A.

Software

- [ ] Roles of the operating system

A program that acts as an intermediary between user and computer hardware

- Manages hardware

- Runs apps

- Provides interface for user to interact with device

- Manages storage and retrieval of files

- [ ] Types of utility programs

- Device drivers

- Security programs

- Defragmentation programs

- [ ] Interpreters, Assemblers, Compilers.

Interpreter: translates each line of HLL code into machine code

Assemblers: translates assembly level language instructions into machine code and creates one line
of machine code for each assembly-language instruction

Complilers: Translates an entire computer program into machine code and creates a file containing
machine code for the entire program

- [ ] Fetch–decode–execute cycle

The cycle the cpu follows in order to process instructions

1. the CPU fetches an instruction from a location in memory

2. the CPU works out what the instruction means.

3. Execute the action

- [ ] High level language (HLL) VS Low level language (LLL)

HLL programming language that uses commands and terms that are linked to the words or symbols a
human would use when carrying out the task

LLL Programming language that uses commands that are similar to the type of instructions the
processor understands
- [ ] Example of HLL

Python, Java, PHP, C#, JS

B. Network

- [ ] Type of network topology

Bus, Ring, Star

- [ ] Topology (Advantages and Disadvantages)

1. Bus

Advantages :

- Cheap

- Easy to install

- Easy to troubleshoot

Disadvantages :

- Limited cable length

- Single point of failure

- Security issues

2. Ring

Advantages :

- High data transfer speed

- No limit of number of devices that can be placed

- Few data packet collisions

Disadvantages :

- Single point of failure

- Expensive

- Slow network activity

3. Star
Advantages :

- Easy to install

- Easy to expand

- High security

Disadvantages :

- Expensive

- Single point of failure (central hub)

- Limited distance and bandwidth

- [ ] Network Peripheral such as Fibre optics, Router, Wireless access point, etc

1. Fibre optics: Thin flexible glass or plastic fibre that transmit light signals for telecommunications.

2. Router: Hardware that connects networks together

3. WAP: Allows other Wifi devices to connect to a wired or wireless network

- [ ] Wireless network VS Physical network

Wired networks are faster, more reliable, and secure.

Wireless networks are slower, susceptible to interference, more vulnerable to hacking; but easier to
set up, cheaper, and allows for more mobility

C. Keywords

1. Emerging technologies: New technology can be incorporated into a design to improve how the
product operates

2. Big data analytics: use of statistics, graphs and data analytics to measure performance and to
optimize productivity

3. Augmented reality: the integration of digital information with the user's environment in real time

4. Image recognition: the ability of software to identify physical objects or organisms in digital images

5. Traditional manufacturing: the making of products before computerisation; it often relied on

human production lines, where people completed individual tasks.

6. Artificial intelligence: Ability of a computer system to learn and develop its own programming from
the experiences it encounters

7. Machine learning: Ability of computer system to learn overtime

8. Industry 4.0 : Refers to how industry is combining electronics with new technologies, e.g.
machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics, and green energy.

9. Chatbots: software application that uses text to ask questions to help a user

10. Radio frequency identification tags (RFID) : Technology that uses radio signals to send data to
another device

11. Defragmentation: reorganising files stored on a hard drive to ensure that all parts of the same file
are located one after another

12. Prototype: initial product created for testing and reviewing and testing, before it is released.

13. Device driver: software program that operates a hardware device connected to a computer

14. Firewall: Restricts the network traffic entering and exiting a network, to ensure that it is safe.

D. Logic Circuit

E. Artificial Intelligence

- [ ] Potential uses of machine learning

- Image recognition (Ex: Automatic friend tagging suggestion - Facebook)

- Speech Recognition (Ex: Google assistant, siri, alexa)

- Traffic prediction (Ex: Google maps)

- Product recommendation (Ex: Amazon, Netflix)

- Self-driving cars (Ex: Tesla)

- Email Spam and Malware Filtering (Ex: Avanan)

- [ ] Application of automatic system on booking online or reservation tickets

Makes it easy guests to find hotel online and book a room on the spot. As all information about
dates, availability, and prices are shown. No human interaction is needed.
- [ ] Advantages and disadvantages of automation system

F. Data storage

1 byte = 8 bits

1 mb = ~1,000,000 bytes

G. Database

- [ ] Big Data VS traditional database

- Traditional data is structured, and is often easier to manipulate and can be managed with
conventional data processing software. However, it provides less sophisticated insights and more
limited benefits

- Big data is a large and complex data set. It is raw and unstructured.

- [ ] Data type (Text, Boolean, Integer, Date/time)

- Text : Any kind of text data

- Boolean : true or false data type

- Integer : A whole number that can be positive or negative

- Date/time : handle of temporal data