A PROJECT REPORT

On
Potential of Solar energy in IndIa
Submitted by
Student name : Nagma praveen
(32242723051)
Subject name : environmental studies
Subject code : vac281d
Under the guidance of
Dr. avik de
(assistant professor)

Department of computer application

Asansol engineering college

Asansol
Affiliated to

maulana abdul kalam azad university of technology

 Asansol engineering
college

certificate

Certified that this projeCts report on “Potential of

Solar energy in IndIa” is the bonafied work of
“Nagma Praveen (32242723051)” who Carried out the
project work under my supervision and guidance.

_____________________________ __________________________________

Dr. avik de dr. sumit singh

(Assistant Professor) HOD

Bachelor of Computer Application

Asansol Engineering College
Asansol
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is our great privilege to express my profound and sincere
gratitude to our Project Supervisor Dr. Avik De (Assistant
Professor) Designation for providing me with very cooperative and
precious guidance at every stage of the present project work being
carried out under his/her supervision. His valuable advice and
instructions in carrying out the present study have been a very
rewarding and pleasurable experience that has greatly benefitted
us throughout our work.
We would also like to pay our heartiest thanks and gratitude to
Sujit Singh, HOD and all the faculty members of the Electronics
and Communication Engineering, Asansol Engineering College for
various suggestions being provided in attaining success in our
work.
We would like to express our earnest thanks to our colleagues
along with all technical staff of the Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Asansol Engineering College for
their valuable assistance being provided during our project work.
Finally, we would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to our
parents for their constant motivation and support throughout our
work.
__________________________________________
Nagma Praveen(32242723051)
Date : 10/05/2023 1 st Year
Place : Asansol Bachelor of Computer Application
 CONTENT
Certificate

Acknowledgement

Content

List of figures/tables

Importance of Solar energy in IndIa

Project details

2.1 Why Solar Power is So Important for India ?

2.2 Why Does India Need Solar Power ?

2.3 What Has India Done Under the Pandemic ?

2.4 solar potential

2.5 types of solar energies

2.6 sustainable solar energy capacity

2.7 Current status of india’s solar energy CapaCity

2.8 Major initiatives and policies of the Indian

2.9 Government to promote solar energy

2.10 Challenges

2.11 In news

2.12 Way forward

Conclusion

Reference
Why Solar Power is so
important in India ?

In 2018, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government set a renewable

energy target for 2022 at 175 GW, 100 GW of which would be provided by solar
power. From 2018 to 2019, the share of RE in India’s total power generation
stood at only 10%. Then, at the United Nations’ Climate Action Summit in New
York in September 2019, Modi increased the target to 450 GW in a bid to
address climate change, acknowledging that existing actions were simply ‘not
enough.’

This indicated a greater need to accelerate the transition to low-carbon

technologies. However, this was not the sole reason. Given that India’s energy
demand is expected to increase drastically, the country faces a formidable
challenge, that is, the diversification of its energy sources in a bid to reduce
reliance on fossil fuels to meet demand. Investing in solar power is arguably the
best way for India to do this.

1
Why Does India Need Solar
Power ?
India needs solar power for several reasons:

Energy Security: India heavily depends on imported fossil fuels to meet its
energy needs. By harnessing solar power, India can reduce its dependence on
imported fuels, thereby enhancing its energy security.

Environmental Benefits: Solar power is a clean and renewable source of energy.

Using solar power helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and
water usage associated with traditional fossil fuel-based power generation,
thereby mitigating climate change and improving air quality.

Cost-Effectiveness: The cost of solar power has been decreasing steadily, making
it increasingly competitive with conventional sources of energy. Investing in
solar power infrastructure can provide long-term cost savings, especially as the
technology continues to improve and economies of scale are realized.

Energy Access: Many remote and rural areas in India still lack access to reliable
electricity. Solar power can be deployed more quickly and cost-effectively than
traditional grid infrastructure in these areas, helping to improve energy access
and stimulate economic development.

Job Creation: The solar industry has the potential to create numerous jobs in
manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and research and development. By
investing in solar power, India can stimulate job growth and support its growing
economy.

2
What Has India Done Under
the Pandemic ?

India has taken significant steps to promote the adoption and expansion of solar
energy, especially amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Here are some key actions:

Continued Solar Capacity Expansion: Despite challenges posed by the pandemic,

India continued its efforts to expand its solar energy capacity. The government
set ambitious targets for solar power generation and worked towards achieving
them through various initiatives and policies.

Policy Support and Incentives: India introduced and maintained supportive

policies and incentives to encourage investment in solar energy. These include
subsidies, tax incentives, renewable purchase obligations (RPOs), net metering
policies, and various financial incentives for solar projects.

Reverse Auctions and Competitive Bidding: India conducted reverse auctions

and competitive bidding processes to procure solar power at competitive rates.
These mechanisms helped drive down solar tariffs and make solar energy more
economically viable.

Solar Parks and Infrastructure Development: The government established solar

parks and dedicated solar zones to facilitate large-scale solar power projects.
These initiatives aimed to provide necessary infrastructure and streamline the
development process for solar energy projects.

Promotion of Rooftop Solar: India promoted rooftop solar installations through

various schemes and incentives targeting residential, commercial, and industrial

3
consumers. This approach aimed to increase solar energy penetration at the
decentralized level and reduce reliance on centralized grid infrastructure.

Research and Development: India invested in research and development efforts

to advance solar energy technologies and increase efficiency and affordability.
This includes funding for solar research institutions, collaborations with
academic and research organizations, and support for innovation in solar
technology.

International Collaboration and Partnerships: India engaged in international

collaboration and partnerships to exchange knowledge, best practices, and
technology in the field of solar energy. This included participation in
international forums, agreements, and partnerships focused on renewable
energy and climate change mitigation.

COVID-19 Response for Solar Sector: India provided support measures

specifically targeted at the solar energy sector during the pandemic. This
included extensions for project deadlines, relaxation of compliance
requirements, and financial assistance to mitigate the impact of disruptions
caused by the pandemic on solar projects and businesses.

4
Solar Potential

India has vast solar potential due to its geographical location and climatic
conditions. Here are some factors that contribute to India's significant solar
potential:

Sunshine Duration: India

receives abundant sunlight
throughout the year due to
its tropical location. Most
parts of the country
experience clear skies and
high solar insolation levels,
especially during the summer
months.

Geographical Diversity:
India's geographical diversity,
including deserts, plains, and
coastal areas, offers a range
of suitable locations for solar
energy projects. Different
regions have varying levels of
solar irradiance, allowing for optimization of solar power generation across the
country.

Large Land Availability: India has vast land resources that can be utilized for solar
energy projects, including utility-scale solar farms and concentrated solar power
(CSP) plants. This ample land availability enables the deployment of large-scale
solar installations to meet the country's energy needs.

5
Rooftop Solar Potential: India also has significant potential for rooftop solar
installations, especially in urban areas with high energy demand. Rooftop solar
photovoltaic (PV) systems can be installed on residential, commercial, and
industrial buildings, leveraging available space to generate clean energy locally.

Government Support and Policies: The Indian government has implemented

supportive policies and initiatives to promote solar energy adoption, such as the
National Solar Mission (NSM) and various state-level solar policies. These
policies include targets for solar power capacity addition, incentives for solar
project developers, and regulatory frameworks to facilitate grid integration.
Technological Advancements: Advances in solar technology, including
improvements in solar PV efficiency, reduction in costs, and innovations in
energy storage systems, have made solar power increasingly competitive and
attractive in India.

Growing Energy Demand: India's rapidly growing economy and population result
in increasing energy demand. Solar power offers a sustainable solution to meet
this growing demand while reducing dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating
environmental impacts.

Climate Change Mitigation Goals: India has committed to ambitious climate

change mitigation goals, including targets for increasing the share of renewable
energy in its energy mix. Solar energy plays a crucial role in achieving these goals
by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to a low-carbon
economy.

6
Types of solar energies –
Basically, there are five main types of solar energy that are using today and
through which generation and usage of power is taking place. They are :

1.Photovoltaic solar energy

2.Solar thermal energy
3.Concentrated solar power.
4.Passive solar energy
5.Building integrated photovoltaics

Photovoltaic Solar Energy

A solar photovoltaic power plant harnesses sunlight to generate electricity
through the photovoltaic effect . This process involves the use of solar panels
,typically composed of semiconductor materials such as silicon , which absorb
photon from sunlight and release electrons ,creating an electric current . The
solar panels are arranged in arrays and installed in open areas with ample
sunlight exposure.

As sunlight hits the panels ,the generated direct current is then converted into
alternating current using inverters ,making it suitable for integration into the
electrical grid. Solar PV power plants offer a clean and sustainable energy source
, producing electricity without emitting greenhouse gases or other pollutants .
Their modular design allows for scalability , enabling the construction of
facilitates ranging from small installations to large utility scale projects
.Maintenance requirements are generally low and the systems have a long
operational life.

7
Solar Thermal Energy
Solar thermal equipment harnesses solar radiation through solar collectors
,converting it into heat for various applications. These collectors capture and
store solar energy , particularly for heating water destined for hygienic ,
residential or industrial purposes. Concentrated solar power presents an
alternative approach .

It employs lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto a designated surface.

Through this concentration , the system generates intense heat, primarily
utilized for electricity generation . The process involves using the concentrated
solar energy to boil water, producing steam to drive turbines connected to
generators , thereby generating electricity .

Unlike traditional solar collectors that directly heat water , CSP focuses on
producing electricity by leveraging the intense heat created through
concentrated sunlight .

Concentrated Solar Power

Concentrated solar power represents a solar thermal energy technology
employing mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver , inducing
the heating of a fluid. This heated fluid is subsequently utilized to generate
steam , propelling a turbine that produces electrical power. A distinctive feature
of CSP lies in its ability to store the generated heat , enabling continuous
operation even in the absence of sunlight , during early morning or late evening
hours .

This capability ensures sustained power generation , overcoming the

intermittency associated with traditional solar technologies .The versatility of
CSP extends to its compatibility with hybrid power plants , where it can
seamlessly integrate with other energy sources.

8
Passive Solar Energy
Passive solar energy harnesses the natural light and warmth from the sun to
naturally heat a building or space, eschewing reliance on active mechanical
systems or technologies such as thermal active building systems(TABS) and solar
collectors in solar thermal energy (STE) systems . This approach relies on
strategic architectural design to optimize energy efficiency. In passive solar
heating , buildings are intelligently crafted with features like expansive windows
for optimal sun exposure, sun facing glass , and the incorporation of thermal
mass materials . These materials absorb and retain heat during the day ,
releasing it gradually to maintain a comfortable temperature.

Conversely , Passive solar cooling systems employ a range of tactics , including

shading elements , thermal mass utilization and natural ventilation , to mitigate
unwanted daytime heat. These systems also capitalize on the cool night air ,
storing it for subsequent use to regulate temperatures. The integration of
passive solar principles not only fosters energy efficiency but also reduces
reliance on active systems , contributing to environmentally conscious and
resource efficient construction practices.

Passive Solar Energy

Passive solar energy harnesses the natural light and warmth from the sun to
naturally heat a building or space, eschewing reliance on active mechanical
systems or technologies such as thermal active building systems(TABS) and solar
collectors in solar thermal energy (STE) systems . This approach relies on
strategic architectural design to optimize energy efficiency. In passive solar
heating , buildings are intelligently crafted with features like expansive windows
for optimal sun exposure, sun facing glass , and the incorporation of thermal
mass materials . These materials absorb and retain heat during the day ,
releasing it gradually to maintain a comfortable temperature.

9
India’s potential in building
sustainable solar energy
capacity.

India has immense potential to build sustainable solar energy capacity due to
several factors:

Abundant Solar Resource: India receives

abundant sunlight throughout the year
due to its tropical location. Most parts of
the country have high solar insolation
levels, making it an ideal location for
solar energy generation.

Government Commitment: The Indian

government has demonstrated a strong
commitment to renewable energy,
including solar power. Initiatives like the
National Solar Mission aim to increase
solar capacity and reduce the country's
carbon footprint.
Solar radiation resource assessment stations
(SRRA) in India. MNRE Phase1 , MNRE Phase2
, MEDA , AMS , ANERT SRRA stations.

Ambitious Targets: India has set ambitious targets for solar energy capacity
expansion. The government aims to achieve 100 GW of solar capacity by 2022
and has further plans to increase this target to 450 GW by 2030. These targets
provide a clear roadmap for scaling up solar energy deployment.

Supportive Policies and Incentives: India has implemented various policies and
incentives to promote solar energy adoption. These include subsidies, tax

10
incentives, renewable purchase obligations (RPOs), net metering policies, and
concessional financing for solar projects.

Falling Costs: The cost of solar energy has been steadily decreasing, making it
increasingly competitive with conventional sources of energy. This cost decline,
coupled with supportive policies, has led to rapid growth in solar capacity
installation in India.

Technological Advancements: Advances in solar technology, including

improvements in solar panel efficiency, energy storage systems, and grid
integration solutions, have further enhanced the viability of solar energy
projects in India.

Local Manufacturing: India has been investing in local manufacturing capacity

for solar components, including solar panels, inverters, and balance of system
components. This not only supports domestic industry but also reduces
dependence on imports and contributes to job creation.

Diverse Applications: Solar energy can be deployed across various sectors,

including power generation, agriculture (solar water pumping), transportation
(solar-powered vehicles), and rural electrification, providing opportunities for
sustainable development and energy access.

International Collaboration: India actively collaborates with international

partners and organizations to exchange knowledge, best practices, and
technology in the field of solar energy. This collaboration helps leverage global
expertise and accelerate the deployment of sustainable solar energy solutions.

11
Current status of India’s solar
energy capacity

India in its nationally intended has set an ambitious target to achieve a capacity
of 175 GW worth of renewable energy by the end of 2022, which expands to
500 GW by 2030. This is the world’s largest expansion plan in renewable energy.

India was the second-largest market in Asia for new solar PV capacity and third
globally (13 GW of additions in 2021). It ranked fourth for total installations
(60.4 GW), overtaking Germany (59.2 GW) for the first time.

Currently, India’s RE capacity

stands at 136GW, with only 30
GW attributing to solar energy.
Solar power is an avenue that
India is yet to explore in order to
expand its energy sources.
Hence, the Indian Government
has chosen to emphasize more
on solar power. This is probably
because hydropower is relatively
well developed and well-
established in India. Moreover, it
requires a large amount of
capital expenditure as compared
to solar power. On the other
hand, wind energy is confined to
only coastal areas and cannot be used to provide power to the interior, which is
the largest part of the country. Additionally, India has been dependent on
Chinese products to construct solar power plants. This government preference
to solar power along with protectionist measures against China can be a
lucrative opportunity for Indian businesses to gain global competitiveness.

12
Major initiatives and policies
of the Indian

National Solar Mission (NSM): Launched in 2010, the NSM aims to promote the
development and deployment of solar energy in India. It sets ambitious targets
for solar capacity addition, including the goal of achieving 100 GW of solar
capacity by 2022 and 450 GW by 2030. The mission encompasses various
initiatives to incentivize solar energy adoption, including subsidies, tax
incentives, and regulatory frameworks.

Solar Parks Scheme: The Indian government has initiated the development of
solar parks to facilitate large-scale solar power projects. These solar parks
provide necessary infrastructure, land, and utilities to developers, streamlining
the process of project development and grid integration. The scheme aims to
attract investments and accelerate the deployment of solar capacity.

Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO): The RPO mechanism mandates that

electricity distribution companies (DISCOMs) procure a certain percentage of
their electricity from renewable sources, including solar energy. This policy
incentivizes the demand for solar power and encourages investment in solar
projects to meet renewable energy targets.

Net Metering Policies: Many states in India have implemented net metering
policies, allowing rooftop solar system owners to feed surplus electricity
generated back into the grid and receive credits for the exported power. Net
metering promotes distributed solar generation and enables consumers to
offset their electricity bills with solar energy savings.

Solar Rooftop Subsidy Scheme: The government offers subsidies and financial
incentives to promote rooftop solar installations, particularly in residential,
13
commercial, and industrial sectors. These schemes aim to reduce the upfront
costs of installing solar PV systems and encourage wider adoption of rooftop
solar across the country.

Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI): SECI is a government agency

responsible for implementing various solar energy projects and initiatives in
India. It conducts competitive bidding processes, auctions, and tenders for the
procurement of solar power and facilitates the development of solar projects,
including utility-scale and rooftop installations.

International Solar Alliance (ISA): India co-founded the ISA, an international

organization aimed at promoting solar energy deployment worldwide. The
alliance focuses on initiatives such as mobilizing finance, sharing best practices,
and promoting solar technology innovation to address global energy challenges.

These initiatives and policies reflect the Indian government's commitment to

promoting solar energy as a key component of its renewable energy strategy,
addressing energy security, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic
development goals.

14
Government to promote solar
energy.

The Indian government has implemented various measures to promote solar

energy adoption and accelerate the growth of the solar sector. Some key
initiatives include:

National Solar Mission (NSM): Launched in 2010, the NSM aims to establish
India as a global leader in solar energy. It sets ambitious targets for solar
capacity addition, including the goal of achieving 100 GW of solar capacity by
2022 and 450 GW by 2030. The mission encompasses various initiatives to
incentivize solar energy adoption, including subsidies, tax incentives, and
regulatory frameworks.

Solar Parks Scheme: The government has initiated the development of solar
parks to facilitate large-scale solar power projects. These solar parks provide
necessary infrastructure, land, and utilities to developers, streamlining the
process of project development and grid integration. The scheme aims to attract
investments and accelerate the deployment of solar capacity.

Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO): The RPO mechanism mandates that

electricity distribution companies (DISCOMs) procure a certain percentage of
their electricity from renewable sources, including solar energy. This policy
incentivizes the demand for solar power and encourages investment in solar
projects to meet renewable energy targets.

Net Metering Policies: Many states in India have implemented net metering
policies, allowing rooftop solar system owners to feed surplus electricity
generated back into the grid and receive credits for the exported power. Net
15
metering promotes distributed solar generation and enables consumers to
offset their electricity bills with solar energy savings.

Solar Rooftop Subsidy Scheme: The government offers subsidies and financial
incentives to promote rooftop solar installations, particularly in residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors. These schemes aim to reduce the upfront
costs of installing solar PV systems and encourage wider adoption of rooftop
solar across the country.

Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI): SECI is a government agency

responsible for implementing various solar energy projects and initiatives in
India. It conducts competitive bidding processes, auctions, and tenders for the
procurement of solar power and facilitates the development of solar projects,
including utility-scale and rooftop installations.

International Solar Alliance (ISA): India co-founded the ISA, an international

organization aimed at promoting solar energy deployment worldwide. The
alliance focuses on initiatives such as mobilizing finance, sharing best practices,
and promoting solar technology innovation to address global energy challenges.

These initiatives and policies reflect the Indian government's commitment to

promoting solar energy as a key component of its renewable energy strategy,
addressing energy security, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic
development goals.

16
Challenges
Some of the most notable Solar Energy Challenges in India include:

Lack of Domestic Manufacturing of Solar Parts: The domestic manufacturing

industry of solar PV cells and modules is severely lacking in India due to the lack
of infrastructure, skilled workforce and high cost of production.

Space Scarcity: Another part of the major Solar Energy Challenges in India is the
scarcity of land to install large-scale ground-mount solar systems, solving which
scope for greater R&D and innovation could be increased tenfold in terms of
installation.

Financing Mechanism: The absence of innovative financing options for installing

large-scale solar PV parks is another big part of Solar Energy Challenges in India
that could offer higher sums at lower interest with longer durations. However,
some government initiatives like the National Clean Energy and Environment
Fund, Green Masala Bonds, etc., have slightly resolved this issue.

Low Tariffs: Since the Indian government enforces one of the lowest solar tariffs,
it makes the prospect of purchasing solar parts unsustainable for some
developers which further leads to compromise in the quality of solar panels.
This forms another key part of the Solar Energy Challenges in India that need to
be addressed.

Waste Management: India’s solar waste has been predicted to grow by 1.8
million tonnes by 2050. Currently, India’s e-waste rules are not mandatory for
solar cell manufacturers which leads to a large generation of solar waste every
year.

17
In News

Recently, the road transport and highway minister announced that the
government is working on developing electric highways powered by solar
energy.
This is expected to facilitate the charging of heavy-duty trucks and buses.
This signifies India’s commitment to the adoption of renewable sources of
energy in the present energy-strapped world.
In this context let us discuss the solar energy potential of India and analyze
where India stands in the global arena in the march towards the attainment of
energy security.

18
Way Forward

Promote hybridization of solar and wind energy: The synergy in hybrid wind and
solar plants will help reduce variability in power generation. Hybrid projects
would also have much higher capacity utilization factors, thus practically
eliminating the intermittency challenge.

Build enhanced evacuation infrastructure: We need greater investment in high-

voltage transmission lines to transport bulk energy over vast distances quickly
and efficiently from power-rich to power-scarce states. This is even more
important in a scenario where storage solutions are not well-developed.

Invest in digitalization: There is huge potential for advanced software solutions

that can optimize grid-level operations besides impacting consumer behaviours.

Develop battery storage solutions: Grid operators can store electricity generated
from renewable projects in large battery systems in low-demand situations, and
then promptly release that electricity into the grid when demand increases.

Turnaround the distribution companies: Nearly a quarter of electricity generated

is lost in transmission because India’s distribution companies (known as
DISCOMs) use outdated infrastructure, resulting in line faults and leakages, as
well as undersized and over-utilized transformers. Immediate reforms are
needed to revitalize the DISCOMs – privatization and greater autonomy may be
the answer. There is a dire need to invest in upgraded infrastructure and formula

19
Basic solar Energy Queries

What is solar energy?

Solar energy is a renewable energy source that utilizes the power of the sun to
generate electricity or heat.

What are the various types of solar power used in India?

The main solar energy types used in India are Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Energy,
Solar Thermal Energy (STE), Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), and Passive Solar
Energy.

What is Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Energy?

Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is obtained by converting sunlight into electricity
through the use of solar panels.

How do solar panels work?

Solar panels contain photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight into direct current
(DC) electricity, which can be converted into usable alternating current (AC)
electricity.

What materials are used to make photovoltaic cells?

Photovoltaic cells can be made from materials like monocrystalline,
polycrystalline, amorphous silicon, or other thin-film semiconductor materials.

What is Solar Thermal Energy (STE)?

Solar thermal energy is the conversion of solar energy into heat, which can be
used for various applications such as heating water or spaces.

How do solar thermal systems work?

Solar thermal systems utilize technologies like transpired collectors, solar
collectors, and thermally activated cooling systems to harness the heat from the
sun.

20
What is Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)?
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is a type of solar thermal energy that uses
mirrors or lenses to focus solar radiation onto a receiver, generating high-
temperature heat.

How is CSP used to generate electricity?

The heat generated by CSP systems is used to produce steam, which is then used
to drive a turbine and generate electrical power.

Can CSP systems generate electricity even at night?

CSP systems can store thermal energy in molten salts, allowing them to continue
generating electricity even when the sun is not shining.

What is Passive Solar Energy?

Passive solar energy refers to the use of natural light and heat from the sun to
warm a building or space without the use of active mechanical systems.

How does passive solar design work?

Passive solar design incorporates features like large windows for maximum sun
exposure, thermal mass materials for heat storage, and natural ventilation for
cooling.

What is Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)?

Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is a type of solar energy that integrates
photovoltaic panels into building components like roofs, walls, or windows.

What are the advantages of BIPV?

BIPV not only generates electricity but also enhances the energy efficiency and
sustainability of buildings, making it a popular choice for commercial buildings
and eco-friendly homes.

21
Conclusion

India's dire need to boost its solar manufacturing capacity cannot be overstated!
Relying solely on large-scale solar deployment through the importation of solar
equipment is akin to playing a dangerous game of chance with our energy
future. The time has come for India to seize the reins of its destiny and embark
on a transformative journey towards self-reliance in solar manufacturing.

The urgency of this endeavour cannot be underestimated. It is imperative that

India swiftly develops the entire value chain ecosystem for solar manufacturing,
from raw material procurement to product assembly and distribution. This
means investing in research and development, fostering innovation, and
nurturing a skilled workforce capable of competing on the global stage.

Failure to take decisive action now will have far-reaching consequences,

jeopardizing not only India's energy security but also its economic prosperity
and environmental sustainability. By embracing this challenge head-on, India can
pave the way for a brighter, more sustainable future, powered by indigenous
solar technology and driven by a spirit of innovation and resilience. The time to
act is now!

22
Reference

1.International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). "India 2021 Energy Policy Review."
Retrieved from:
https://www.iea.org/reports/india-2021-energy-policy-review.

2.Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India. (n.d.).

"National Solar Mission." Retrieved from:
https://mnre.gov.in/national-solar-mission.

3.World Bank. (2020). "India's Solar Power Potential: An Assessment of Technical

and Economic Opportunities." Retrieved from:
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34065.

4.Gupta, M., & Thakur, A. (Eds.). (2020). "Solar Energy: Renewable Energy and
the Environment." CRC Press.
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781000197483

5.International Solar Alliance (ISA). (n.d.). "About ISA." Retrieved from:

https://www.isolaralliance.org/About-ISA.aspx

23