st Coy. Ee IS 1893 ( Part 1): 2002 RAT ATT eat & yeh fons ass ( ate green ) Indian Standard CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS ( Fifth Revision ) Jes 91,120.25 eee © BIS2002 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG ‘NEW DELHI 110002 June 2002 Price Group 42TS 1993 (Part 1 Indian Standard CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS. ( Fifth Revision ) FOREWORD ‘This Indian Standard (Part 1 ) (Fifth Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council, ‘Himalayan-Nagalushai region, Indo-Gangetic Plain, Western India, Kutch and Kathiawar regions arc geologically unstable parts of the country, and some devastating earthquakes of the world have occurred there. A major part of the peninsular India has also been visited by strong earthquakes, but these were relatively few in ‘number occurring at much larger time intervals at any site, and had considerably lesser intensity, The earthquake resistant design of structures taking into account seismic data from studies of these Indian earthquakes has ‘become very essential, particularly in view of the intense construction activity all over the country. It is to serve this purpose that IS 1893 : 1962 ‘Recommendations for earthquake resistant design of structures’ was published and revised first time in 1966. ‘Asa result of additional seismic data collected in India and further knowledge and experience gained since ‘the publication of the frst revision of this standard, the sectional committee felt the need to revise the standard again incorporating many changes, such as revision of maps showing seismic zones and epicentres, and adding ‘a more rational approach for design of buildings and sub-structures of bridges, These were covered in the second revision of IS 1893 brought out in 1970. ‘Asaesultof the increased use of the standard, considerable amount of suggestions were received for modifying, some of the provisions of the standard and, therefore, third revision ofthe standard was brought out in 1975. ‘The following changes were incorporated in the third revision: 8) The standard incorporated seismic zone factors ( previously given as multiplying factors in the second revision) on a more rational basis. b) Importance factors were introduced to account for the varying degrees of importance for various structures. ©) Inthe clauses for design of multi-storeyed buildings, the coefficient of flexibility was given in the form of a curve with respect to period of buildings, Amore rational formula was used to combine modal shear forces. ©) New clauses were introduced for determination of hydrodynamic pressures in elevated tanks. 4) Clauses on concrete and masonry dams were modified, taking into account their dynamic behaviour daring earthquakes. Simplified formulae for design forces were introduced based on results of extensive studies carried out since second revision of the standard was published. ‘The fourth revision, brought out in 1984, was prepared to modify some of the provisions of the standard as a result of experience gained with the use of the standard, In this revision, a numberof important basic modifications ‘with'Tespect to load factors, field values of N, base shear and modal analysis were introduced. A new concept of performance factor depending on the structural framing system and on the ductility of construction was incorporated, Figure 2 for average acceleration spectra was also modified and a curve for zero percent damping, incorporatedIS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 In the fifth revision, with a view to keep abreast with the rapid development and extensive research that has bbeen carried out inthe field of earthquake resistant design of various structures, the committee has decided to cover the provisions for different types of structures in separate parts. Hence, IS 1893 has been split into the following five parts Part 1 General provisions and buildings Part 2 Liquid retaining tanks — Elevated and ground supported Part 3 Bridges and retaining walls Part 4 Industrial structures including stack like structures Part 5 Dams and embankments Part 1 contains provisions that are general in nature and applicable to all structures, Also, it contains provisions ‘that are specific to buildings only, Unless stated otherwise, the provisions in Parts 2 to 5 shall be read necessarily inonjunction with the general provisions in Part 1. NOTE — Pending finalization of Parts 2 to 5 of IS 1893, provisions of Pert 1 will be ead along with the relevant clauses of IS 1893 : 1984 for structures other than buildings. The following are the major and important modifications made inthe fifth revision: 8) The seismic zone map is revised with only four zones, instead of five. Erstwhile Zone I has been ‘merged to Zone Il. Hence, Zone I does not appear in the new zoning; only Zones If, III, TV and V do. b)_ The values of seismic zone factors have been changed; these now reflect more realistic values of cffective peak ground acceleration considering Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE ) and service life of structure in each seismic zone. ©) Response spectra are now specified for three types of founding strata, namely rock and hard soil, medium soil and soft soil 4) Empirical expression for estimating the fundamental natural periéd 7, of multi-storeyed buildings ‘with regular moment resisting frames has been revised. ©) This revision adopts the procedure of first calculating the actual force that may be experienced by the structure during the probable maximum earthquake, ifit were to remain elastic. Then, the concept of response reduction due to ductile deformation or frictional energy dissipation in the-cracks is ‘brought into the code explicitly, by introducing the ‘response reduction factor’ in place of the earlier performance factor, 1) A lower bound is specified for the design base shear of buildings, based on empirical estimate of the fundamental natural period 7,, ®) The soil-foundation system factor is dropped. Instead, a clause is introduced to restrict the use of foundations vulnerable to differential settlements in severe seismic zones, 1) Torsional eccentricity values have been revised upwards in view of serious damages observed in buildings with imegular plans. 3) Modal combination rule in dynamic analysis of buildings has been revised. 1) Other clauses have been redrafted where necessary for more effective implementation, It is not intended in this standard to lay down regulation so that no structure shall suffer any damage during ‘earthquake of all magnitudes. It has been endeavoured to ensure that, as far as possible, structures are able to respond, without structural damage to shocks of moderate intensities and without total collapse to shocks of heavy intensities. While this standard is intended for the earthquake resistant design of normal structures, it has to be emphasized that in the case of special structures, such as large and tall dams, long-span bridges, ‘major industrial projects, ec, site-specific detailed investigation should be undertaken, unless otherwise specified in the relevant clauses.JS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 ‘Though the basis for the design of different types of structures is covered in this standard, itis not implied that detailed dynamic analysis should be made in every case. In highly seismic areas, construction of a type ‘which entails heavy debris and consequent loss of life and property, such as masonry, particularly mud masonry and rubble masonry, should preferably be avoided. For guidance on precautions tobe observed in the construction ‘ofbuildings, reference may be made to IS 4326, 1S 13827 and IS 13828. Earthquake can cause damage nat only on account of the shaking which results from them but also duc to other chain effects like landslides, floods, fires and disruption to communication. Its, therefore, important to take necessary precautions in the siting, planning and design of structures so that they are safe against such secondary effects also. ‘The Sectional Committee has appreciated that there cannot be an entirely scientific basis for zoning in view of the scanty data available. Though the magnitudes of different earthquakes which have occurred in the past are known to a reasonable degree of accuracy, the intensities of the. shocks caused by these earthquakes have so far been mostly estimated by damage surveys and there is little instrumental evidence to corroborate the conclusions arrived at. Maximum intensity at different places can be fixed on a scale only on the basis of the observations made and recorded after the earthquake and thus a zoning map which is based on the maximum intensities arrived at, is likely to lead in some cases to an incorrect conclusion in view of (a) incorrectness in the assessment of intensities, (b) human error in judgment during the damage survey, and (c) variation in quality and design of structures causing variation in type and extert of damage to the structures for the same intensity of shock, The Sectional Committee has therefore, considered that a rational approach to the problem ‘would be to arrive at a zoning map based on known magnitudes and the known epicentres (see Annex A.) assuming all other conditions as being average and to modify such an idealized isoseismal map in light of tectonics ( see Annex B), lithology (see Annex C) and the maximum intensities as recorded from damage surveys. The Committee has also reviewed sucha map in the light of the past history and fature possibilities and also attempted to draw the lines demarcating the different zones so as to be clear of important towns, cities and industrial areas, after making special examination of such cases, asa littc modification in the zonal domarcations may mean considérable difference to the economics ofa project in that area. Maps shown in Fig. Land Annexes A, B and Care prepared based on information available upto 1993. Inthe seismic zoning map, Zone I and Il of the contemporary map have been merged and assigned the level ‘of Zone IL. The Killari area has been included in Zone IIl and necessary modifications made, keeping in view the probabilistic hazard evaluation. The Bellary isolated zone has been semoved. The parts of eastern coast areas have shown similar hazard to that of the Killari area, the level of Zone II has been enhanced to Zone III and connected with Zone III of Godawari Graben area. ‘The seismic hazard level with respect to ZPA at 50 percent risk level and 100 years service life goes on progressively increasing from southern peninsular portion o the Himalayan main seismic source, the revised seismic zoning map has given status of Zone II to Narmada Tectonic Domain, Mahanandi Graben and Godawari Graben. This isa logical normalization keeping in view the apprehended higher strain rates in these domains on geological consideration of higher neotectonic activity recorded in these areas. ‘Attention is particularly drawn to the fact that the intensity of shock due to an earthquake could vary locally at any place due to variation in soil conditions. Earthquake response of systems would be affected by different {ypes of foundation system in addition to variation of ground motion due to various types of soils, Considering the effects in a gross manner, the standard gives guidelines for arriving at design seismic coefficients based on stiffness of base soil tis important to note that the seismic coefficient, used in the design of any structure, is dependent on nany variable factors and itis an extremely difficult task to determine the exact seismic coefficient in each given case. Itis, therefore, necessary to indicate broadly the seismic coefficients that could generally be adopted in different parts or zones of the country though, of course, a rigorous analysis considering all the factors involved has to be made in the case of all important projects in order to arrive ata suitable seismic coefficients for design. The Sectional Committee responsible forthe formulation of this standard has attempted to include aseismic zoning map ( see Fig. 1) for this purpose. he object of this map isto classify the area of the country {nto a number of zones in which one may reasonably expect earthquake shaking of more or ess same maximum intensity in future. The Intensity as per Comprehensive Intensity Scale (MSK64 ) (see Annex D ) broadly associated with the various zones is VI (or less ), VIL, VIII and IX (and above for Zones I, I11, IV and V respectively. The, maximum seismic ground acceleration in each zone cannot be presently predicted with 3IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 accuracy either on a deterministic or on a probabilistic basis, The basic zone factors included herein are reasonable estimates of effective peak ground accelerations for the design of various structures covered in ‘this standard. Zone factors for some important towns are given in Annex E. Base isolation and energy absorbing devices may be used for earthquake resistant design. Only standard devices having detailed experimental data on the performance should be used. The designer must demonstrate by detailed analyses that these devices provide sufficient protection to the buildings and equipment as envisaged in this standard, Performance of locally assembled isolation and energy absorbing devices should be evaluated experimentally before they are used in practice. Design of buildings and equipment using such device should be reviewed by the competent authority Base isolation systems are found useful for short period structures, say less than 0.7 s including soil-structure interaction. In the formulation of this standard, due weightage has been given to international coordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it tothe practices in the field in this country. Assistance has particularly been derived from the following publications: 8) UBC 1994, Uniform Building Code, International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, California, US.A.1994 b) NEHRP 1991, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for New Buildings, Part 1: Provisions, Report No, FEMA 222, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C, US.A., January 1992. ©) NBHRP 1991, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for New Buildings, Part 2 : Commentary, Report No. FEMA 223, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., January 1992. 4) NZS.4203 : 1992, Code of Practice for General Structural Design and Design Loadings for Buildings, Standards Association of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand, 1992. In the preparation of this standard considerable assistance has been given by the Department of Earthquake Engineering, University of Roorkee; Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, IIT Bombay, Mumbai; Geological ‘Survey of India; India Meteorological Department, and several other organizations. “The units used with the items covered by the symbols shall be consistent throughout this standard, unless specifically noted otherwise. ‘The composition of the Commitiee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value ‘observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with 182: 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. (Barthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 39 ) 4Indian Standard CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS: ( Fifth Revision ) 1 SCOPE 1.1 This standard (Part 1) deals with assessment of seismic loads on Various structures and earthquake resistant design of buildings. Its basic provisions are applicable to buildings; elevated structures; industrial and stack like structures; bridges; concrete masonry and earth dams; embankments and retaining walls and other structures, 1.2 Temporary elements such as scaffolding, emmporary excavations need not be designed for earthquake forces. 1.3 This standard does not deal with the construction features relating to earthquake resistant design in buildings and other structures. For guidance on carthquake resistant construction of buildings, reference may be made to the following Indian Standards: 15.4326, 1S 13827, IS 13828, IS 13920and IS 13935. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 The following Indian Standards are necessary adjuncts to this standard: IS No. Tile 456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (fourth revision) 800:1984 Code of practice for general construction. in steel ( second revision ) 815 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) forbuildings and structures: (Part): 1987 Dead loads — Unit weights of ‘building material and stored materials (second revision ) (Part2):1987 Imposed loads ( second revision ) (Part 3): 1987, Wind loads (second revision ) (Pant): 1987 Snow loads ( second revision ) (Part): 1987. Special loads and load combinations (second revision } ISNo. 1343: 1980 1498: 1970 1888: 1982 1895 (Part 4) 2131; 1981 2809: 1972, 2810: 1979 4326: 1993 6403 : 1981 13827: 1993 13828: 1993 13920; 1993 13935: 1993 SP6(6):1972 1S 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 Title Code of practice for pre-stressed concrete (first revision ) Classification and identification of soils for general engineering purposes (first revision ) Method of load teston soils (second revision ) Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures: Part 4 Industrial structures including stack like structures “Method of standard penetration test for soils (first revision ) Glossary of terms and symbols relating to soil engineering (first revision ) Glossary of terms relating to soil dynamics (firs revision ) Earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings — Code of practice ( second revision ) Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations (first revision ) Improving earthquake resistance of earthen buildings — Guidelines Improving earthquake resistance of ow strength masonry buildings — Guidelines Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic forces — Code of practice Repair and seismic strengthening of buildings — Guidelines Handbook for structural engineers Application of plastic theory in design of steel structuresIS 1893 (Part 1); 2002 3 TERMINOLOGY FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 3.1. For the purpose of this standard, the following ‘definitions shall apply which are applicable generally toall structures. NOTE —For the definitions of terms pertaining to soil mechanics end soil dynemics references may be made to IS 2808 and IS 2810. 3.2 Closely-Spaced Modes Cloiely-spaced modes of a structure are those af its natural modes of vibration whose natural frequencies differ from each other by 10 percent or less of the lower frequency. 3.3 Critical Damping ‘The damping beyond which the free vibration motion will not be oscillatory, 3.4 Damping ‘The effect of intemal friction, imperfect elasticity of material, slipping, sliding, etcin reducing the amplitude of vibration and is expressed asa percentage of critical damping. 3.5 Design Acceleration Spectrum Design acceleration spectrum refers to an average -moothened plot of maximum acceleration asa function of frequency or time period of vibration for a specified damping ratio for earthquake excitations at the base ‘ofa single degree of freedom system. 3.6 Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) It is the carthquake which can reasonably be expected to occur at least once during the design life of the structure. 3.7 Design Horizontal Acceleration Coefficient (Ay) Itisa horizontal acceleration coefficient that shall be used for design of structures. 3.8 Design Lateral Force Itis the horizontal seismic force prescribed by this standard, that shall be used to design a structure. 3.9 Duetility Ductilty ofa structure, or its members, isthe capacity to undergo large inelastic deformations without significant loss of strength or stiffness. 3.10 Epicentre "The geographical point onthe surface of earth vertically above the focus of the earthquake. 3.11 Effective Peak Ground Acceleration (EPGA) Itis 0.4 times the 5 percent damped average spectral acceleration between period 0.1 to 0.3 s. This shall bbe taken as Zero Period Acceleration ( ZPA ). 3.12 Floor Response Spectra Floor response spectra is the response spectra for a time history motion of a floor. This floor motion time history is obtained by an analysis of multi-storey ‘building for appropriate material damping values subjected to a specified earthquake motion at the base of structure, 3.13 Focus ‘The originating earthquake source of the clastic waves inside the earth which cause shaking of ground due tocarthquake, 3.44 Importance Factor (1) Ttis a factor used to obtain the design seismic force depending on the functional use of the structure, characterised by hazardous consequences ofits failure, its post-earthquake functional need, historic value, ‘or economic importance. 3.15 Intensity of Earthquake ‘The intensity of an earthquake at a place is a measure of the strength of shaking during the earthquake, and is indicated by a number according to the modified Mercalli Scale or M.S K. Seale of seismic intensities (see Annex). 3.16 Liquefaction Liquefaction isa state in saturated cohesiontess soil wherein the effective shear strength is reduced to negligible value for all engineering purpose due to pore pressure caused by vibrations during an ‘earthquake when they approach the total confining pressure. In this condition the soil tends to behave Tike a fiuid mass. 3.17 Lithological Features ‘The nature of the geological formation of the earths crust above bed rock on the basis of such characteristics ‘as colour, structure, mineralogical composition and grain size. 3.18 Magnitude of Earthquake (Richter's Magnitude) ‘The magnitude of earthquake is a number, which isa measure of energy released in an earthquake. It is defined as logarithm to the base 10 of the maximum. trace amplitude, expressed in microns, which the standard short-period torsion seismometer ( with a period of 08s, magnification 2 800 and damping nearly Critical ) would register due to the earthquake at an ‘epicentral distance of 100 km.3.49 Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) ‘The most severe earthquake effects considered by this standard. 3.20 Modal Mass (24,) Modal mass of a structure subjected to horizontal or vertical, as the case may be, ground motion is a part ofthe total seismic mass ofthe structure that is effective in mode kof vibration. The modal mass for a given ‘mode has a unique value irrespective of scaling of the mode shape. 3.21 Modal Participation Factor (P,) ‘Modal participation factor of mode of vibration is the amount by which mode k contributes tothe overall vibration of the structure under horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motions, Since the amplitudes of 95 percent mode shapes can be scaled arbitrarily, the value of this factor depends on the scaling used for mode shapes. 3.22 Modes of Vibration ( see Normal Mode) 3.23 Mode Shape Coefficient (¢,.) ‘When a system is vibrating in normal mode k, at any particular instant of time, the amplitude of mass 7 expressed as a ratio of the amplitude of one of the masses of the system, is known as mode shape coefficient ( ,). 3.24 Natural Period (T) Natural period of a structure is its time period of undamped free vibration. 3.24.1 Fundamental Natural Period (T,) Itis the first (longest) modal time period of vibration. 3.24.2 Modal Natural Period (T,) ‘The modal natural period of mode kis the time period ‘of vibration in mode k. 3,28 Normal Mode ‘Acgystem is said tobe vibratingin a normal mode when all its masses attain maximum values of displacements, and rotations simultaneously, and pass through equilibrium positions simultaneously. 3,26 Response Reduction Factor (R) ‘tis the factor by which the actual base shear force, ‘that would be generated ifthe structure were to remain clastic during its response to the Design Basis ‘Earthquake (DBE ) shaking, shall be reduced to obtain the design lateral force. 3.27 Response Spectrum, ‘The representation of the maximum response of 1S 1893 (Part 1): 2002 idealized single degree freedom systems having certain period and damping, during earthquake ground ‘motion. The maximum response is plotted against the ‘undamped natural period and for various damping values, and can be expressed in terms of maximum absolute acceleration, maximum relative velocity, oF ‘maxinmum relative displacement. 3.28 Seismic Mass Itis the seismic weight divided by acceleration due to gravity 3.29 Seismic Weight (7) Itis the total dead load plus appropriate amounts of specified imposed load. 3.30 Structural Response Factors (5,/g) It is a factor denoting the acceleration response spectrum of the structure subjected to earthquake ‘ground vibrations, and depends on natural. period of vibration and damping of the structure, 3.31 Tectonic Features ‘The nature of geological formation of the bed rock in the earth’s crust revealing regions characterized by structural features, such as dislocation, distortion, faults, folding, thrusts, volcanoes with their age of formation, which are directly involved in the earth movement or quake resulting in the above consequences. 43.32 Time History Analysis Itis an analysis of the dynamic response ofthe structure at each increment of time, when its base is subjected to specific ground motion time history. 3.33. Zone Factor (Z) Itisa factor to obtain the design spectrum depending, ‘on the perccived maximum seismic risk characterized ‘by Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE ) in the ‘zone in which the structure is located. The basic zone factors included inthis standard are reasonable estimate of effective peak ground acceleration, 3.34 Zero Period Acceleration (ZPA) Itis the value of acceleration response spectrum for period below 0.03's (frequencies above 33 Hz). 4 TERMINOLOGY FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING OF BUILDINGS 4. For the purpose of earthquake resistant design ‘of buildings inthis standard, the following definitions shall apply. 4.2 Base Itis the level at which inertia forces generated in the structure are transferred to the foundation, which then, transfers these forces to the ground.3S 1893 (Part 1): 2002, 4.3 Base Dimensions (d) Base dimension of the building along a direction is. the dimension at its base, in metre, along that direction, 4.4 Centre of Mass ‘The point through which the resultant of the masses ofa system acts. Tis point corresponds to the centre of gravity of masses of system. 4.5 Centre of Stiffness ‘The point through which the resultant of the restoring forces of a system acts. 4.6 Design Eccentricity (¢4,) It is the value of eccentricity to be used at floor fin torsion calculations for design. 4.7 Design Seismic Base Shear (Vp) Its the total design lateral force at the base of a structure. 4.8 Diaphragm Itisa horizontal, or nearly horizontal system, which ‘eansmits lateral forcesto the vertical resisting elements, forexample, reinforced concrete floors and horizontal bracing systems. 4.9 Dual System Buildings with dual system consist of shear walls (or braced frames ) and moment resisting frames such that: a) The two systems are designed to resist the total design lateral force in proportion to their lateral stiffness considering the interaction of the dual system at all floor levels; and b) The moment resisting frames are designed to independently resist at least 25 percent of the design base shear. 4.10 Height of Floor (4,) Itis the difference in levels between the base of the ‘building and that of floor i. 4.11 Height of Structure (h) Itis the difference in levels, in. metres, between its base and its highest level. 4.12 Horizontal Bracing System Itis a horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragm. 4.13 Joint It is the portion of the column that is common to other members, for example, beams, framing into it. 10 4.14 Lateral Force Resisting Element Itis part of the structural system assigned to resist Iateral forces. 4.15 Moment-Resisting Frame Itisaframe in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by flexure. 4.18.1 Ordinary Moment-Resisting Frame Itis a moment-resisting frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile behaviour. 4.18.2 Special Moment-Resisting Frame It is a moment-resisting frame specially detailed to provide ductile behaviour and comply with the requirements given in IS 4326 or IS 13920 or SP6(6). 4.16 Number of Storeys (1) ‘Number of storeys ofa building is the number of levels, above the base. This excludes the basement storeys, ‘here basement walls are connected with the ground. floor deck or fitted beoween the building columns. But, itincludes the basement storeys, when they are not so connected. 4.17 Principal Axes Principal axes of a building are generally two mutually perpendicular horizontal directions in plan ofa building along which the geometry of the building is oriented. 4.18 P-A Effect Iis the secondary effeot on shears and moments of frame members due to action of the vertical loads, interacting with the lateral displacement of building resulting from seismic forces. 4.19 Shear Wall tis wall designed to resist lateral forces acting in its own plane, 4.20 Soft Storey Itis one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of that in the storey above o less than 80 percent ofthe average lateral stiffness ofthe three storeys above. 4.21 Static Recentricity (¢,) Itis the distance between centre of mass and centre of rigidity of floor 4.22 Storey Its the space between two adjacent floors. 4.23 Storey Drift Itis the displacement of one level relative to the other level above or below.4.24 Storey Shear (V;) tis the sum of design lateral forces at all levels above, the storey under consideration. 4.25 Weak Storey Itis one in which the storey lateral strength is less than 80 percentof that inthe storey above. The storey lateral strength isthe otal strength ofall seismic force resisting elements sharing the storey shear in the considered direction. Ss SYMBOLS “The symbols and notations given below apply to the provisions of this standard: A, Design horizontal seismic coefficient ‘A, Design horizontal acceleration spectram value for mode kof vibration b, i Floor plan dimension of the building perpendicular to the direction of force ¢ Index for the closely-spaced modes dBase dimension of the building, in metres, inthe direction in which the seismic force is considered. Di Response quantity due to dead load eq, Design eccentricity to be used at floor 1 calculated as per 7.8.2 4, Static eccentricity at floor i defined as the distance between centre of mass and centre of rigidity EL, Response quantity due to earthquake load {for horizontal shaking along x-direction Response quantity due to earthquake load for horizontal shaking along y-direction BL, Response quantity due to earthquake load for vertical shaking along z-direction Fogg Design Lateral forces at the roof duc to all modes considered Design lateral forces atthe floor due to all modes considered g Acceleration due to gravity Height of structure, in metres ‘h, Height measured from the base of the ‘building to floor I Importance factor JL Response quantity due to imposed load M, Modal mass of mode n ie x 18 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 Number of storeys SPT value for soit ‘Modal participation factor of mode & Lateral force at floor ! Design lateral force at floor fin mode k ‘Number of modes to be considered as per 7842 Response reduction factor ‘Average response acceleration coefficient for rock or soil sites as given by Fig. 2 ‘and Table 3 based on appropriate natural periods and damping of the structure ‘Undamped naturat period of vibration of the structure (in second ) Approximate fundamental period ( in seconds ) Undamped natural period of mode k of vibration (in second ) Fundamental natural period of vibration. (in second ) Design seismic base shear Design base shear calculated using the approximate fundamental period 7, Peak storey shear force in storey ! due to all modes considered Shear force in storey 1 in mode k Peak storey shear force at the roof due to all modes considered Seismic weight of the structure Seismic weight of floor 7 Zone factor Mode shape coefficient at floor sin mode Peakresponse (for example member forces, displacements, storey forces, storey shears or base reactions ) due to all modes considered ‘Absolute value of maximum response in ‘mode k Absolute value of maximum response in mode ¢, where mode cis a closely-spaced mode, Peak response due to the closely-spaced modes only1S 1893 (Part 1): 2002 py, Coefficient used in the Complete Quadratic Combination ( CQC ) method while combining responses of modes i and j ©, — Circular frequency in rad/second in the mode 6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN (CRITERIA 6.1 General Principles 6.1.1 Ground Motion ‘The characteristics intensity, duration, etc) ofseismic ground vibrations expected at any location depends ‘upon the magnitude of earthquake, ts depth of focus, distance from the epicentre, characteristics ofthe path through which the seismic waves travel, and the soil strata on which the structure stands. The random ‘earthquake ground motions, which cause the structure to vibrate, can be rosolved in any three mutually perpendicular directions. The predominant direction of ground vibration is usually horizontal. Barthquaké-generated vertical inetia forces are to be ‘considered in design unless checked and proven by specimen calculations to be not significant. Vertical acceleration should be considered in structures with large spans, those in which stability is a criterion for design, or for overall stability analysis of structures. ‘Reduction in gravity force due to vertical component of ground motions can be particularly detrimental in cases of prestressed horizontal members and of cantilevered members. Hence, special attention should ‘epi to the effec of vertical component ofthe ground ‘motion on prestressed or cantilevered beams, girders and slabs. 6.1.2 The response of a structure'o ground vibrations isa function of the nature of foundation soil; materials, form, size and mode of construction of structures; and the duration and characteristics of ground motion. ‘This standard specifies design forces for structures standing on rocks of soils which do not settle, liquefy or slide due to loss of strength during ground vibrations. 6.1.3 The design approach adopted in this standard {s to ensure that structures possess at east a minimum strength to withstand minor earthquakes ( 15 CW, SB, SW, and SC)? having N® above 30, whee [Nis the standaed penetration value a @ @ Oy ) i) Piles passing through any 30 50 50 sil but rosting on sell type 1 fi) lee not covered under - 25 25 itor i Raft foundations 50 50 50 iv) Combined igolated RCC so 25 2s footing with ti beams ¥) Isolated ROC footing without so 23 at tie beams, of unreinforced strip foundations vi) Wall foundations so 2s 2s NOTES 1 The ellowable bearing pressure shall be determined in accordance with IS 6403 or IS 1888. ‘2 Tany increase in beating. pressure has aleesdy beon permitted for forces other than seismic forces, the total increase in allowable beating pressure when seinmie fore is also included shall not exceed the limits specified sbov 13 Desirable minimum fild values of N — If eile of smaller N-values are met, compacting may be adopted to achieve ‘these values or deep pile foundations going to stronger strata should be used 4 The values of (corrected values) are atthe founding level and the allowable bearing pressure shall be dotermined in sccordance with IS 6403 or 18 1888, Seismic Zone | Depth Below Ground | NeValuze Remark level (in metres) IV end V = 15 For valuesof depths between S mand = 25 | 10m, lincar interpolation is 1 (for important 33 15 | recommended stratores only ) zi0 20 '5 The piles shovld be designed for lateral loads neslecting lateral resistance of soil layers Liable to Hiquety 6 15 1498 and 18 2131 may also be referred. ‘7 Isolated R.C.C, footing without tie beams, or unseinforoed stip foundation shall not be permitted in soft soils with N10. » See 8 1498, P Sees 2131 —_ 15181893 (Part 1) : 2002 for rock or soil sites as given by Fig. 2 and ‘Table 3 hased on appropriate natural periods and damping ofthe structure, These curves represent free field ground motion. NOTE — For various types of structures, the values ofImportance Factor, Response Rediction Factor R, end damping valves are given in the respective paris of this stendard. The method (empirical or otherwise ) to calculate the natural petiods ofthe structure be edopted for evausting Sais also given in the roopective pasts of this standard, ‘Table? Zone Factor, Z (Clause 6.4.2) Seismic = wm v v Zone Low Moderate Severe Very Severe Zz 0100.16 0240.36 ce 6.4.3 Where a number of modes are to be considered for dynamic analysis, the value of A, as defined in 6.4.2 for each mode shall be determined using the natural period of vibration of that mode. 6.4.4 For underground structures and foundations at depths of 30 m or below, the design horizontal acceleration spectrum value shall be taken as half the value obtained from 6.4.2. For structures and 3.0 B as é 3 2.0 3 8 i 18 3 10 i 3 06 & ou So os 1.0 15 foundations placed between the ground level and 30 m depth, the design horizontal acceleration spectram ‘value shai be linearly interpolated between 4, and 0.5 A, where A, is as specified in 6.4.2. 64.5 The design acceleration spectrum for vertical ‘motions, when required, may be taken as two-thirds ‘of the design horizontal acceleration spectrum specified in6.4.2, Figure 2 shows the proposed 5 percent spectra for rocky and soils sites and Table3 gives the multiplying ‘factors for obtaining spectral values for various other dampings. For rocky, or hard soil sites 14157, 0.0S7S0.10 2.30 0.10s7<0.40 100 0.405 T<4.00 For medium soil sites 14157, 0.00<7S0.10 2.50 0.10STS0.55 1367 0.555 T<4.00 For soft soil sites 5 [tt}8% 90057010 x7) 2s0 0.1057<0.67 161T 0.67 T<4.00 Type | (Rock, or Hard Soil Type ll (Medium Soil) Type Il (Soft Soil) 20 Period(s) 265 30 35 40 0,2 Response SpecrnA Fox Rock ano Son. Sires FoR 5 PERCENT DAMPING 16IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 46.4.6 In case design spectrum is specifically prepared and 6.3.1.2 wherethe gravity loads are combined with fora structure at a particular project site, the same the earthquake loads { that is, in load combinations may be used for design atthe discretion ofthe project 3) in6.3.1.1, and @2)in6.3..2], No further reduction authorities {in the imposed load will be used as envisaged in 1875 ( Part2 ) for number of storeys above the one 7 BUILDINGS ‘under consideration or for large spans of beams or foors. 7.3.4 ‘The proportions of imposed load indicated above ‘Toperform well in an earthquake, a building should or calculating the lateral design forces for earthquakes possess four main attributes, namely simpleandregular aye applicable to average conditions. Where the configuration, and adequate lateral strength, stfiness proable loads at the time of earthquake are more and ductility. Buildings having simple regular geometty accurately assessed, the designer may alter the and uniformly distributed mass and stiffness inplan proportions indicated or even replace the entire aswell as in elevation, suffer much Toss damagethan imposed load proportions by the actual assessed load. buildings with irregular configurations. A building Jy such cases, where the imposed. load is not assessed shall be considered as irregular for the purposes Of 5 per 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 only that part of imposed load, this standard, if at least one of the conditions given which possesses mass, shall be considered. Lateral in Tables 4 and 5 is applicable. design force for earthquakes shall not be calculated 7.2 Importance Factor Fand Response Reduction O™Com*Pavon of impact effects from imposed loads. FactorR 7.3.5 Other loads apart from those given above (for example snow and permanent equipment ) shall be ‘Theminimum value ofimportance factor, J, fordifferent considered as appropriate. building systems shall be as given in Table 6, ‘The ; response reduction factor, R, for different building 7-4 Seismic Weight ‘systems shall be as given in Table 7. TAA Seismic Weight of Floors 7.1 Regular and Irregular Configuration 7.3 Design Imposed Loadsfor Earthquakes Force — The seismic weight of each floor is its full dead load Calculation, plus appropriate amount of imposed load, as specified ee fe din i873Land 7.3.2. While computing the seismic weight Fears eet eeessalloeeimaas fe Moo, th weight ofcolumns and walls any for the fll dead load plusthe percentage imposed Storey shall be equally ee Joad as given in Table 8. See eee 1:32 Foccalontating the design seiamictorcesofthe 742 Sélamte Weight of Building structure, the imposed load on roof need not be The seismic weight of the whole building is the sum considered. of the seismic weights of all the floors. 7.33 The percentageof imposed loads given in7.3.1 7.4.3 Any weight supported in between storeys shall ‘and 7.3.2 shall also be used for ‘Whole frame loaded’ _be distributed to the floors: above and below in inverse ‘condition in the load combinations specified in 6.3.1.1 proportion to its distance ‘from the floors. ‘Table3 Multiplying Factors for Obtaining Values for Other Damping (Clause 6.4.2) Fe mg, 0 2 5 1 10 1s 20 25 30 percent Factors -3.20Ss«LOs«d0D0.90 KD 0.70 0600.85.50 —_—_— sss 7‘1 No. 1S 1893 (Part 1): 2002 ‘Table 4 Definitions of Irregular Buildings — Plan Irregularities (Fig.3) (Clause 7-1) Trregularity Type and Description a @ i) Torsion Irregularity ‘To be considered when floor diaphragms are rigid fn thei own plan in relation to the verial structural ‘clements that resist the lateral forees. Torsional frregularty to be considered to exist when the magimam storey drif, computed with design Covoniteity, atone end ofthe structres transverse fo an axis is more thaa 1.2 times the average of the storey drifts at the two ends of the structure Recenirant Corners Plan configurations of «structure and its lateral force resisting system contain reentrant corners, ‘where both projections ofthe structure beyond the Te-enteant comer are greater than 15 percent of its plan dimension in the given direction Diaphragm Discontinalty Diaphragms with abrupt discontinuities or variations in afifess, including those having eut-out or open areas greater than 50 percent of the gross enclosed ‘diaphragm rca, or changes ineffective disphragm stiffaess of more than 50 percent from one storey ii) to the next iv) Outof-Plane Offsets ‘Discontinuities in a lateral foree resistance path, such us out-ofplene offsets of vertical elements v) Non-paralle Systems ‘The vertical elements resisting the lateral force ace not parallel to or symmetric about the major orthogonal axes or the lteral force resisting elements eee ‘Table S Definition of Irregular Buildings — Vertical Irregularities ( Fig. 4) (Clause 7.1) SINo. Trregularity Type and Deseription wo @ i) @) Stighess trregularity— Soft Storey ‘A soft storey is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of that in the storey above forless than 80 pereat ofthe average lateral stifiness of the three storeys above 'b) StifvessIrregularity — Extreme Soft Storey ‘Acextreme soft storey is one in which the lateral ‘iftnes isles than 60 percent ofthat nthe storey ‘hove of ese than 70 percent ofthe average stifness ‘ofthe thee storeys above. For example, buildings fon STILTS wil fall under this category. 18 ‘Table 5 — Concluded SL No. Irregularity Type and Deseription o @ iit) Mass regularity wy » SL No. w fi) AMjother buildings ‘Mass ieroguarity shall be considered to exist where the seismic weight of any storey is more than 200 percent ofthatof its adjacent storeys, The eogulaity feed not be considered in ease of roofs Vertical Geometric Irregularity ‘Vertical geometsi irepularity shall be considered ocxist where the horizontal dimension ofthe latral force resisting system in any storey is more than 150 percent of that in its adjacent storey In-Plane Discontnuly in Vertical Elements Resisting Lateral Force A incplane offset of the leteral force resisting ‘ements greater than the length of those elements Discontinuity Capacity — Weak Strorey ‘A.weak storey is one in which the storey lateral ‘tcongthis less than 80 percent ofthat inthe storey fbove, The storey lateral strength is the total fteength of all seismic force resisting elements ‘Sharing the storey shear in the considered direction. ‘Table 6 Importance Factors, I (Clause 6.4.2) Stracture Importance Factor @ @) Important service and community ‘buildings, such 2s hospitals; schools; monumental structures; emergency buildings like telephone exchange, television stations, radio stations, tailvay stations, fre station buildings, large community halls like cinemas, assembly halls and subway stations, power stations 4s 10 NOTES 1 The design engineer may choose values of importance factor 1 gretter than those mentioned above. 2 Buildings not covered in SIN. () and (ji) above may fe designed for higher value of, depending on economy, stategy considertions like multis'orey buildings heving several residential units. 13. This does not apply to temporary structures like exvavations, svaffoding ete of short duration,15 1993 (Part 1) : 2002 ' ' \ \ NI VERTICAL COMPONENTS OF SEISMIC RESISTING SYSTEM os eet ee AL > 045~0:20 3B Re-entrant Comer F103 PLaw Ianeouvarirs — ContinuedIS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 MASS RESISTANCE ECCENTRICITY IGI0 FLEXIBLE OIAPHRAG! SIAPHRAGM b VERTICAL COMPONENTS OF ‘SEISMIC RESISTING SYSTEM OPENING FLOOR 3 Diaphragm Discontinuity SHEAR WALL A BUILDING SECTION our oF PLane: s DISCONTINUITY ee 2D Outof-Plane Offsets BUILDING PLAN 3ENon-Parallel Systern Fic.3 PLAN IRREGULARITIES 201S 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 STOREY STIFFNESS: FOR THE BUILDING 4A Stitiness irregularity HEAVY kn kn-a SOFT STOREY WHEN Knea < 0-7 Kin, a fe iss thin +hies be OR Kj<0°8 ( $ ) ke ky SEISMIC WEIGHT Fees: w, MASS: We tr MASS. RATIO re wut 4B Mass regularity Fig, 4 Verricat Ineecutanmes — Continued an SS IRREGULARITY EN, Wy> 20 Wins OR Wy> 20 Wiss3S 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 Ls, | Aju>o-25 laf 2088 lal 040] ; Fal a a 46 Vertical Geometric regularity when L> 1.6 Ly eh fala) LIL} STOREY STRENGTH (LATERAL) F UPPER ” ieee os Fa {Bese es tec Ly yk Fre — Fs Lower rt | #2868 a i aberredor ‘4D In-Plane Diseontinulty in Vertical Elemants Resisting 4 & Weak Storey when F,<0.8 F,+1 Lateral Foree when B> a Fo, 4 Vairicat Inesou. armies 2218 1893 (Part 1): 2002 ‘Table 7 Response Reduction Factor, R, for Building Systems (Clause 6.4.2) 3 ‘SIN Lateral Load Resisting System R a ° ro) Building Frame Systems j) Ordinary RC moment-essting fame ( OMRF > 30 ii) Special RC momentresisting fame ( SMRF )? 50 ii) Stet fame wih 1) Concentec braces 40 8) Became braces 50 iv) Stel moment resisting fame designed as per SP 6 (8) 50 ‘Building with Shear Wate +) Lond bering masonry wall builings? a) Unreinforced ties 1) Reinforced with horizontal RC bands as ) Reinforced with horiontl RC bands and vertical bars at cornrs of rooms and 30 jambs of openinas vi) Ordinary rinforeod consete shots walls? 30 vii) uote shear walls? 40 Buildings with Dual Systeme® vii) Ordinary shar wall with OMRF 30 ix) Ordinary shear wall with SMRE 40 X)_ Doct shear wall with OMRE 4s i) Duce shee wall with SMRF 30 The values of response reduction factors are to be used for buildings with leteral lond resisting elements, and not just forthe lateral load resisting elements builtin isolation. OMRF are those designed and detailed as per IS 456 or IS 800 but not meeting ductile detailing requirement as perIS 13920 or SP 6 (6) respectively >) SMRF defined i 5.2. ‘© Buildings with shear walls also include buildings having shear walls and frames, but where: 8) frames are not designed to carry lateral loads, of frames are designed to carry Isteral loads but do not flfil the requirements of "dual syétems'. 5 Reinforcement should be 65 per 19 4326. © Prohibited in zones TV and V. 7 Ductile shear walls are those désigned and detailed as per IS 13920, © Buildings with duel systems consist of shear walls ( or braced frames ) and moment resisting frames such that: 1) the two systems are designed to resist the total design force in proportion to their lateral stiffness considering the interaction of the dual system at all floor levels, and : 8) the moment resisting frames are designed to independently resist at feast 25 perccat ofthe design seismic base sheer 231S 1993 (Part 1) : 2002 ‘Table 8 Percentage of Imposed Load to be Considered in Seismic Weight Catculation (Clause 73.1) auiansapsnstassmenscsnenis tai Imposed Uniformity Distributed Floor Loads (N/m? ) a ‘Upto and including 3.0 Above 3.0 Percentage of Imposed Load @ 2s 30 ee EEE Use etreetet aaeee 78 Design Lateral Force 7.5c1 Buildings and portionsthereof shall be designed ‘and constructed, to resist the effects of design lateral force specified in 7.5.3 es a minimum. 7.5.2 The design lateral force shall frst be computed for the building as a whole. This design lateral force ‘hall then be distributed to the various floor levels. ‘The overall design seismic force thus obtained at each. ‘oor level, shall then be distributed to individual lateral oad resisting elements depending on the floor diaphragm action. 7.8.3 Design Seismic Base Shear ‘The total design lateral force or design seismic base shear(¥,) along any principal direction shall be determined by the following expression: Vy = AW where Ay, = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum ‘value as per 6.4.2, using the fundamental satura period 7,25 per 7.6 in the considered direction of vibration; and W = Seismic weight of the building as per 74.2. 7.6 Fundamental Natural Period 7.6.1 The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (7, in seconds, of amoment-resisting frame building without brick infil panels may be estimated by the empirical expression: 7, = 0075/0 for RC framebuilding = 0085/07 for steel frame building where h = Height of building, in m, This excludes the basement storeys, wherebasement walls are connected with the ground floor deck or fitted between the building columns. But, it includes the basement storeys, when they are not so connected. 7.6.2 ‘The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (7,),in seconds, of all other buildings, including moment-resisting frame buildings with brick infil panels, may be estimated by the empirical ‘expression: 0.09 Va where fh = Height ofbuilding, inm, as defined in 7.6.1; and d_ = Basedimension ofthebuilding at the plinth level, in m, along the considered direction of the lateral force. 7.1 Distribution of Design Force 17.7.1 Vertical Distribution of Base Shear to Different Floor Levels ‘The design base shear (¥) computed in 7.5.3 shall bbe distributed along the height ofthe building as per the following expression: LAue Swine Design lateral force at floor i, Seismic weight of floor i, Height of floor / measured from base, and ‘Number of storeys in the building is the number of levels at which the masses are located. 11.1.2 Distribution of Horizontal Design Lateral Force to Different Lateral Force Resisting Elements 7.1.2.4 Tn case offbuildings whose floors are capable of providing rigid horizontal diaphragm action, the total shear in any horizontal plane shall be distributed tothe various vertical elements of lateral force resisting, system, assuming the floors to be infinitely rigid in the horizontal plane. cet 1,7.2.2 Incase of building whose floor ‘diaphragms ‘can not be treated as infinitely rigid in their own plane, the lateral shear at each floor shall be distributed to the vertical elements resisting the lateral forces, ‘considering the in-plane flexibility of the diaphragms. NOTES LA floor diaphragm shall be considered tobe fest, {fitdeforms sueh thatthe masizum lateral displacement inearured fom the chord of the deformed shape at Thy point of the dapbragm is more than 1.5 times the Srerag displacement ofthe entire diaphragm. 24topping reinforced sored ean be taken rigid diaphragma 7.8 Dynamic Analysis 7.8.1 Dynamic analysis shall be performed to obtain the design seismic force, and its distribution to different Tevels along the height ofthe building and tothe various lateral load resisting elements, for the following buildings a) Regular buildings — Those greater than 40 min height in Zones TV and V, and those greater than 90 m in height in Zones II and IIL, Modelling as per 7.8.4.5 can be used b) Irregular buildings (as defined in 7.1) + Allframed buildings higher than 12.m in Zones Vand V, and those greater than 40 m in height in Zones II and II, ‘The analytical model for dynamic analysis of buildings ‘with unusual configuration should be such that it adequately models the types of irregularities present in the building configuration. Buildings with plan iegulatities, as defined in Table 4 (as per 7.1) , cannot ‘be modelled for dynamic analysis by the method given in 7845, NOTE — For iregular buildings, lesser than 40 m in height in Zones iL end I, dynamic analysis, even though rot mandatory, is recommended 7.8.2 Dynamic analysis may be performed either by the Time History Method or by the Response Spectrum Method. However, in either method, the design base shear ( Y,) shall be compared with a base shear (,) calculated using a fundamental period 7, whore Tis as per 7.6, Where Vis less than P,, all the response quantities (for example member forces, displacements, storey forces, storey shears and base reactions) shall be multiplied by 7 /V. 7.8.2.1 The value of damping for buildings may be taken as 2 and 5 percent ofthe critical, for the purposes ‘of dynamic analysis of steel and reinforced concrete buildings, respectively. 18.3 Time History Method ‘Time history method of analysis, when used, shall be based on an appropriate ground motion and shall ‘be performed using accepted principles of dynamics. 7.8.4 Response Spectrum Method Response spectrum method of analysis shall be ‘performed using the design spectrum specified in 6.4.2, ‘or by a site-specific design. spectrum mentioned in646, LA. Free Vibration Analysis: Undamped free vibration analysis of the entire 15 1893 (Part 1): 2002 ‘building shall be performed as per established methods cof mechanics using the appropriate masses and elastic stiffness of the structural system, to obtain natural periods (77) and mode shapes (¢} of those ofits modes of vibration that noed to be considered as per 7.8.4.2. 7.8.4.2 Modes t0 be considered ‘The number of modes tobe used in the analysis should ‘be such that the sum total of modal masses ofall modes considered is at least 90 percent of the total seismic ‘ass and missing mass correction beyond 33 percent. If modes with natural frequency beyond 33 Hz are to be considered, modal combination shallbe carried out only for modes upto33 Hz. The effec of higher modes shall be included by considering missing mass correction following well established procedures, 7.8.4.3 Analysis of building subjected to design forces ‘The building may be analyzed by accepted principles ‘of mechanics for the design forces considered as static forces. 1.8.4.4 Modal combination ‘The peak response quantities (for example, member forces, displacements, storey forces, storey shears and base reactions ) shall be combined as per Complete ‘Quadratic Combination (CQC) method. VERA ae where = Number of modes being considered, = Cross-modal cocfficient, 1, = Response quantity in mode i ( including sign), 4, = Response quantity in mode j ( including sign), py = —_Sou+b) 6 Y(t +4 BC+ BP S = Modal damping ratio (in fraction) as. ‘specified in 7.8.2.1, B = Frequency ratio= ay/o, ©, = Circular frequency in ith mode, and ©, = Circolar frequency injth mode. ‘Alternatively the peak response quantities may be ‘combined as follows : 2s1S 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 a) the building does not have closely-spaced ‘modes, then the peak response quantity (2) due to all modes considered shall be obtained as OY? ‘Absolute value of quantity in mode k, and ‘Number of modes being considered. Ifthe building has afew closely spaced modes (see 3.2), then the peak response quantity (A?) due to these modes shall be obtained as a where the sumumation is for the closely-spaced modes only. This peak response quantity due to the closely spaced modes ( A) is then combined with those of the remaining well-separated modes by the method described in 7.8.4.4 (2. 7.8.4.5 Buildings with regular, or nominally irregular, plan configurations may be modelled as a system of ‘masses lumped atthe floor levels with each mass having, cone degree of freedom, that of lateral displacement in the direction under consideration. In sucha case, the following expressions shall hold in-the computation ofthe various quantities : 3) Modal Mass— The modal mass (A4,) of mode ‘cis given by ed, Miu where g = Acceleration due to gravity, 4. Mode shape coefficient at floor i in mode, and WW, = Seismic weight of floor / b) Modal Participation Factors — The ‘modal participation factor (P,) of mode kis given by: Ym : > me 26 ©) Design Lateral Force at Each Floor in Each ‘Mode —"The peak lateral force (0,)at floor fin mode kis given by Ou= Ay Pie PM where A, = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value as per 6.4.2 using the natural period of vibration (7,) of mode. Storey Shear Forces in Fach Mode — The peak shear force ( / ) acting in storey i in mode F is given by 4) @) Storey Shear Forces due to All Modes Considered — The peak storey shear force (Vin storey i ue t0 all modes considered isobtained by combining those due to each mode in accordance with 7.8.4.4 Lateral Forces at Each Storey Due to All Modes Considered — The design lateral forces, Fay and F,, at roof and at floor‘ Fogg Voges FNM 79 Torsion 7.9.1. Provision shalt be made in all buildings for increase in shear forces on the lateral force resisting elements resulting fom the horizontal torsional moment arising due to eccentricity between the centre of mass and centre of rigidity. The design forces calculated as in 7.8.4.5 ate to be applied atthe centre of mass appropriately displaced so as to cause design eccentricity (7.9.2 ) between the displaced centre of ‘massand contr of rigidity. However, negative torsional shear shall be neglected 7.9.2 The design eccentricity, ¢,,10 be used at floor {shall be taken as: 1.5¢,+0.058, or ¢,-0.055, whichever of these gives the more severe effect in the shear of any frame where ;* Static eccentricity at floor / defined as the distance between centre of mass and centre ofrigidity, and 4, = Floor plan ‘dimension of floor f, perpendicular to the direction of force NOTE — The factor 1.5 represents dynamic amplification fuctor, while the factor 0,05 represents the oxtent of accidental eccentricity.7.9.3 In case of highly irregular buildings analyzed according to 7.8.4.5, additive shears will be superimposed for a statically applied eccentricity of £0,056, with respect to the centre of rigidity. 7.10. Buildings with Soft Storey 7.10.1 Incase buildings with a flexible storey, such, as the ground storey consisting of open spaces for parking that is Stiltbuildings, special arrangement needs tobe made to increase the lateral strength and stiffness of the soft/open storey. 7.10.2. Dynamic analysis of building is carried out cluding the strength and stiffness effects of infills aiid inelastic deformations in the members, particulary, those in the soft storey, and the members designed accordingly 7.40.3 Alternatively, the following design criteria arc to be adopted after carrying out the earthquake analysis, neglecting the effect of infill walls in other storeys a) the columns and beams of the soft storey are tobe designed for?.5 times the storey shears and moments calculated under seismic londs specified in the other relevant clauses: or, 'b)_ besides the columns designed and detailed for the calculated storey shears and moments, shear walls placed symmetrically in both directions of the building as far away from the centre of the building as feasible; to be designed exclusively for 1.5 times the lateral storey shear force calculated as before 7.1 Deformations 7.11.1 Storey Drife Limitation ‘The storey drift in any storey due to the minimum spocified design lateral force, with partial load factor of 1.0, shall not exceed 0,004 times the storey height, For the purposes of displacement requirements only (see 7.11.1, 71.2and 7.11.3 only), itis permissible to use seismic force obtained from the computed fandamental period (7) of the building without the lower bound limiton design seismic force specified in 78.2. “There shall bo no drift limit for single storey building ‘which has been designed to accommodate storey drift 7.11.2 Deformation Compatibility of Non-Seismic Members For building located in seismic Zones TV and V, it shall ‘be ensured that the structural components, that are ‘not a part of the seismic force resisting system in the 27 1s 1993 ( Part 1): 2002 direction under consideration, do notTose their vertical Toad-carrying capacity under the induced moments resulting from storey deformations equal to R times the storey displacements calculated as per 7.11.1, ‘where R is specified in Table 7 NOTE — For instance, consider Matlab building in ‘which lateral load resistance is provided by shesr walls ‘Since the lateral loud resistance of the slab-column system is small, these are often designed only forthe gravity Toads, while all the seismic force is resisted by the shear ‘walls’ Eventhough the slabs and ealuransare not required to share the luterl forces, these deform with rest of the structure under seiemie force. The concern is thit under such defermstions, tho slab-column system should fot lore its vertical foad capacity, 7.11.3 Separation Between Adjacent Units ‘wo adjacent buildings, or two adjacent units of the same building with separation jointin between shall bbe separated by a distance equal to the amount times the sum ofthe calculated storey displacements as per 7.11.4 of each of them, to avoid damaging contact ‘when the two units deflect towards each other, When {loot Levels of two similar adjacent units or buildings are at the same elevation levels, factor R in this requirement may be replaced by RI/2. 7.12 Miscellaneous 7.12.1, Foundations The use of foundations vulnerable to significant differential settlement due to ground shaking shall bbe avoided for structures in seismic Zones 111, [V and \, Ineismic Zones IV and V, individual spread footings or pile caps shall be interconnected with ties, (see 83.4.1 of I$ 4326 ) except when individual spread footings are directly supported on rock. Aul ties shall be capable of carrying, in tension and in compression, an axial force equal to A, /4 times the larger of the column or pile cap load, in addition to the otherwise computed forces. Here, A, is as per 6.4.2. 7142.2 Cantilever Projections 7.12.21. Vertical projections ‘Tower, tanks, parapets, smoke stacks ( chimneys ) and other vertical cantilever projections attached to buildings and projecting above the roof, shall be designed and checked for stability for five times the design horizontal seismic coefficient 4, specified in 6.4.2. In the analysis of the building, the weight of these projecting elements will be lumped with the roof weight, 7.12.2.2 Horizontal projection ‘All horizontal projections like cornices and balconies shall be designed and checked for stability for five times the design vertical coefficient specified3 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 in 6.4.5 (thatis = 103.4,). 7.12.2.3 The increased design forces specified in 7.12.2.1 and 7.12.2.2 are only for designing the ‘projecting parts and their connections with the main Structures, For the design of the main structure, such increase need not be considered. 7.12.3 Compound Walls Compound walls shall be designed for the design horizontal coefficient A, with importance factor 0 specified in6.4.2. 1.12.4 Connections Between Parts ‘All parts of the building, exceptbetween the separation sections, shall be tied together to act as integrated ‘ingle unit, All connections between different parts, such as beams to columns and columns to their footings, should be made capable of transmitting ‘a force, in all possible directions, of magnitude (Q/W, )times but not less than 0.05 times the weight cof the smaller part or the total of dead and imposed load reaction, Frictional resistance shall not be relied ‘upon for fulfilling these requirements, 281S 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 ANNEX D (Foreword and Clause 3.15) ‘COMPREHENSIVE INTENSITY SCALE (MSK 64) The scale was discussed generally at the inter- ‘governmental meeting convened by UNESCO in April 1964. Though not finally approved the scale is more comprehensive and describes the intensity of ‘earthquake more precisely. The main definitions used are followings: a » 9 Grade 1 Grade2 Grade3 Graded Grades Type of Structures ( Buildings ) Typed — Building in field-stone, rural structures, unburnt-brick houses, clay houses, ‘TypeB— Ordinary brick buildings, buildings of large block and prefabricated type, half timbered structures, buildings in natural hewn stone. ‘TypeC— Reinforced buildings, well built wooden structures. Definition of Quantity: Single, few About 5 percent Many Most About 50 percent About 75 percent Classification of Damage to Buildings Slightdamage Fine cracks in plaster; fall of small pieces of plaster. Moderate damage Small cracks in plaster, fall of fairly large pieces of plaster, pantiles slip off, cracks in chimneys parts of chimney fall down, Heavy damage Lange and deep cracks in plaster; fall of chimneys, Destruction Gaps in walls: parts of buildings may collapse: separate parts of the buildings lose their cohesion; and inner ‘walls collapse Totaldamage Total collapse of the buildings, 33 d) Intensity Scale 1. Not noticeable — The intensity of the vibration is below the limits of sensibility; the tremor is detected and recorded by seismogeaph only. 2. Scarcely noticeable (very slight )— Vibration is felt only: by individual people at rest in houses, especially on upper floors of buildings 3. Weak, partially observed only — The earthquake is felt indoors by a few people, outdoors only in favourable circumstances. ‘The vibration is Hike that due to the passing of a light truck. Attentive observers notice a slight swinging of hanging objects, ‘somewhat more heavily on upper floors. 4. Largely observed —The earthquake is felt indoors by many people, outdoors by few. Here and there people awake, but no one is frightened. The vibration is like that due to the passing of a heavily loaded truck. ‘Windows, doors, and dishes ratle, Floors ‘and walls crack. ‘Furniture begins to shake. Flanging objects swing slightly. Liquid in open vessels are slightly disturbed. In standing motor cars the shock is noticeable. 5. Awakening ) The earthquake is felt indoors by all, outdoors by many. Many people awake ‘A few run outdoors. Animals become uneasy. Building tremble throughout. Hanging objects swing considerably. Pictures knock against walls or swing out ofpplace: Occasionally pendulum clocks stop. Unstable objects overturn or shift (Open doors and windows are thrust open and slam back again. Liquidsspill in stall amounts from well-filed open containers. ‘The sensation of vibration is like that due to heavy objects falling inside the buildings 4. Slight damages in buildings of Type A are possible iil) Sometimes changesin flow of springs.15 1893 ( Part 1) : 2002 6 Frightening i) Felt by most indoorsand outdoors. Many people in buildings are frightened and un outdoors. A few persons loose their balance. Domestic animals run out of their stalls. In few instances, dishes and slassware may break, and books fall down. Heavy furniture may possibly move and small steeple bells may ring, fi) Damage of Grade | is sustained in single buildings of Type B and in many of Type ‘A. Damage in few buildings of Type A isof Grade? iil) Im few cases, cracks up to widths of 1 om possible in wet ground; in mountains occasional landslips; change inflow of springs and in level of well water are observed. Damage of buildings ) Most people are frightened and run outdoors. Many find it difficult to stand. ‘The vibration is noticed by persons riving motor cars. Large bells ring. i) In many buildings of Type C damage of Grade 1 is caused; in many buildings of ‘Type B damage is of Grade 2. Most buildings of Type A suffer damage of Grade 3, few of Grade 4. In single instances, landslides of roadway on steep slopes; crack in roads; seams of pipelines damaged: cracks in stone walls, fil) Waves are formed on water, and is made turbid by mud stirred up. Water levels in wells change, and the flow of springs changes. Some times dry springs have their flow resorted and existing springs stop flowing. In isolated instances parts ‘of sand and gravelly banks slip off, Destruction of buildings i) Fright and panic; also persons driving ‘motor cars are disturbed, Here and there branches of trees break off. Even heavy furniture moves and partly overturns. ‘Hanging lamps are damaged in part ii) Most buildings of Type C suffer damage of Grade 2, and few of Grade 3. Most buildings of Type B suffer damage of Grade 3. Most buildings of Type A suffer damage of Grade 4. Occasional breaking of pipe seams, Memorials and Monuments move and twist. Tombstones overturn, Stone walls collapse. ii) Small landslips in hollows and on banked roads on steep slopes; cracks in ground upto widths of several centimetres. Water in lakes become turbid. New reservoirs ‘come into existence. Dry wells refill and, existing wells become dry. In many cases, change in flow and level of water is observed. 9. General damage of buildings 3) General panic; considerable damage to furniture, Animals run to and fro in confusion, and cry. ii) Many buildings of Type C suffer damage of Grade 3, anda few of Grade, Many buildings of Type B show a damage of Grade 4 and a few of Grade 5. Many buildings of Type A suffer damage of Grade 5. Monaments and colurans fall Considerable damage to reservoirs: underground pipes partly broken. In individual cases, railway lines are bent and roadway damaged it) On lat land overflow of water, sand and mud is often observed. Ground cracks to widths of up to 10 cm, on slopes and river banks more than 10 cm. Further more, a large:numiber of slight cracks in ‘ground: falls of rock, many land slides and earth flows; large waves in water. Dry wells renew their flow and existing wells dry up. 10, General destruction of buildings Many buildings of Type C suffer damage of Grade 4, anda few of Grade 5. Many buildings of Type B show damage of Grade 5. Most of Type A have destruction of Grade 5, Critical damage to dykes and dams. Severe damage to Bridges. Railway lines are bent slightly ‘Underground pipes are bent or broken. Road paving and asphalt show waves. ii) Inground, cracks up to widths of several centimetres, sonietimesup to 1m. Parallel to water courses occur broad fissures. Loose ground slides from steep slopes, From river banks and steep coasts, considerable landslides are possible, In Coastal areas, displacement of sand and ‘mud: change of water level in wells; water from canals, lakes, rivers, et, thrown on land, New lakes occur. Destruction ) Severe damage even to well built buildings, bridges, water dams andrailway lines, Highways become useless ‘Underground pipes destroyed ii) Ground considerably distorted by broad cracks and fissures, as well as movement in horizontal and vertical directions. ‘Numerous landslips and falls of rocks. ‘The intensity of the earthquake requires tobe investigated specifically. 12, Landscape changes 4) Practically all structures above and below i) TS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 ground are greatly damaged or destroyed, “The surface of the ground is radically changed, Considerable ground cracks with extensive vertical and horizontal movements are observed, Falling ofock and slurping of river banks over wide areas, lakes are dammed; waterfalls appear and rivers are deflected. ‘The intensity of the earthquake requires to be investigated specially. ANNEX E ( Foreword ) ZONE FACTORS FOR SOME IMPORTANT TOWNS. Town Zone Zone Factor Z Town Agra m 0.16 Chitradurga ‘Ahmedabad m os Coimbatore ‘Ajmer 1 0.10 Cuddalore Allahabad 1 0.10 Cuttack ‘Almora v 024 Darbhanga Ambala Nv 024 Darjeeling Anoritsar v 024 Dharwad Asansol 1 06 Dehra Dun Aurangabad 0 010 Dharampuri Bahraich v 024 Delhi Bangalore 1 0.10 Durgapur Barauni v 024 Gangtok Bareilly m 0.16 Guwahati Belgaum mm 016 Goa Bhatinda m1 016 Gotbarga Bhilai q 010 Gaya Bhopal 1 010 Gorakhpur Bhubaneswar mH 0.16 Hyderabad Bh v 036 Ipbal Bijapur 1 0.16 Jabalpur Bikaner wm 016 Jaipur Bokaro 1 0.16 Jamshedpur Bulandshahr v 024 Jhansi Burdwan m 016 Jodhpur Caileut uw 0.16 Jorhat Chandigarh v 024 Kakrapara Chennai m1 016 Koalapakam Zone ‘Zone Factor, Z u 0.10 mw 016 Mw 016 m™ 0.16 v 036 vy 024 mt 016 “aw 024 OL 016 Vv 024 m 0.16 v 024 v 036 m 016 0 0.10 rt 016 WV 024 1 010 v 036 om 06 1 0.10 1 0.10 i 010 1 0.10 v 03 1 016 m 01615 1993 (Part 1) : 2002 Town Zone Zone Factor Z Town Zone Zone Factor, Z Kanchipuram aw 016 Pondicherry 0 010 Konpur m1 016 Pune o 016 Karwar m 016 Raipur 0 010 Kohima v 036 Rajkot m1 016 Kolkata 1 0.16 Ranchi U 010 Kota 0 0.10 Roorkee Vv om Kurnool 0 0.10 Rourkela W 0.10 Lucknow wm 0.16 Sadiya v 036 ‘Ludhiana WN 024 Salem m 0.16 Madurai u 0.10 Simla v om Raa v 036 Sironj 1 010 Mangalore w 016 Solapur a a Monghyr Vv 02s Srinagar 7 Cg Moradabad Vv o2t am : oe Mumbai 1 016 sanaid iy te Mysore 1 030 nes a ai pee zt a ‘Thanjavor u 010 ‘Nagarjunasagsr . ae Thirwananthaparam UL 016 — a ca Tiruchirappali 1 0.10 Nasik m 016 Tirwvennamalai m1 016 Nellore ml 0.16 Uidaipar 7 a Osmanabad m 016 Vadodara 1 016 Panjim w 016 Varanasi 0 016 Patiala a 016 Vellore 1 016 Patna v 024 Vijayawada 1 0.6, Pilibhit W oat Visakhapatnam U 0.10 36penance 1S 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 ANNEX F ( Foreword ) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 39 Organization In personal capeity ( 72/6 Civil Lines, Roorkee 247667) Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd, New Delhi Building Materials Technology Promotion Council, New Delhi (Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee Central Public Works Department, New Dethi Central Water Commission (ERDD ), New Delhi Central Water and Power Reccerch Station, Pane D.CAD Technologies Pvt Ltd, New Dell Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai = Department of Civil Engineering, University of Roorkee, Roorkee Department of Barthquake Engineeting, University of Roorkee, Roorkee Engineerin-Chief"s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi Gammon India Limited, Mumbai Geological Survey of India, Lucknow Hoasing Utban and Development Corporation, New Delhi Indian Insitute of Technology, Kanpur ‘Indian Inetitte of Technology, Mambai ‘Indian Moterotogical Department, New Delhi 37 Reprecentative(s) Dr A. S, Anxa ( Chairman ) Saw N. ©. Aoby Da C. Kaoeesnwana Rao (Alternate 1) Samu A. K. Soon (Alternate IL) Shai. N. Gurra Soni. K. Phasan ( Alternate ) ‘Sunt $. K. Marra ‘Stu VK. Guera (Alternate } ‘Suranuwraspine Enaiweze (D) Exacunve Enawenn (D) 11 ( Alternate ) Dascror CMDD (NAW ) Dixscror Basanunent (N&W ) (Alternate Sami LD. Guera ‘Suk S. G. Cuapuatakan (Alternate } De KG. Buena Dr ( Seamuast) PR Bose Sim P. C, Korzewan Rao Sums S. Rasanutane ( Alternate ) ror Astox Jans Da S.K. THakear Dr D-K Prot ( Alernate 1) Da S. Basu ( Alternate II ) (Con (Dr ) Sins Pat ‘Sia, K. Smawat ( Alternate ) Dx V.¥. Saureean ‘Suma R. K. Guoven ( Alternate ) ‘Simi S.A. Rao: ‘Suni A. K, Cuurranves ( Alternate 1) ‘Sunt V. N. Hacoane ( Alternate II ) Sums P. Pawwey Swat ¥. B Suanoa ( Alternate ) Sim V. Ror Suns D. P. Sinon (Alternate ) Da. Kan Dx C.Y.R, Murry ( Alternate ) Dx Rast Sina Dr A. Govat (Alternate ) Dr S. N,, BHATTACHARYA ‘Suni. K. Mira. ( Alternate ) (Continued on page 38 )IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 (Continued from page 37 ) Organization Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, Rootke Larsen and Toubro, Chennai Maharashsa Engineering Research Centre (MERI), Nasik Ministry of Surface Tanapos, New Deli National Geophysical Research Institute ( CSIR ), Hyder [National Highway Authority of India, New Delhi [National Hydro-Electrie Power Corporation L1d, New Delhi National Thermal Power Corporation Lid, New Dethi ‘North Batter Council, Shillong [Nuclear Power Corporation, Mumbai Railway Board, Ministry of Railways, Lucknow Schocl of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi Structural Engineering Research Centre ( CSIR ), Chennai ‘Tandon Consultants Ltd, New Delhi ‘Tata Contuting Engineers, Mumbai Wadia Institut of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun In personal capacity (53, Kapil Vihar, Faridabad ) BIS Directorate General Member Secretary Sunt S, Cuarunvent Representative(s) Sim M. K. Gurr Dk D. K. Pau (Alternate ) Sani K, Javanawan ‘Shit S. Kawarran (Alternate ) ‘Suu R, L: Dasast Sunt 8. V. KUMARA Swany (Alternate ) sua NK. Sinn Suma RS. Novan ( Alternate ) Sun S. C. Basra ‘Sai M. Rav: Kenan. ( Alternate ) ‘Sia NK Sowa ‘Suns G. Susan (Alternate ) (Cur Bscwwane, CD-IIL Suu RS. Baas Sunt H. K. Ranaoan (Alternate ) Si L. K Gane ‘Sint A. D. Kuaasuiwo ( Alternate ) ‘Snnt U. 8. B. Vem Bxecunve Dmactor (BES ) “onet Diazcron ( B&S ) CB-I ( Alternate ) ‘Sunt V. Taovewooapa Sms C. ¥, VADYANariiO® Da B. Sivanan Sanaa (Alternate ) Da Mausstt Tanoox Sums Vinat Gurta ( Allernate ) Suns K. V, SuamaMaetatt Sant M. KS. Yoo ( Alternate ) ‘Sia SurawoeR Kuman Sin. Ls Nauta ‘simi SK. Jam, Director & Head ( Civ Engg ) [Representing Director General ( Ex-ofieto )) Joint Ditector (Civ Engg ), BIS Earthquake Resistant Construction Subcommittee, CED 39: 1 In pereonal capacity (72/6 Ci Lines, Roorkee 247667 ) ‘Building Material Technology Promotion Council, New Delhi ‘Central Boilding Research Insitute, Rootkee 38 DaA.S. Anza ( Convener ) Saw TN. Gurr, Sim J. K. Paasan ( Alternate ) Sia ML P, Jaca Sunt V. K. Gurra (Alternate ) (Continued on puge 39 )(Continued from page 38 ) Organization ‘Contral Public Works Department, New Delhi Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi Department of Barthguake Engi Roorkee, Roorkee ering, University of Engincet-in-Chief'e Branch, Army Heedquaiters, New Delhi Housing and Urban Development Corporation, New Dethi Hindustan Prefab Ltd, New Delhi Indian Inattute of Technology, Mumbai Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur North Eastern Council, Shillong Public Works Department, Goverment of Himachal Pradesh, ‘Simla Pubite Works Department, Goverment of Jammu & Kashmir Public Works Department, Goverment of Assam, Guvtabati Public Works Department, Government of Gujarat, Gandhi Nagar Research, Design and Standards Organization, Lucknow Structural Engincoring Research Centre ( CSIR }, Chennai ‘Tandon Consultants Pvt Lud, Delhi 1s 1893 ( Part 1) : 2002 Representative(s) ‘Surexurevoms Suevevor or Worxs (NDZ) ‘Sungnirenoinc Evaneze (D) ( Alternate ) Da ( Suuman1) PR. Bose Dx S. K. Tharxar ‘Da D. K. Pau (Alternate ) Bxweurive Ewotveen ( Deston } ‘Sint B. K. Chaxeaponry Saat DP, Srv ( Alternate ) Simi M, Kuxpu Dx Atox Gora. ‘Dp Rav Sina ( Alternate ) Dr Suowe K, Fane Da C.¥.R. Muxry ( Alternate ) ‘Sui D. N. Guosat ‘uuu V. Karon ‘SHRI. K. Kapok ( Alienate ) SHRI G. M. Suounrau Sus Suprata Cuaxnavanry Surmurexonsa Exonisen ( DEston ) Jour Dazeror Sros (B&S)/CB-L Assistaxt Dinector Stos ( B&S YICB-I (Alternate ) Suni C. ¥,_Vaoranarian ‘Sim B, Sivanata Sanna (Alternate ) Dr Maxst TaXDON Sirs Vieav Guera ( Alternate ) ‘Maps Subcommittee, CED 39:4 In personal capacity ( 53 Kapil Vihar, Faridabod ) Central Water and Power Rescarch St fon, Pane Department of Barthquake Engineering, University of Roorkee, Roorkee Indian Meterologicel Department, New Delhi Institute of Petroleum Engineering Oil and Natural Gas ‘Commission, Dehra Dun [National Geophysical Research Institute ( CSIR ), Hyderabad Sarvey of India, Dehra Dan 39 Shr P-L, Nauta ( Convener ) Baio K. K. Gurta (Alternate ) Duacron ‘Sum J.D. Gurta (Alternate ) Dx S. Basu Dx Astiwant Kuwan (Alternate ) aS. N, Buarracuanva ‘Suns V. K. Mirra (Alternate ) Darury Genera Manaoon Suremnvrenonio Gronnvstcis ( Alternate ) ‘Sua. C. Bua Da B. K Rasto (Alternate ) Sun G. M. LatBureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIShas the copyright ofall its publications. No par ofthese publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. 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