AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
The automatic flight control system (AFCS) provides a means of automatically controlling the aircraft flight path. The
AFCS reduces the flight crew workload by providing steering commands through the flight director or automatically flying
the aircraft through the autopilot. The main functions of the AFCS are:
- Dual independent flight directors
- Two axis (pitch and roll) autopilot
- Single axis yaw damper
When manually flying the airplane, dual flight directors provide steering commands to the pilots through flight director
command bars displayed on the primary flight displays. For automatic flight control, the flight director steering commands
are coupled to the autopilot.

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTORS (FD)

DESCRIPTION
The flight directors display flight guidance cues on the attitude indicators, thereby assisting the flight crew in maintaining
a specified flight path. The flight guidance cues are displayed in the form of flight director command bars. The crew can
choose to hand fly the aircraft with "raw data" (flight directors not displayed), hand fly the aircraft using the flight director
command bars, or couple the autopilot to the flight director.
COMPONENTS AND OPERATION
The flight director (and autopilot and yaw damper) processing is done within two flight guidance computer cards in the
integrated avionics processor system (IAPS). The left and right flight guidance computer cards are identical. During pre-
cision approach and go-around modes, each flight director provides guidance to the onside displays. In all other flight di-
rector modes, only one flight director provides guidance to both left and right flight displays.
The pilot flying can select the onside flight director using the transfer (XFR) button on the flight guidance panel.
If the active flight director fails, a red boxed FD appears on the primary flight display and a cyan FD1(2) FAIL CAS mes-
sage is displayed. Selecting the XFR switch on the FGP deselects the failed flight director and allows the functional flight
director to become active.
FLIGHT DIRECTOR COMMAND BARS
The flight directors provide visual pitch and roll control guidance by means of single cue inverted V-shaped command bars,
or cross-pointer command bars. The selection of the preferred display of command bars is made by pushing the REF button
to show page 3/3 on the PFD. The flight director command bars provide visual guidance to the pilot regardless of the au-
topilot engagement mode.
SINGLE CUE COMMAND BARS

SINGLE CUE

DESIRED ATTITUDE
20

10

PITCH DOWN COMMAND PITCH UP COMMAND

10

20
CFO1101002_017

ROLL LEFT AND CLIMB ROLL RIGHT AND DESCEND

COMMAND COMMAND

V2

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04-01-02 CSP 100-6 REV 2
 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTORS (FD) (Cont)

CROSS-POINTER COMMAND BARS

DOUBLE CUE

DESIRED ATTITUDE
20

10

PITCH DOWN COMMAND PITCH UP COMMAND

10

20

CFO1101002_020
ROLL LEFT AND CLIMB ROLL RIGHT AND CLIMB
COMMAND COMMAND

FLIGHT GUIDANCE MODE DISPLAY AREA

Lateral and vertical FD modes are presented in the flight mode annunciator display on each PFD. The flight guidance mode
display area is located above the attitude indicator.
The mode display area is divided into three sections, separated by two gray vertical lines. The left section displays lateral
modes. The center section displays the autopilot, yaw damper, and active flight director status. The right section displays
vertical modes. Active modes are displayed in green on the top line and armed modes are displayed in white on the bottom
line.

ROLL AP YD PITCH
ALTS
M .68 350 00 16000

.54
20 4 00 4
2
.50 10 3 00 1

9 20
.68 352 00
80
7
10 1 00 1
.42
2
UTC 11 : 42
20 350 00 4
.38
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ISA -5 ° C IAS 225 29.92 IN
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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT GUIDANCE PANEL (FGP)

The FGP is the mode selection panel that selects and controls the flight director, autopilot, and yaw damper functions. The
FGP is located on the glare shield and is accessible to both pilots. The FGP is divided by the functional areas they perform.
Those fuctional areas are:
- Flight director/course
- Lateral modes
- Vertical modes
- Autopilot

DOWN

FD NAV HDG APPR FLC VS ALT AP YD FD

CFO0401002_ 001
CRS HDG SPEED ALT AP/YD DISC CRS

USH USH USH USH USH

P P P P P
1/2 BANK B/C VNAV XFR

L
IA

D S/ D
H

I R EC T AN
CE I R EC T

C
SY N C
MAC
UP

The flight guidance panel controls are as follows:

FD button — The FD 1 and 2 buttons are used to select and deselect the onside flight director. The flight director is the
lateral and vertical steering commands and the text messages representing the selected modes. Push the FD button to select
the onside flight director. When the flight director is activated using the FD button, the basic modes pitch and roll are au-
tomatically selected. With the FD active, push the FD button to deselect the flight director. With the autopilot engaged and
the flight director showing, deselection of the flight director using the FD button removes the steering commands and not
the text messages, however, the flight director continues to supply steering commands to the autopilot.
CRS knob — A course set knob (CRS) is located at each end of the FGP. These knobs individually set the courses on the
left and right PFD HSI displays. The CRS knob primarily set the course for a VOR radial or LOC course. The course knobs
have a push button in the center to synchronize the display to the aircraft “direct-to” course.
NAV (navigation) button — Pressing the NAV button alternately selects and deselects the navigation mode. The NAV
mode normally intercepts route segments identified with VOR radials and intercepts and flies desired FMS tracks.
HDG button and knob— Pressing the HDG button engages the heading mode and displays a green HDG annunciation
on the PFDs. The heading button controls the heading bug and digital display. Pressing the push button in the center of the
HDG knob synchronizes the HDG bug on all display units to the aircraft current heading. The flight director command bars
command a turn in the direction the heading bug was moved to achieve the set heading.
APPR (approach) button — The APPR mode is used for all approaches, regardless of NAV source or whether a vertical
mode is also associated with the approach. Pressing the APPR button arms both localizer and glideslope modes and
is normally used to select lateral and vertical steering for ILS and FMS. The VOR approach mode is selected by pressing
the APPR mode button with the navigation receiver tuned to a VOR frequency and selected as the active nav source. When
the navigation receiver is tuned to an ILS frequency, ILS is selected as the active navigation source. Selection of APPR
mode when the NAV source is FMS engages the FMS lateral mode the same as described for NAV, and also arms VNAV
for approach.
B/C button — The back course button is used to alternately select and deselect the back course mode for flying a localizer
back course approach.
1/2 BANK button — Pressing this button alternately selects or deselects a reduced maximum bank angle of 15° (for all
lateral modes, except roll) on both FDs. When selected, a green 1/2 bank arc appears on the top of the attitude direction
indicators.
FLC (flight level change) button — Depressing the FLC button engages the flight level change mode, which sycronizes
on engagement to the current airspeed/mach. The speed reference can then be changed with the SPEED knob. Pushing the
FLC switch again disengages the mode.

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT GUIDANCE PANEL (FGP) (Cont)

SPEED knob — The rotary SPEED knob changes the IAS/Mach speed reference (FLC mode). The speed knob changes
the bug airspeed or Mach at any time. The integral PUSH IAS/MACH button within the SPEED knob toggles the airspeed
tape between IAS and Mach. The master flight director computes the airspeed reference, and the slave flight director syn-
chronizes to this reference.
VS button — The VS switch selects vertical speed mode. When activated, the system maintains the vertical speed refer-
ence. The vertical speed reference is set to the current vertical speed at the time of mode selection. After mode selection,
rotation of the DOWN/UP wheel slews the vertical speed reference in the direction of knob rotation. Range is ±8000 fpm.
VNAV (vertical navigation) button — Pressing the VNAV button arms and then captures the FMS pitch steering com-
mands of the FDs if FMS is selected as the NAV source, the FMS is programmed for a vertical navigation profile, the alti-
tude preselector is set below existing altitude, and the aircraft is within the TOD (top of descent) window or above the
existing altitude for VNAV climb (i.e. VFLC).
ALT (altitude hold) button — Altitude hold may be engaged by depressing the ALT button on the FGP. When
ALT engages, the FD holds the existing altitude at the time the ALT button was pushed except during a precision approach
with the glideslope captured.
ALT (altitude select) knob — A preselected altitude is set via the ALT rotary knob. The altitude preselect mode provides
a means for FD/AP to climb or descend to a preselected altitude and then level off and maintain the preselected altitude. If
an altitude deviation (±200 ft) has occurred, the altitude preselect digits will turn amber and flash, press the PUSH CAN-
CEL button in the center of the ALT knob to cancel the flashing. The digits will then revert to cyan.
AP (autopilot) button — Pressing this button engages the autopilot. Pressing a second time disengages the autopilot.
YD (yaw damper) button — Pressing this button engages yaw damper. The YD can be engaged independently of
the autopilot, but the autopilot system does not engage without the YD.
XFR (transfer) button — Selects the desired flight director (left or right) to command the autopilot.

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR SYNCHRONIZATION

Flight director synchronization is selected by pushing the AP/FD sync button, located on the side of each control wheel,
while in operational mode, which enables FD synchronization selection. FD synchronization selection is enabled while in
roll, lateral GA, pitch, vertical TO, altitude hold, vertical speed, flight level change and vertical GA modes.
FD synchronization is deselected when the AP/FD button is released, and no vertical or lateral mode is active that has a
synchronization reference, a lateral or vertical mode switch is pressed, or the FD is off.
AUTOPILOT
SYNCHRONIZATION
SWITCH

INPH
TX ID

CFO1101002_030
TAKE-OFF/GO AROUND
(TO/GA) SWITCH

THRUST
REVERSER
LEVER

APR APR

TO TO

CLB CLB

IDLE IDLE

REV REV

TO/GA TO/GA

TOGA
MAX MAX
SWITCH (2) REV REV

L ENGINE R ENGINE
RUN RUN
CFO1101002-029

OFF OFF

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04-01-06 CSP 100-6 REV 2
 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR LATERAL MODES

There are eight lateral FD modes.
- ROLL
- TO (takeoff)
- HDG (heading)
- NAV (navigation, i.e. FMS, VOR)
- GA (go-around)
- APPR (approach)
- BC (back course)
- 1/2 BNK (half bank)
Lateral modes are armed or activated by push buttons on the flight guidance panel or the thrust levers. Disabling the active
lateral mode is accomplished by re-selecting the active FGP push button or by selecting another lateral mode.

ROLL MODE
Roll mode is the default lateral mode of the flight director. When the autopilot is engaged and no other lateral mode is se-
lected, the flight director automatically defaults to the basic ROLL mode. Roll mode generates commands to hold the ex-
isting heading when the mode is selected unless the roll angle is over 5°. In that case, commands are generated to hold the
roll angle present at the time of mode selection. The roll mode reference is reset to the current heading, or the current roll
angle upon autopilot engagement or flight director synchronization.
The FD automatically defaults to the basic ROLL mode when NAV mode is being used and the navigation source is lost.
ROLL mode is annunciated by a green ROLL in the active lateral field of the PFD.
ROLL AP YD PTCH

ALTS
M .46 350 00 16000

.54 4 00
20 4

.50 10 3 00 1

1 20

.46 352 00
80
.5
10 1 00 1
.42

CFO0401002_006
2
20 350 00 4
UTC 11 : 42
.38
4200
SAT -15 ° C
ISA -5 ° C IAS 225 29.92 IN

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR LATERAL MODES (Cont)

LATERAL TAKEOFF MODE
Pushing one of the TO/GA switches, prior to the start of the takeoff roll, activates the lateral and vertical takeoff modes.
However, a takeoff flap setting is required to get proper takeoff mode display.
The lateral takeoff mode generates a heading hold command once airborne. The heading hold is based upon the actual air-
craft heading at the moment of weight-off-wheels. The mode has a 5° bank angle authority. Lateral takeoff mode is annun-
ciated by a green TO in the active lateral field of the PFD.

TO YD TO

ALTS
M .46 350 00 16000

.54 4 00
20 4

.50 10 3 00 1

1 20

.46 352 00
80
.5
10 1 00 1
.42

CFO0401002_014
2
20 350 00 4
UTC 11 : 42
.38
4200
SAT -15 ° C
ISA -5 ° C IAS 225 29.92 IN

HEADING MODE
The HDG switch and knob generate commands to capture and maintain a pilot selected heading. Selected headings are dis-
played by a digital heading readout and heading bug on the PFD.
Heading mode is selected by pushing the HDG push button on the FGP. The HDG knob is used to change the selected head-
ing command. Pressing the push button in the center of the knob resets the heading bug and digital readout to the current
aircraft heading.
Heading mode is indicated by a green HDG in the active lateral field of the PFD.

HDG AP YD PTCH

M .46 350 00 16000

.54 4 00
20 4

.50 10 3 00 1

1 20

.46 352 00
80
.5
10 1 00 1
.42
CFO0401002_007

2
20 350 00 4
UTC 11 : 42
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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR LATERAL MODES (Cont)

NAV MODE
This mode is activated by pushing the (NAV) switch on the FGP, and it can be deselected in one of the following ways:
- Pushing NAV switch again
- Selecting another lateral mode
- Changing the frequency of the onside navigation signal
- Changing the NAV source
- Turning off the flight directors with the AP disengaged
- Changing coupled side
Navigation mode generates commands to capture and track the active navigation source, displayed on the PFD. Navigation
mode arms when it is selected, but it cannot capture if the FGC is not receiving valid navigation data.
The following are navigation submodes:
- FMS navigation mode
- VOR navigation mode
- LOC and backcourse mode
Prior to capture, the flight director operates in heading mode. The capture point is a function of closure rate. Navigation
capture clears the heading select mode. A localizer capture also clears the half bank mode.
Dead reckoning operation is executed during the VOR station passage.
When navigation mode is selected, the active lateral mode is annunciated on the PFD by the green HDG (in lateral capture
field) and the armed navigation is annunciated in and a white Nav source identifier (VOR1, VOR2, LOC1, LOC2, FMS1,
FMS2 in the lateral arm field). Navigation mode capture/tracking is annunciated on the PFD with a green message in the
lateral capture field, which identifies the navigation source (VOR1, VOR2, LOC1, LOC2, FMS1, FMS2). Dead reckoning
operation is annunciated on the PFD by a small green DR letters, added to the lateral nav capture annunciation.
The flight director provides a NAV to NAV capture logic that allows automatic transition from FMS navigation to LOC or
back course mode, when FMS is the selected NAV source.

LNV 1 AP YD VS

M .46 350 00 16000

.54 4 00
20 4

.50 10 3 00 1

1 20

.46 352 00
80
.5
CFO0401002_011

10 1 00 1
.42
2
20 350 00 4
UTC 11 : 42
.38
4200
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ISA -5 ° C IAS 225 29.92 IN

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR LATERAL MODES (Cont)

VOR1 AP YD PTCH

M .46 350 00 16000

.54 4 00
20 4

.50 10 3 00 1

1 20

.46 352 00
80
.5
10 1 00 1
.42
2
20 350 00 4
UTC 11 : 42
.38
4200
SAT -15 ° C
ISA -5 ° C IAS 225 29.92 IN

GO AROUND MODE
When airborne, pressing either TOGA switch activates the lateral and vertical go-around modes. Lateral go-around mode
generates a heading hold command with a five degree bank angle authority. Lateral go-around is annunciated with a green
GA message in the lateral capture field of the PFD.
Pushing the TOGA switch disengages the autopilot. The resultant autopilot warning may be cancelled by another push of
the TOGA switch or by pushing the MWS switch on the control wheel.
GA is deselected if the following occurs:
- Autopilot engagement.
- Another lateral or vertical mode is selected.
- Pressing the SYNC button, which selects pitch and roll modes.
- Turning off the Flight Directors.
- Changing the coupled side.
Selection of GA causes the flight directors to operate independently. Selection of GA mode disengages the autopilot (but
not the Yaw Damper), and clears all other existing modes.

GA YD GA

ALTS
M .46 350 00 16000

.54 4 00
20 4

.50 10 3 00 1

1 20

.46 352 00
80
.5
10 1 00 1
.42
2
20 350 00 4
UTC 11 : 42
.38
4200
SAT -15 ° C
ISA -5 ° C IAS 225 29.92 IN

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04-01-10 CSP 100-6 REV 2
 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR LATERAL MODES (Cont)

APPR MODE
The approach mode is selected by pressing the APPR button on the FGP. In this mode, the flight director generates com-
mands to capture and track lateral guidance for localizer, VOR, and FMS approaches. The approach mode can be cleared
in one of the following ways:
- Pushing APPR button again
- Selecting another lateral mode
- Changing the frequency of the onside navigation signal
- Changing the onside navigation source
- Turning off the Flight Directors with autopilot disengaged and APPR as the active lateral mode
- Change the coupled side when APPR mode is active
The lateral approach mode generates commands to capture and track the signal from the navigation source displayed on
PFD. The approach mode can be selected, but it will not capture until the onside PFD’s active nav source is valid and cap-
ture criteria has been met (except for FMS). Selection of an approach mode arms each FGC’s lateral guidance to the onside
nav source. The capture point is independently determined for each FGC.
1/2 Bank mode is automatically deselected when APPR mode is selected.

APPR VOR1 AP YD

M .46 350 00 16000

.54
20 4 00 4
2
.50 10 3 00 1

1 20
.46 352 00
80
.5
10 1 00 1
.42

CFO0401002_012
2
UTC 11 : 42
20 350 00 4
.38
4200
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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR LATERAL MODES (Cont)

B/C MODE
The localizer/back course mode can be selected by pushing the B/C button on the FGP. Back course mode can be deselected
in one of the following ways:
- Pressing the B/C button again
- Selecting another lateral mode
- Changing the frequency of the navigation signal
- Changing the preselect navigation source (other than changing to localizer)
Back course mode generates the command to capture and track the back course signal from the selected LOC source, dis-
played on the PFD. Upon back course mode selection, the flight director will arm to capture the signal from the selected
nav source. If the flight director is in nav mode capturing/tracking FMS (with the LOC as preselect source) it will continue
to track FMS and arm for LOC capture.
Back course capture clears half bank and heading modes. Back course mode is annunciated on the PFD with two messages:
green in the lateral capture field indicating captured NAV source and also green in the lateral arm field, which identifies
the armed NAV source (B/C1 or B/C2).

APPR B/C 2 AP YD ALTS

M .46 350 00 16000

.54
20 4 00 4
2
.50 10 3 00 1

1 20
.46 352 00
80
.5
10 1 00 1
.42

CFO0401002_013
2
UTC 11 : 42
20 350 00 4
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4200
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04-01-12 CSP 100-6 REV 1
 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR LATERAL MODES (Cont)

1/2 BANK MODE
Half bank mode can be manually selected by pushing the 1/2 BANK button on the FGP except when any of the following
modes is active; Approach Capture or Track, NAV Capture or Track in LOC or GA. It will be automatically selected when
climbing through 31 600 ft. pressure altitude (the half bank transition altitude) or if the aircraft is above that altitude when
the flight director is turned on. This mode selection is inhibited when the aircraft is in takeoff mode, go around
mode, approach mode capture or localizer capture.
The Half Bank Mode is manually cleared by pushing the 1/2 BANK button again. This mode is automatically cleared when
descending through the half bank transition altitude, by takeoff mode, by go-around mode, by approach capture or any lo-
calizer capture.
The Half Bank Mode reduces the maximum commanded bank angle to 15°. Half Bank Mode has no effect on roll mode
operation. Half Bank Mode is annunciated by a green arc drawn above the roll scale index marks on the PFD. The length
of the mark represents +/- 15° of roll.

1/2 BNK HDG AP YD FLC

APPR LOC2 ALTV FLC GP

M .46 350 00 16000

.54 4 00
20 4

.50 10
3 00 1

1 20

.46 352 00
80
.5
10 1 00 1
.42
2
20 350 00 4
UTC 11 : 42
.38
4200
SAT -15 ° C
ISA -5 ° C IAS 225 29.92 IN

FLIGHT DIRECTOR VERTICAL MODES

There are 10 vertical flight director modes.
- Pitch (PTCH)
- Altitude preselect (ALTS)/Altitude hold (ALT)
- Takeoff (TO)
- Overspeed
- Vertical Navigation (VNAV)
- Glidepath (GP)
- FLC
- Vertical speed (VS)
- Glideslope (GS)
- Go-around (GA)
Vertical modes are armed or activated by switches or a UP/DOWN wheel on the flight guidance panel or TOGA switches
on the thrust levers. Disabling the active vertical mode is accomplished by pushing the active FGP push button or
by selecting another vertical mode.

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR VERTICAL MODES (Cont)

PITCH MODE
When pitch mode is selected, the flight director generates commands to hold the current pitch attitude. Selection of the Pitch
Mode is automatic in the following cases:
- Any other vertical mode has been deselected, either manually or automatically
- Autopilot is engaged with the FD off
- Flight Director is ON with no other vertical mode(s) selected
- The SYNC button is pressed in go-around mode
- Go-around is active mode and another lateral mode is selected
- While the AP is engaged or FD is ON, the coupled side is changed
- The pre-select altitude is changed during the pre-select altitude capture
- The FGP UP/DOWN wheel is moved (except in: VS Mode, Vertical Glide path, Capture or Track, or Overspeed
function)
- If VNAV has been selected, the FMS may select the pitch hold mode
- Deselecting VNAV when GP, PATH or FCS ALTS are the active modes with flight plan target altitude as the active
reference
The pitch mode is deselected when selection or automatic capture of another active vertical mode occurs. The pitch refer-
ence value can be changed by using the UP/DOWN wheel on the FGP. Rotation of the VS/pitch wheel changes the pitch
reference by 0.5°/click. The pitch reference is reset to the current pitch attitude, upon either AP engagement, transferring
to pitch mode, or FD sync. When in altitude select capture, rotating the VS/pitch wheel also re-arms altitude select mode.
When capturing or tracking a preselected altitude, a new preselect altitude must be chosen prior to selection of pitch mode,
to avoid an immediate recapture of the existing preselected altitude.
Pitch Mode is annunciated by PTCH in green in the vertical capture field.

ROLL YD PTCH

M .46 350 00 16000

.54 4 00
20 4

.50 10 3 00 1

1 20

.46 352 00
80
.5
10 1 00 1
.42
2
20 350 00 4
UTC 11 : 42
.38
4200
SAT -15 ° C
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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR VERTICAL MODES (Cont)

ALTITUDE SELECT (ALTS)
The altitude select mode consists of arm, capture and track states. In the arm state, the FGC monitors aircraft closure rates
towards the target altitude and determines the optimum capture point. The capture state performs calculations for a smooth
acquisition of the target altitude. In the track state, the system maintains the target altitude. There are two possible target
altitudes for ALTS operation:
- Preselect Altitude value – Manually selected by the pilot using the ALT switch on the FGP
- FMS flight plan target altitude provided by the FMS
The ALTS mode will capture and track the altitude that is closest in the direction the aircraft is headed. This mode is auto-
matically selected (no button for manual selection is provided) upon existence of any mode (FD is selected on, or AP is
engaged) except for glideslope capture, vertical go around, altitude hold or VNAV glide path capture, while the FMS alti-
tude is invalid or missing.
ALTS arm is deselected upon occurrence of any of the following:
- Automatic transition to the capture state
- Turning off the FD while the AP is disengaged
- Activation of APPR mode
- Selection of vertical go-around or altitude hold modes
ALTS capture is deselected upon the occurrence of any of the following:
- Automatic transition to the track state
- Turning off the FD while the AP is disengaged
- Selection of any other active vertical mode
- Turning the altitude preselect knob
- If VNAV is deselected, pitch shall be selected as the active mode
Deselecting of ALTS track will occur due to any of the following:
- Turning off the FD while AP is disengaged
- Turning the altitude preselect knob when the VNAV altitude is not the same as preselected altitude being tracked;
Altitude hold will be automatically selected as the active mode
- A change of the FMS flight plan target altitude if the VNAV altitude is target; altitude hold is automatically
selected as the active mode
- If ALTS is tracking the flight plan target altitude and VNAV is deselected, altitude hold shall be the active mode.
- Activation of Vertical APPR Capture/Track states
- Selection of any other active vertical mode
Altitude select mode generates commands to capture and track selected altitude displayed on the PFD. During the altitude
capture maneuver, or after being established on the selected altitude (altitude track), if the selected altitude is changed, the
altitude hold mode is automatically selected. A deselection of vertical navigation mode, while capturing/tracking an FMS
altitude, will also select altitude hold mode. In addition to altitude preselect being set with the altitude preselect knob, a
FMS flight path target altitude can be programmed for use with VNAV. In the VNAV glide path capture mode, capturing
the preselected altitude is prohibited.

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR VERTICAL MODES (Cont)

When the closest altitude being approached is the preselected altitude, altitude preselect is annunciated on the PFD in one
of the following ways:
- ALTS in white color in the vertical arm field — arm
- ALTS CAP in green color in the vertical capture field — capture
- ALTS in green color in the vertical capture field — track
When the closest altitude being approached is the FMS altitude, altitude select is annunciated on the PFD in one of the
following ways:
- ALTV in white color in the vertical arm field — arm
- ALTV CAP in green color in the vertical capture field — capture
- ALTV in green color in the vertical capture field — track

ALTS AP YD VS 2000

M .46 350 00 16000

.54
20 4 00
4

.50 10 3 00 1

1 20

.46 352 00
80
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Volume 2 Flight Crew Operating Manual May 06/2005

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR VERTICAL MODES (Cont)

ALTITUDE ALERT SYSTEM
The altitude alert system provides aural and visual indications of the preselected altitude capture and tracking. It also pro-
vides audio and visual indications of altitude deviation from the preselected altitude.
The altitude alerting system processes data from the ADCs and is independent of the flight director or autopilot modes.
At approximately 1000 feet prior to the preselected altitude, an aural tone and flashing altitude preselect digits advises the
pilot of impending level off. If the flight director is tracking a preselected altitude and the aircraft subsequently deviates
more than 200 feet from the selected altitude, the altitude bugs flashes and a series of tones are produced.
If the aircraft continues to deviate uncorrected, at ± 1000 ft. from the selected altitude, the altitude bugs and digital readout
flash amber and audible tones are produced.
(ALT) MODE
Selection of Altitude Hold Mode occurs due to one of the following:
- Pressing the ALT button on the FGP, except that ALT HOLD is inhibited when in glideslope capture
- If VNAV has been selected, the FMS may select the altitude hold mode
- Altitude PreSelect is changed during ALTS track state
- While in ALTS track, a change of the FMS VNAV altitude if the VNAV altitude is the target. Altitude Hold is auto-
matically selected as the active mode
Altitude Hold Mode can be deselected, as follows:
- Turning Off the Flight Directors, while the AP is disengaged
- Another active vertical mode is selected
- If VNAV has been selected, the FMS may select another active vertical mode
- Another vertical mode is automatically captured, becoming the active mode
- The ALT mode button on FGP is pressed
- Changing coupled side
This mode is annunciated by a green ALT in the vertical capture field.
TAKEOFF MODE
Prior to takeoff, the vertical takeoff mode is selected when either TOGA switch is pressed and the flaps are set to a takeoff
setting. A green TO message is displayed in the active vertical field. This mode generates a pitch up command that is cal-
culated when the pilot enters V2 and VR values in the REFS 1/3 page or via the FMS TAKEOFF REF page. Loss of an
engine reduces the pitch up command appropriately. If V2 and VR are not entered when the TOGA switch is pushed, the
command bars are removed from the display.
GO-AROUND MODE (GA)
Go-around (GA) mode is selected by pushing one of throttle-mounted TOGA buttons while airborne. Selection of GA
mode turns on both flight directors, disengages the autopilot (but not the yaw damper), clears all other vertical modes (ex-
cept overspeed), and switches the flight guidance commands to a dual-independent configuration.
This mode is cleared by:
- Turning off the flight directors
- Engaging the autopilot
- Selecting another vertical mode
- Pressing AP/FD SYNC button
- Rotating the UP/DOWN wheel, which selects Pitch Hold
The GA Mode generates a 10° pitch up command.
This mode is annunciated by a green GA in the lateral and vertical capture field.

REV 1

Sep 13/2004 Flight Crew Operating Manual Volume 2

REV 1 CSP 100-6 04-01-17
 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR VERTICAL MODES (Cont)

FLIGHT LEVEL CHANGE (FLC) MODE
In flight level change mode (FLC), the flight director provides commands to acquire and track an IAS or Mach reference
airspeed. The IAS/MACH reference values may be adjusted by turning the speed knob on the FGP.
The IAS/MACH reference values, may be adjusted by the pilot by turning the Speed knob on FGP. These values can also
be synchronized by the FGC or by the FMS when in VNAV mode and RESUME VNAV PLAN SPEED is selected on the
FMS PERF MENU page.
FLC mode may be selected in the following ways:
- Pressing the FLC button on the FGP, except FLC is inhibited from being selected while in the Vertical Approach
Capture / Track Mode
- Using FMS, if VNAV has been selected
FLC mode may be deselected as follows:
- Turning the FD off while the AP is disengaged
- Another vertical mode is selected or automatically captured
- If VNAV has been selected, and FMS selects another active vertical mode
- Pressing FLC button on the FGP
- Changing the coupled side
When the FLC mode is first selected, the flight director synchronizes the IAS or Mach airspeed reference to the current
speed.
FLC is displayed in green letters in the vertical capture field.
OVERSPEED MODE
If any significant overspeed occurs when the aircraft is at or above the overspeed transition altitude and airspeed is greater
than 0.845 MI, or is below the overspeed transition altitude and airspeed is greater than 10 kt above VMO. Overspeed Mode
is automatically engaged by the FGC unless altitude hold or altitude preselect are active. The FGC generates the commands
to reduce the airspeed to below VMO/ MMO. While in overspeed mode, the selection or activation of a vertical mode other
than altitude hold or ALTS capture or track is inhibited. Activation of overspeed mode causes the FGC to automatically
turn on the flight directors and inhibit the FD from being turned off until another mode is manually or automatically select-
ed.
Flight Guidance can not be deselected in FLC Overspeed. While in FLC Overspeed, the Altitude Preselector will not inhibit
commands to climb or descend as required to capture the reference airspeed.
When Flight Level Change Overspeed is detected, a FLC OSPD flashing in amber in the top (capture) field on the PFD. If
VNAV is active in the vertical field, a VFLC OSPD flashing amber CAS is depicted on the PFD.
VERTICAL NAVIGATION MODE
VNAV mode allows the FMS to execute its vertical flight plan by issuing various commands to the FCS. Therefore, VNAV
is not a FCS mode, but enables the FMS to command various FCS vertical modes and to provide references associated with
those modes. VNAV is selected only when onside FMS is the active NAV source on the PFD. VNAV mode is selected by
pressing the VNAV button on FGP. VNAV is inhibited when the FCS is in the vertical approach capture/track, if ILS is the
vertical source, or when Overspeed mode is active.
VNAV mode is deselected as follows:
- Turning off the FD while the AP is disengaged
- Automatic capture/track of vertical approach mode, when ILS is the vertical source
- Selecting TO or GA mode
- Changing the source of the active VNAV data
- By pressing the VNAV mode button on the FGP

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Volume 2 Flight Crew Operating Manual May 06/2005

04-01-18 CSP 100-6 REV 2
 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR VERTICAL MODES (Cont)

VERTICAL SPEED MODE (VS)
When the VS mode is selected, the Flight Guidance Computer (FGC) commands the aircraft to climb or descend with a
vertical speed measured in feet per minute. Initially the rate will be vertical speed sensed at the time of VS mode engage-
ment.
Turning the UP/DOWN wheel on the FGP changes the VS reference value. Each click of the wheel is equal to ± 100 ft/min.

ROLL AP YD VS 2000

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APPROACH MODE (APPR)

In the approach mode, the FGC generates commands to track vertical guidance for ILS precision glideslope approaches or
for FMS non-precision glide path (GP) approaches. Approach mode is selected by pushing the APPR button on the FGP.
GLIDESLOPE MODE
Glideslope is automatically selected when in approach mode, inbound, with a valid localizer as the lateral navigation
source. Glideslope mode is cleared by deselection of approach mode. When armed, glideslope mode is also cleared by turn-
ing outbound, or by loss of a valid localizer as the lateral navigation source. When captured, glideslope mode is cleared by
changing the source of the lateral navigation source to anything other than a valid localizer.
Glideslope mode generates commands to capture and track glideslope. Captures can be performed from below or above the
beam. The capture point is a function of the closure rate, with the capture point moving away from the beam for high closure
rates. Capture will not occur if the localizer is not captured, or if the FGC is not receiving valid glideslope data.
Upon glideslope capture, other vertical modes are automatically cleared.
When the APPR capture occurs, the flight directors automatically change to independent mode. When the glideslope cap-
tures are not concurrent and only one side has captured, vertical mode selection, PFD annunciation, etc. operate indepen-
dently on the noncaptured side.
The GS mode is deselected when one of the following occur:
- Another mode is selected.
- Changing the active NAV source.
- VOR/LOC frequency is changed.
- By pressing APPR button again.
- Changing the XFR side when APPR is armed.
- The FDs are turned off while the AP disengages.
Glideslope arm is annunciated by the white GS message in the vertical (arm) field on the PFD.

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 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

FLIGHT DIRECTOR VERTICAL MODES (Cont)

APPR LOC1 AP YD GS

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GLIDEPATH MODE
This mode can be selected only by the FMS, as follows:
- While FCS is in the VNAV mode and approach mode
- FMS is the active Nav source
- No preselect Nav source is active
- FMS VNAV is valid
There is no button for glide path mode on the FGP. Glide path is automatically deselected/cleared by deselection of VNAV
or approach modes or by selection or capture of another active vertical mode.
Glide path mode generates commands to track a vertical path, defined by the FMS.
Glide path capture disables use of the preselected altitude mode operation. Glide path arm is annunciated with a white GP
in the vertical arm field of the PFD. Glide path capture is annunciated by the green GP in the vertical capture field on the
PFD.

HDG AP YD PTCH

APPR LOC2 ALTV FLC GP

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Volume 2 Flight Crew Operating Manual May 06/2005

04-01-20 CSP 100-6 REV 2