Long Answer Questions

Give reasons why some places get more rain and some places get
less rain. - Altitude
The west of islands get more rain because it is facing the
direction of the prevailing winds. Upland areas also get more
rain because the mountains force the prevailing winds to rise,
which cools the air and forms clouds and rain. Hence, other
places get less rain. Places located on the leeward side of the
mountain also will not get much rain because the wind rises
up the windward side of the mountain, the air is cooled and
rain falls down the windward side. Then the air dries as it
descends down the other side (leeward side).
Explain the difference between weather and climate.
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at any given time,
whereas climate is the pattern of weather. Climate tells you
what the weather at a place is usually like. Weather in short
terms is atmospheric conditions and climate is the average
weather of a particular place over a period of time.
In the Uk, summers are now getting hotter and drier.
a. Why is this happening?
b. Suggest one way in which these changes could affect:
1. Farmers in the UK
2. You
This is happening because there is a change in the amount of
rainfall and global warming. This is caused by the lack of trees
and the polluted air conditions. With only a small amount of
trees, the air will become more and more polluted with
greenhouse gasses and these gasses will absorb more heat
from the Earth’s atmosphere. Hence, this is why summers are
not getting hotter and drier. This can affect farmers because
as the heat increases, the amount of parasites which can
cause diseases can affect their livestock. The dry weather can
also cause droughts and lack of rainfall so as a result, crops
will be difficult to grow. The extreme heat can also affect us as
 it can cause health problems and respiratory conditions like
asthma. The food-producing systems will also be affected so
we will have less food and diseases will spread among us
more easily.
Can you find any correlation between coalfields and population
density? Describe what you notice. Explain any correlation that you
find.
The population is denser in areas with coalfields. This is
because, by living near coalfields, the people can extract the
coal and use it as resources to generate electricity, produce
steel by coking the coal, and for other industries.
Suggest some reasons why the average pay in London is so high.
The average pay in London is so high because London is a
global city, which means it has an impact far beyond just the
UK and it is a world hub for finance. It is also because the
biggest paying jobs and high-paying companies are there.
Advanced economy.
Today, people move to London from all over the UK, and from other
countries. Suggest three pull factors that attract them.
Thanks mainly to its location, London has grown far larger than any
other British city. Which aspects of its location have helped it to
grow?

2 links are very important for allowing trade and tourism to take
place. Identify them, and justify your choice.
Why would a foreign company want to buy a water or electricity
company in the UK? Suggest a reason.
“It would be best if the UK cut its links with the rest of the world.”
Think about this opinion. Do you agree with it? Decide, and write at
least 5 sentences to justify your decision.
 Geography Notes
Pros and cons of urban and rural life

Rural Urban
Advantages Advantages
- Quiet and calm - Better public transports
- Lower crime rate - Better education
- Closer relations with local opportunities
community and more - Access to more facilities
voice - Better access to the latest
- More space/privacy technology
- Closer to nature - Better connections to the
- More relaxed lifestyle internet
- Better job opportunities
Disadvantages Disadvantages
- Lack of certain - More stressful lifestyle
facilities/services - Crowded
- Lesser housing choices - More traffic jams
- Lesser job opportunities - Hotter because there is
- Harder to connect with lesser trees in the summer
internet - Higher rent
- Less diverse - Less secure (more crime)
- Lesser access to utilities - Air pollution
- Higher daily life expenses
- Noisy and lack of space
- Competitive job market

Glaciers
Alpine glaciers Ice sheets (giant glaciers)
Form on mountainsides Not limited to mountainous
areas
Move down the side of a Flows out to the thinnest parts.
mountain through valleys Flows into the ocean and floats
as an ice shelf
Glaciers can be found in every Spread out from their centers in
continent except Australia all directions
Also known as valley Cover everything around them
glaciers/mountain glaciers with a thick blanket of ice
Flow faster than ice sheets Covers valleys, plains, entire
because of gravity mountains
Cover most of Antarctica and
the island of Greenland
Ice sheets cover much of North
America and Europe during the
Ice Age
⅓ of Earth’s land was covered
with glaciers (ice sheets) during
the last Ice Age
1/10 of Earth’s land is covered
by glacial ice today
Glaciers:
● Form when more snow piles up each year than melts
● Pulled by gravity, an alpine glacier moves slowly down a
valley
● Flowing ice in the middle of the glacier moves faster than the
base
● Crevasses: cracks on top of glaciers (when glaciers are
stretched) and can be very dangerous because they open
quickly and can be very deep
● Provide people with fertile soil for growing crops
 ● Provide deposits of sand and gravel which are used to make
concrete and asphalt
● Provides freshwater

Flowing Glaciers
● Glaciers can flow
- Ice flows inside a glacier
➢ Ice crystals slide over each under
➔ Under pressure
➢ Ice at the bottom of the glacier melt
➔ Due to the weight of the glacier
➔ Glaciers can slide along on the water (melted
ice)

Alpine glaciers Ice sheets

Flow down the side of the Flow out to the thinnest parts
mountain in a valley until it - Flows into the ocean
reaches a place where they ➔ Floating ice sheets
melt (but attached to land)
= ice shelf
➔ Broken bits of ice
shelf = ice bergs

Ice Age
Years ago What happened?
8100 Ice melted → water levels rose
Rising water cut the British Isles
from the rest of Europe. Ice
changed the landscape
10,000 Earth warmed up again. Ice age
ended. Ice over the British Isles
 melted away.
12,000 Ice sheet was shrinking. We
came back to the British Isles
again
20,000 Nobody was in the British Isles.
- There were woolly
mammoths, arctic foxes
and bison
- In the summer, there were
reindeer and antelope
40,000 We arrived in the british Isles.
Ice sheet spread → too cold →
we left
110,000 Earth got colder and colder. A
new ice age began (there were
others before that). Ice sheets
spread over much of northern
Europe and most of the British
Isles.