Designation: F2329/F2329M − 15

Standard Specification for

Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to
Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and
Special Threaded Fasteners1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2329/F2329M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* A780/A780M Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated

1.1 This specification covers the requirements for hot-dip Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings
zinc coating applied to carbon steel and alloy steel bolts, B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
screws, washers, nuts, and special threaded fasteners. It also Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
provides for minor coating repairs. Nails and rivets are not Cross Section
included in this specification. E376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by
Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test-
1.2 It is intended to be applicable to fasteners that are ing Methods
centrifuged or otherwise handled to remove excess galvanizing F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical
bath metal (free zinc). Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. 3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.1 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- nology F1789 unless otherwise defined in this specification.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.2 batch lot—quantity of identical parts cleaned, pickled,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. fluxed, and galvanized together at one time in a galvanizing
basket.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 galvanizing—hot-dip zinc coating.
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
3.1.4 high temperature galvanizing—galvanizing process
A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
carried out in a ceramic vessel (kettle) at an approximate
Iron and Steel Hardware temperature ranging between 990°F and 1040°F [530°C and
A394 Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts,
560°C].
Zinc-Coated and Bare
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts 3.1.5 hot-dip zinc coating of mechanical fasteners—process
A563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Met- whereby fasteners are zinc coated by immersion in a bath of
ric) molten zinc, resulting in the formation of the iron/zinc alloy
coating and a zinc coating at the surface of the fastener. This
process involves the removal of excess zinc by spinning the
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on parts in a centrifuge, or brushing the threaded portion, or
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.03 on Coatings on handling otherwise to remove the excess zinc.
Fasteners.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally 3.1.6 production lot—batches of parts originating from the
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2329-13. DOI: same manufacturing lot, processed continuously through
10.1520/F2329-13.
2
cleaning, pickling, fluxing, dipping in molten zinc and spun in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
a centrifuge, or other means, without any significant change in
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on time, temperature, and concentration of the constituents of the
the ASTM website. process.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 F2329/F2329M − 15
3.1.7 stress relief—process of heating parts for a definite 5.3.2 Parts, which cannot be spun shall be brushed or
time at a given temperature in order to relieve stress induced by handled otherwise to remove the excess zinc.
work hardening. 5.4 Alteration of Threaded Fasteners:
5.4.1 Fasteners that have been hot-dip galvanized shall not
4. Ordering Information
be further altered (such as subjected to a cutting, rolling, or
4.1 Orders for zinc coating of fasteners to this specification finishing-tool operation) by the galvanizer unless specifically
shall include the following: authorized in writing by the purchaser.
4.1.1 Name of product (that is bolt, stud, nut, washers, or 5.4.2 Hot-dip galvanizing of externally threaded fasteners
other); shall meet the thread fitting requirements of the specified
4.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue, including fas- product standard or specific allowance as determined by the
tener specification number; customer.
4.1.3 Hydrogen embrittlement relief treatment, as required
NOTE 1—The scope of this specification does not cover the require-
by the purchaser (see, 7.2.3);

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ments regarding the overtapping of galvanized nuts. These requirements
4.1.4 Quantity of fasteners to be hot-dip zinc coated; are established by the applicable product standard, such as Specification
4.1.5 Stress relief or tempering temperature to which the A563, Specification A563M (or others), or in writing by the purchaser, if
fasteners where subjected, if applicable; needed.
4.1.6 Secondary processing such as chromating, 5.5 Secondary Processing:
phosphating, or lubrication, if applicable; 5.5.1 When requested by the purchaser, treatments such as
4.1.7 Average galvanizing temperature to which fasteners chromating or phosphating shall be applied to reduce the
will be subjected, if required by the purchaser (see 7.2.2); possibility of wet storage staining (white corrosion) or to assist
4.1.8 Specify baking if required (see 7.2.3); and subsequent painting.
4.1.9 Certification, if required (see 14.1). 5.5.2 When specified on the purchase order, the nuts, bolts,
4.1.10 Supplementary Requirements (See S1). or screws shall be lubricated to enhance assembly.
5. Materials and Manufacture 5.6 Touch-up and Repair—Bare, cut, or damaged spots
found on fasteners after galvanizing, totaling less than 1% of
5.1 Condition of the As-Received Fasteners—The fasteners the coated surface area, may be repaired with paints containing
as received by the galvanizer shall be free from contaminants zinc dust. Such paints shall have zinc-dust concentrations of 65
that are not readily removed in the cleaning process and would to 69% or concentrations above 92% in the dried film. The
adversely affect the galvanizing. repairing party shall select the paint and follow its application
5.2 Process—Unless otherwise covered in this specification, instructions. The applied coating shall provide barrier
all processing parameters shall be in accordance with the protection, and preferably be anodic to steel. Thickness mea-
requirements of Specification A153/A153M. surements of repaired areas shall not be required.
5.2.1 Process Control—Galvanized fasteners subjected to a NOTE 2—Experience shows that, in general, organic zinc-rich systems
process control plan based upon batch lot level shall comply are tolerant of marginal surface preparation and are not critical of
with the batch lot sampling plan in Table 1, and the sampling climactic or atmospheric conditions for curing. Corrosion resistance and
plan for production lot (prevention process) as determined in service performance are very dependent on the properties of the paint
10.2.2 shall be applied. system, the extent of surface preparation, and the skills of individual
applicators. See Practice A780/A780M.
5.3 Spinning and Quenching:
5.3.1 Parts shall be spun immediately following removal 6. Chemical Composition of Zinc
from the galvanizing bath and quenched in water. In addition, 6.1 Unless otherwise specified in the product standard, the
small parts shall be air cooled, as needed, in order to prevent zinc used for the coating shall conform to the requirements of
the formation of zinc oxide. the section on Zinc of Specification A153/A153M.

7. Safeguards Against Alteration of Fasteners Mechanical

TABLE 1 Process Control of Batch LotA Properties
Sampling Plan
Sample SizeB
7.1 Stress Relief—Fasteners subjected to severe work hard-
ening shall be stress-relieved by the fastener manufacturer
Batch Lot Size Average Coating Adhesion AppearanceD prior to hot-dip zinc coating (galvanizing).
ThicknessC
5 to 25 1 1 1 7.2 Hot-Dip Zinc Coating:
26 to 50 1 1 2 7.2.1 Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Properties:
51 to 150 2 1 2 7.2.1.1 Galvanizing carried out at a temperature above
151 and over 2 2 2
A
800°F [425°C] can adversely affect the final mechanical
The acceptance criterion in all cases is zero defects.
B
The sample size is the number of specimen(s) required to be tested/inspected to
properties of the fasteners. Therefore, the supplier of the
the applicable criteria. fasteners submitting the product to the galvanizer shall be
C
Frequency of coating thickness measurements: one set of specimen(s) for every aware of the tempering temperature of the fasteners relative to
five batch lots. For test method, see 11.1.
D
Visual inspection for conformance. the temperature of the galvanizing bath and the potential effect
it may have on the product. When requested by the purchaser,

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 F2329/F2329M − 15
the average galvanizing temperature that the fasteners will be galvanizer shall not be held responsible for any unanticipated
subjected to shall be furnished. distortion of parts. In addition, the purchaser shall provide
7.2.1.2 Unless otherwise required by the product standard or fasteners having sufficient dimensional allowance to accom-
by the purchaser, testing for mechanical properties is not modate the zinc thickness deposition, as required in 8.1.
necessary if the galvanizing process is carried out at a lower 8.3 Adhesion of Zinc Coating—The zinc coating shall ad-
temperature than the stress relief or tempering temperature of here tenaciously to the surface of the base metal. The method
the fasteners. If the galvanizing process is carried out at a for testing the condition of adherence is specified in 11.5.
higher temperature than the stress relief or the tempering
temperature of the fasteners, than the purchaser shall make 9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
provision for mechanical testing.
9.1 Appearance of Zinc Coating:
7.2.1.3 Threaded fasteners made from carbon or alloy steel
9.1.1 After hot-dip galvanizing, the fasteners shall meet the
heat treated to a minimum specified hardness of 40 HRC, or
requirements of the section on Workmanship, Finish, and
case hardened steel fasteners shall not be hot-dip zinc coated.
Appearance of Specification A153/A153M. Galvanized wash-
7.2.2 Effect of Hydrogen on the Mechanical Properties after
ers shall not be bonded to each other (See Note 3). Parts may
Galvanizing—Hydrogen has the potential of being introduced
be dull due to the presence of silicon in the steel. The dull
into the steel during acid pickling, prior to hot-dip galvanizing.
appearance shall not be cause for rejection.
For high strength fasteners (having a specified minimum
product hardness of 33 HRC), there is a risk of internal NOTE 3—Hot-dip washers tend to bond to each other. Suitable accep-
hydrogen embrittlement. If required by the product standard or tance criteria shall be agreed between the purchaser and the galvanizer
before placing the order. Unless otherwise agreed to in the purchase order,
by the purchaser, mechanical descaling (with or without flash delivered galvanized washers shall not be bonded to each other.
pickling) or baking shall be conducted to reduce the risk of
internal hydrogen embrittlement. Baking shall be conducted 9.1.2 The test method shall be in accordance with 11.3.
after pickling and prior to hot-dip galvanizing. 9.2 Smoothness of Zinc Coating:
7.2.3 Effect of the Galvanizing Temperature—Externally 9.2.1 The zinc coating shall be smooth and reasonably
threaded ferrous fasteners over 1.00 in. [M24] diameter with a uniform in thickness, as defined in the section on
specified minimum hardness of HRC 33 and higher shall not be Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance of Specification A153/
hot-dip zinc coated at high temperature (see definition in 3.1.4) A153M. Smoothness of a surface is a relative term. Minor
in order to avoid microcracks. roughness that does not impair the intended use of the part, or
roughness that is related to the uncoated surface condition of
8. Coating and Dimensional Requirements the part, shall not constitute grounds for rejection of the parts.
8.1 Coating Thickness—The zinc coating thickness shall 9.2.2 The test method shall be in accordance with 11.3.
meet the requirements of Table 2. See Supplementary Require-
ment S1 when specifying coating thickness for fasteners 10. Sampling
meeting the requirements of Specification A394. 10.1 Test specimens shall be selected at random from each
8.2 Dimension—The dimensional characteristics of the fas- production lot or batch lot, when applicable.
teners shall be in accordance with the requirements of the 10.2 Selection of the Sampling Plan–Production Lot—Two
purchaser, when specified in the order. The purchaser shall sampling plans are proposed, one based on detection process
ensure that the effect of the heat generated by the galvanizing and one based on prevention process as defined in Terminology
process is compatible with the fastener regarding the final F1789. The selection of the sampling plan shall be in accor-
dimensional characteristics of the parts. Furthermore, the dance with Guide F1470.

TABLE 2 Zinc Coating Thickness

Minimum Thickness on Surface

DimensionA,B Average Thickness of All Average Thickness of All Average Thickness of

Specimens Tested Specimens Tested Individual SpecimenB
(Production Lot)C,B (Batch Lot)D,B
Fasteners and nuts over 3⁄8 in. [M10] in diameter 0.0020 in. [50 µm] 0.0017 in. [43 µm] 0.0017 in. [43 µm]
Washers 3⁄16 in. [4.7 mm] and over in thickness
Fasteners and nuts 3⁄8 in. [M10] and under in diameter 0.0017 in. [43 µm] 0.0015 in. [38 µm] 0.0015 in. [38 µm]
Washers under 3⁄16 in. [4.7 mm] in thickness
A
In the case of long pieces, such as anchor rods and similar articles over 5 ft [1.5 m] in length, the thickness measurement shall be determined at each end and the middle
of the article. In the case of a fully threaded rod, the thickness measurements shall be determined at each end of the article. In no case shall the average of the
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measurements be below the average thickness shown in the Average Thickness on Individual Specimen column (see 11.2). The number of specimens to be tested per
order shall be as specified in Section 10. Note—Based upon mathematical calculations, 1.0 oz /ft2 [305 g/m2] of zinc surface corresponds to an average coating thickness
of 0.0017 in. [43 µm].
B
Inch-pound and SI units may not be exact equivalents. See 1.3.
C
For test method, see 11.2. In no case shall the average reading of a single specimen be below the average thickness shown in the Average Thickness on Individual
Specimen column.
D
See 5.2.1 and Table 1. For test method, see 11.2. In no case shall the average reading of a single specimen be below the average thickness shown in the Average
Thickness on Individual Specimen column.

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 F2329/F2329M − 15
10.2.1 Production Lot–Detection Process—Sampling for 12. Inspection
coating thickness and for visual appearance shall be conducted 12.1 When the purchaser requires dimensional inspection of
in accordance with Table 1, Sample Level A, and Table 3, the fasteners by the galvanizer, the purchaser shall provide the
Sample Size A, of Guide F1470. Sampling for adhesion test necessary inspection tools and gages to the galvanizer.
shall be in accordance with Table 1, Sample Level C, and Table
12.2 The representative of the purchaser shall have access at
3, Sample Size C, of Guide F1470.
all times while work on the contract of the purchaser is being
10.2.2 Production Lot–Prevention Process—Sampling for performed, to those areas of the galvanizer’s work which
coating thickness and for visual appearance shall be conducted concern the application of the zinc coating to the fastener
in accordance with Table 2, Sample Level B, and Table 3 ordered. The manufacturer shall afford the representative of the
Sample Size B, of Guide F1470. Sampling for adhesion test purchaser all reasonable facilities to satisfy this representative
shall be in accordance with Table 2, Sample Level D, and Table that the zinc coating is being furnished in accordance with this
3, Sample Size D, of Guide F1470. specification. All inspections and tests shall be made at the
place of manufacture prior to shipments, unless otherwise
11. Test Methods specified, and shall be conducted so as not to unnecessarily
11.1 Tests shall be made to ensure that the zinc coating is interfere with the operation of the works.
being furnished in accordance with this specification and as 13. Rejection and Rehearing
specified for the following:
13.1 When partial inspection of fasteners to determine
11.2 Coating Thickness: conformity with visual requirements of Section 9 warrants
11.2.1 Average Coating Thickness on an Individual Speci- rejection of a lot, the galvanizer may sort the lot and submit it
men: once again for inspection.
11.2.1.1 To calculate the average coating thickness of one 13.2 Disposition of nonconforming lots shall be in accor-
specimen, a minimum of five readings shall be taken. In case dance with the section on Disposition of Nonconforming Lots
the geometry of the specimen does not permit five readings, of Guide F1470.
five test specimens shall be used to establish the average 13.3 Fasteners that have been rejected for reasons other than
reading. embrittlement may be stripped and re-galvanized and submit-
11.2.1.2 The determination of the coating thickness shall be ted for test and inspection. They shall then conform to the
made on a portion of the fastener that does not include any requirements of this specification.
threads in accordance with Practice E376.
11.2.1.3 In case of arbitration, the thickness of coating shall 14. Certification
be determined by cross section and optical measurement, in 14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract,
accordance with Test Method B487. Thus, the thickness certification shall be furnished declaring that samples repre-
determined is a point value. No less than five measurements senting each lot have been either tested or inspected, as
shall be made at locations on the test specimen, which are as required by this specification, and that the requirements have
widely dispersed as practical, so as to be representative of the been met. When specified in the purchase order or contract, the
whole surface of the test specimen. The average of those average galvanizing temperature shall be reported and the
selected measurements is the average coating thickness. average thickness of the production lot shall be furnished.
11.3 Finish and Appearance—Finish and appearance shall 15. Packaging and Package Marking
be visually inspected. 15.1 When the galvanizer is required to pack hot-dip gal-
11.4 Embrittlement Test—If the product standard requires vanized fasteners, they shall not be packed in unventilated

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testing for hydrogen embrittlement of galvanized fasteners, containers, if fabricated from unseasoned wood. The packaging
testing shall be done in accordance with Test Methods F606/ shall comply with the purchaser requirements.
F606M or other test method(s), as required by the purchaser. 16. Keywords
11.5 Adhesion Test—Testing for adherence shall be con- 16.1 coatings, zinc; galvanized coatings; steel zinc coated;
ducted as determined in the section on Adherence of Specifi- steel fastener products, metallic coated; zinc coating fastener
cation A153/A153M. products

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 F2329/F2329M − 15
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following requirements shall be applied when specified by the purchaser on the inquiry and
order. Details of these requirements shall be agreed upon in writing between the manufacturer and
purchaser.

S1. ASTM A394 Coating Thickness

S1.1 When Supplementary Requirement S1 is specified on
the order, the minimum average thickness of zinc shall be
0.0028 in. or (70 µm) and the minimum average thickness of
any one item shall be 0.0025 in. or (63 µm).

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. GALVANIZING TEMPERATURE

X1.1 Normally galvanizing is carried out at a bath tempera- and is carried out at a bath temperature of 990°F to 1040°F
ture of 820°F to 900°F [435°C to 480°C]. High temperature [530°C to 560°C]. The finish obtained using the high tempera-
galvanizing is used to produce a smoother and thinner coating ture process is dull.

X2. VARIATION IN COATING

X2.1 During galvanizing of a production lot, variation can between removal of fasteners from the zinc bath and the
be experienced due to factors inherent to the galvanizing centrifuging, and the like.
process, such as immersion time, zinc temperature, time span

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F2939–13)
that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) Added Supplementary Requirement S1 for added zinc

thickness to comply with the requirements of Specification
A394.

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