop talking I can’t stand your voice! know how to
handle old girls like
you. Don’t worry,
this job is for me.

Ethics and Ethical behaviour

What is the meaning of ethics?

Ethics is the way you behave yourself and how you behave towards others in the place of work. It is t
rules you put down for yourself. It is the things that influence you when you decide on how well you w
do a job.

Ethical behaviour includes honesty, fairness, respect and responsibility in all parts of your life. Ethic
behaviour is important in every part of our lives and especially in the workplace.

Transparency: It is the term that is used in the workplace to describe openness and clear communicati
between people who work together. Transparency is important because it makes sure that people beha
honestly and fairly. Transparency also means that certain information in a company needs to be publ
so that anyone who wants to can find it out.

Accountability: It means being responsible to someone for your actions. Most people in the workpla
are accountable to a manager to whom they report. Even senior managers are accountable to th
bosses. People in the workplace are also accountable to their colleagues in the way that they behave a
treat each other with respect and consideration.

The following behaviour are all considered corrupt and dishonest: stealing, cheating, lying, abusing one
power or manipulating the workplace for one’s own gain.

Ethical behaviour, transparency and accountability at work contribute to a better working environment a
good relationships between colleagues and managers.

60
Personal expectations in relation to job/career of interest:
Expectancy and reality :
When you choose a career, you have expectations that may not match what the career really offers. Wh
you choose a career make sure that it matches your abilities, interests and values. It is important to l
what you do, so choose carefully.

61
One of the expectations you might have when you start work is the kind of salary you will earn and
opportunities you might have for promotion. It is important to realise that expectations can be goals in y
life, but sometimes the way your career wil develop will not always be within your own power.

How do I manage when my expectations and reality are not the same? You must be realist when you
goals. Remember things can go wrong. Find ways to counteract or overcome the disappointment.
positive and believe in yourself and reset your goals.

Chances of success and satisfaction:

To be successful means a number of different things to different people. It can mean that you reac
senior position in your career. It could also mean that you earn a lot of money. It could mean being famo
Success means achieving your goals, whatever they are.

Satisfaction: means being happy and pleased with what you have achieved. If you are satisfied with y
job, you enjoy ding it. You like your working conditions and the tasks you have to do.

Check your own chances on success by asking yourself the following:

✓ Do I have realistic expectations?
✓ Do I have the right skills and qualification?
✓ Am I interested in what I do?
✓ Do I have the personality needed to do the job?

Suitability audit:
This is when you ask yourself if you are suitable for a career or career field. In some jobs you have to st
for long and work hard for long hours. Are you willing to do so.

Some jobs expect you to work over weekends and under difficult circumstances, Are you willing to do i

Knowledge about self in relation to the demands of the world of work and socio-econom
conditions: skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled and physical labour

Type Meaning
Skilled Skilled work involves thorough training for the
job. Skilled workers can word independently in
duties with responsibility. They receive training
at colleges or universities. Examples are
computer manufacturing, engineers, medical
doctors, journalists and teachers
Semi-skilled Employer is partially trained to do the work,
mostly through on the job training to do the work
on the job.

62
 This includes training from SETA’s and
learnerships
Examples are typists, builders and drivers
Unskilled No formal training
Mostly physical work
Example sweepers, packers diggers, farm
workers
Physical labour Can be part of skilled or semi or unskilled work.
Degrelevel CV)
- Expectancy, reality and perseverance:
People sometimes change careers because there is a discrepancy between career expectations
reality. What you expect of your job or career may not be the reality. If you face this discrepancy, you ne
to persevere to make career changes. It can be disappointing when things do not turn out as you h
hoped or planned.

Term 4

Development of self in society: Week 1- 3

Gender roles and their effects on health and well-being: self, family and society

People have different abilities, interests, skills, beliefs and values, which are often
closely linked to their gender. It is important that you understand the meaning of the
following words before you proceed:

Gender The characteristics we use to show the difference3

between males and females such as how we dress,
speak and behave. Each culture may have slightly
different characteristics that link to being feminine or
masculine. Show how people express their femininity or
masculinity is a choice unlike the sex of a person- whether
he or she was born male or a female
Gender roles This refers to what males and females are expected to do
by their culture. This may include the type of work that
people of different sexes are expected to do and different
ways they are expected to behave with one another.
Roles vary widely within and between cultures and often
develop over time. Factors such as education and
economics can affect the gender roles.
Masculinity This refers to roles and behaviour generally associated
with men or boys. It combines biological and cultural

63
 characteristics that are often associated with men and
boys. People of any sex can have signs of masculinity

Femininity This refers to roles and behaviours generally associated

with girls and women. Femininity can include biological
and cultural qualities that are often linked with women and
girls. People of any sex may show signs of feminine traits.

Physical health It includes aspects such as our bodies, fitness, safety and
self care and medical care.

Mental health This refers to the state of well-being in which every

individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with
the normal stresses of life, can work productively and
fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to her or his
community.

Social health This refers to the relationships within and between family,
friends, colleagues, community, culture, economy and the
environment

64
 Unequal power relations, power inequality, power balance and power struggle
between genders:
Power inequality means that some people have more rights, better opportunities and
more power than other people. It means that the power balance is unfair, which can
lead to power struggles or fights between genders for more power.

Gender norms also contribute to social problems such as unequal access to jobs and
education Being forced into these roles or accepting gender norms also contribute to
crimes such as domestic and sexual violence. Later more about it.

Young people who don’t follow accepted gender roles are often discriminated against
in schools an may even be rejected by their families.

Unequal power relationships can affect you and the family or society. Examples like:
✓ Some cultures don’t think that education is important for girls. So girls don’t finish
a school which means they cannot get good jobs and earn their own money.
✓ In some cultures and families, the husband is thought to be the head of the
household. He makes all the decisions. His wife has to obey him. She cannot
decide where they are going to live or where the children will go to school.

✓ In society the jobs that men and women do are different. For example most
teachers and nurses are women, while most principals and doctors are men. Most
skilled workers are men, while most cleaners and domestic workers are women.
Men have higher paying jobs. When they have more money, they have more
power. In some countries, even when men and women have the same jobs, the
women are paid less

65
Abuse of power:

The person who has more power can sometimes abuse the power. He or she can
harm, attack or treat the other person badly. The abuse can take different forms
towards the individual, in families in cultures and socially and in the workplace.

Physical abuse:

Physical abuse is using physical force to cause harm, injury, disability or death. It
includes scratching, pushing , throwing, grabbing, choking, shaking, slapping or
punching, burning, tying up, biting, hitting, cutting, drowning, strangling and kicking.
It could be not giving people food or medicine or letting them get cold.

66
Family (incest)
Incest is sexual intercourse between people who are so closely related that they would
not be allowed to get married by law. Incest happen between a father and daughter,
father and son, mother and son, mother and daughter, brother and sister,
grandparents and grandchildren, uncles and nieces or nephew and aunts . Incest
involving a child is child abuse and it is a serious crime.

Cultural (different mourning periods for males and females)

Emotional health can also be affected by cultural norms about how and when people
should show emotions and what they should do. Different cultures set expected
behaviours for men and women when mourning the death.

Different periods of mourning for women and men may also be traditional in some
cultures. In some tribes the women are expected to remain mourning for a year after
her husband’s death, but this is not expected of husbands who lose their wife’s.

Social (domestic violence and sexual violence/rape) and work settings (sexual
harassment)

Domestic violence happens when one person in a close relationship or marriage tries
to dominate and control the other person. You can have a domestic relationship
with a marriage partner, someone, you are living with, or your boy or girlfriend.
The abuser uses fear, guilt, shame, threats and physical violence to control you. The
abuser can be a man or a women. The Domestic Violence Act is the law that deals
with domestic violence. Domestic violence is unacceptable. You deserve to feel
valued, respected and safe.

Domestic violence refers to and includes:

✓ Damage to property or anything that you value
✓ Stalking, which is when another person keeps on flowing you or coming near you
✓ Economic abuse: which includes not giving you money, not paying for rent for
the home you share, selling your things without your permission, stopping your
from working or choosing your own career.
✓ Emotional abuse: which is behaviour that humiliates and degrades you and
makes you feel bad or worthless, such as repeated insults, threats, swearing,
yelling and blaming.
✓ Physical abuse: holding a knife to your throat or showing you a gun
✓ Sexual violence such as rape

Social abuse: sexual violence and rape

Sexual violence and rape are also part of domestic abuse. Sexual violence includes:
✓ Any sexual harassment

67
✓ Any sexual act that is unwanted by the partner
✓ Trying to get someone to have sex with you
✓ Being forced to watch other people in sexual acts
✓ Being forced to perform oral or anal sex
✓ Penetration with fingers or object
✓ Date rape= being raped by someone you know.
✓ Gang rape- being raped by more than one person
✓ Statutory rape- sex with a girl under the age of 16, with or without her agreement.

Any time you are forced to take part in unwanted, unsafe or degrading sexual acts it
is regarded as sexual violence. Forced sex, even with you partner is abuse.

Workplace: Sexual harassment: Look at this very carefully and a

make sure you are not guilty!

Sexual harassment is unwanted sexual behaviour that happens again and again It
can take the form of:

✓ Sexual comments about a person’s body

✓ Asking about a person’s sex life
✓ Suggestions and hints about having sex
✓ Physical contact such as touching, feeling or pinching
✓ Whistling
✓ Rude gestures such as finger signs
✓ Sex-related jokes
✓ Showing pornographic pictures
✓ Promises of promotion or passing in exchange for sex
✓ Name calling
✓ Spreading untrue stories about someone’s sexual activities
✓ Sending notes, letters, emails or sms messages with sexual content
✓ Making obscene phone calls in which you make sexual comments and suggestions
in an offensive way.

Sexual harassment can take place in the workplace or at school. At work, the power
balance is unequal between a boss and his or her employee. At school, there is power
inequality between teachers and learners. So sexual harassment is a form of power
abuse

Negative effects on health and well-being:

Effect of abuse:

68
 Physical effects: Emotional effects Effects of gender roles
bruises fear of the other on widows
broken bones and person women must wait to
teeth depression marry again untill after
mourning period is
rope and strap marks anger over
bold spots where hair poor marks she is kep isolated
was pulled out dropping out of school some inlaws treat
burns fron cigarettes, shame women badly afters
orons or water sons death
feeling worhtless and
unwanted pregnancies alone and powerless she gets rejected by
death community
feelings of tuilf
community may see
nightsmares her as person whom
do not trust people brings bad luck

Addressing unequal power relations and power inequality between genders

You have the following rights:

❖ Apply for a protection order at police station or court. A protection order is given
by the court and it orders your abuser to stop the abuse. If the person doesn’t stop,
he or she can be arrested.
❖ Lay a criminal charge at the police station

Democracy and human rights: Week 4-6

Contributions of South Africa’s diverse religions and belief systems to a harmoniou

society and own belief system:

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 Religion and belief systems shapes the character and values of society. Religion help peop
to:

✓ Develop a sense of identity and belonging in the word, with other people and God
✓ Develop values and the ability to make moral end ethical decision
✓ Develop skills in expressing themselves
✓ Develop compassion and provide social and economic services
✓ Promote justice, reconciliation and peace and harmony.

Religious contributions help to form the character and values of people and society. Th
contribution of religions and belief systems to shaping people character and values is an importa
reason why most South African society is able to function in harmonious, peaceful and producti
ways.

Each religion and belief system is different from the other. The combination of different religio
and belief systems allows people to find a spiritual community into which they can fit. All th
contributions of the different religions and belief systems make a combined contribution to
harmonious society in South Africa.

Clarify own values and beliefs

Sometimes you think that morality and religion are just old fashioned sets of rules that sop us fro
enjoying ourselves. However, having a moral code to live by is about having our own awarene
of who we are, what we are prepared to do for others and how we expect to be treated by othe
This enables us to make sense of the information about the world that we receive.

Beliefs and values are also choices. Your beliefs and values are influenced by your paren
and the culture you grow up in

Dilemma: a situation in
which you have to make
a difficult choice Euthanasia: the act or
practice of killing someone ( or
help someone to kill
him/herself)
who is very sick or injured in
order to prevent them from
70 suffering
 Dilemma
Sometimes you may have to make a difficult choice about something, such as abortion. Dilemm
means that you believe ther are good reasons for two opposing actions. If you have a dilemma
strong belief and calue system hay help you decide what to do.

Right to Life
According to the Bill of Rights everyone has the right to life. However, the Choice on Terminatio
of Pregnancy Act gives women the right to decide whether of not to have an abortion. Som
people’s beliefs are against abortion. So there is a dilemma between the law and the
beliefs.

Euthanasia:
The word Euthanasia comes fro the Greek that means “good death” There are various forms
euthanasia:
✓ Voluntary euthanasia when the person who is killed has asked to be killed.
✓ Non-voluntary euthanasia: when the person who is killed made no request and did not agre
✓ Assisted suicide: when the person provides an individual with the means to take his or her ow
life
✓ Passive euthanasia: involves not giving common treatments such as food water and antibioti
✓ Active euthanasia: involves the use of lethal or deadly substances such as and over dosa
of drugs.
I
In South Africa Euthanasia is against the law.

Cultural practices and traditions,

Something you do may harm you or the environment and other people. Do you carry on ding
just because it is part of a cultural tradition and people have been doing it for long time? Do yo
need to think of the impact it have and change it or decide not to do it.

Look at the following:

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 ❖ Arranged marriages
❖ Male circumcision

Many cultures use circumcision as a symbol of acceptance. Jewish boys are circumcised
babies. Many African adolescents go though circumcision ceremonies as a passage in
manhood. Thousands of children die as result of infections or unstoppable bleeding followi
their circumcision.
• Should it still be allowed in a modern world?
• Are the human rights of the children being violated? Should such practices be allowed
continue just because they are part of belief system and traditions?

Economic issues:
One of the serious economic issues or our time are the growing gap between the rich and th
poor and the general increase in poverty. There are many different points of view about wh
needs to be done to deal withpoverty.

Environmental issues;
Many people know that industrial development is damaging the environment. The earth cann
sustain thee level of industrial growth because it is destroying our natural resources. This w
affect the poor the most as they will feel the lack of resources first. Some of the environmen
issues include the decline in the quality of our environment, resources, pollution, global warmin
cruelty to animals.

Indigenous cultures belief in a close connection between the spirit world, respect for the land an
human well-being. They believe that your fate will be linked to how you treat the land and anima

Respect differing opinions:

To build harmonious future we will need to seek to understand opinions different from our ow
become aware of our own limitations and norms and take action to find solutions fo the challeng
we face.

Parent’s Name: --------------------------------- Parent’s Signature: .................................. .Date:

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