Era Perio Epoch Indian Peninsula of Cenozoic Age Northern India of Cenozoic Age

TS
Northwes Andaman Nicobar Deccan Cauvery Assam Himalayan Indus Belt Himalayan
tern Islands Traps and Arakan Neogene (Flyschoidal Palaeogene
Peninsula Godavari Region Succesion Character) Succession
Basins (Eastern (Molasse (Shimla

IS
India) Facies) Hills,HP
and in
Pakistan)

G
Cenozoi Quaternary Holocene Shell Limestone Alluvium Older
c 0.01 Ma beach Sands (Coral (Pleistoce Alluvium

LO
Rag and Sand) Sub- ne to
recent to Recent Recent)
Age

EO
Unconformity Gradation

Pleistoce Neil West Coast Dhing S Boulder

nce
1.6 Ma iG
Fm (Bio-
Calcarenite)
Neil West Coast
Fm (Bio-
Group
(Plio-
Pleistocen
e)
I

W
Conglo
merates
(Coarse
boulder
ar
Calcarenite) cong,Cl
Late Pliocene to A ays,San
ik

Pleistocene Age ds,Grits

with
L
t

Elephas
an

nomadic
I us,Equs,
Camelus
K
Kr

,Buffelu
s
palaeind
icus)
G Pinjor
 Fm
R (Conglo
merates,

TS
O sandston
es,Clays
U with
Elephas

IS
Planifer
P
ous,He
mibos,St

G
egodon)

LO
Tatrot
Fm

EO
(Sandsto
nes,clay
s,conglo
merates

iG with
Hypoph
ys,Lepto
bos)
ar
Terti Ne Pliocene Guitar Fm Dihing
ary og 5.3 Ma (Calcareous Group
ik

en Mudstone) (Boulder
e Early to Late beds,soft
Pliocene Age
t

sandstone
an

clay)
(Plio-
Pleistocen
Kr

e)
Unconfor
mity
 Namsang
Beds Upper

TS
(Clay,sand Miocene
stones to
and Pliocene
Conglome

IS
rates)
Dhokpa
than

G
Mio-
Fm
Pliocene (Sandsto

LO
ne,Shale
Dupitila s,Clays,
Group Pebbly
Upper

EO
at the
Duitila top with
(Clays and Stegodo
Sandstone n,Masto

iG s)

Unconfor
mity
don,Gir
affoid,Su
s)
ar
Lower
ik

Dupitila
(Sandston
t

es and Nagri
an

Conglome Fm
rates) (Massive
Sandsto
Kr

Unconfor ne,shale
mity s and
Miocene Sawai Bay Fm Tipam Red
(23.7 (Cacareous Group Clays
with
Ma) Mudstone):Late (Girujan Mastod
Miocene to Early Clay,Tipa on,Hipp
Pliocene Age m arion,Pr

TS
Sandstone ostegod
Long Fm ) on,Ram
(Calcareous apithicu
siltstone and silty s

IS
mudstone)
Middle to Late Middle

G
Miocene Age Miocene
Karoo
Formation

LO
Inglis Fm Chinji
:800m thick
(Calcareous Chalk) Fm
(Molassic Dharmshal
Early Miocene (Nodular
Shales Sediments in a Group

EO
with intra deep (alternation
Strait Fm (Round Surma and back
Listriod of fine to
Formation):Shell Group deep
on,Amph medium
sandstones,limesto (Sandston molassic
icyon,Gi grained grey
nes and
iG
conglomerates)
Early to Middle
Miocene Age Strait
e and
Shales)
raffoker
y,Tetrab
eldon)
basin of
Ladakh.)
Upper Karoo
Fm
and maroon
sandstones
and
variegated
ar
Fm (Round (Hemis clays with
Formation):Shell Kamlial Conglomera pollen,fossil
tes) which
ik

sandstones,limesto Fm wood and

nes and (Dark has leaf
transgressive
t

conglomerates) hard impression)

an

sandston contact over

Early to Middle
es,red the Ladakh
Miocene Age Batholith.
and
Kr

purple
shales
with
Acerathe
rium,Tel
 emastod
on,Tetra
Deccan beldon,A

TS
Trap nthropoi
(Cretaceou ds,Hypo
s- boops)
Paleogene

IS
Kasauli Fm
Age) (2100m
(9) thick)

G
Normal
Polarity Upper

LO
(5.4 Ma) Kasauli
Plant
fossils:Sabal
major,fossil

EO
wood and
monocot
and dicot
(8) leaf

iG
Unconformity
Normal
Polarity

(7)
impressions
with Unio
shells
ar
Normal
Polarity
ik

Kasauli Fm
(Upper
t

Murrees)
an

Pal Oligocen Port Blair Fm (6) Barail

eo e (Conglomerates,Gri Normal Group
ge 36.6 Ma ts and Polarity (Sandston
Kr

ne Graywackes):Middl (41.7 Ma) e and

e Eocece to Shales)
Oligocene Age Cherty
Limestone
 (5)
Reverse

TS
Polarity
(45.7 Ma)

IS
Red Clay

G
Eocene Jogira Bartang Fm (4) Jainta Dagshai

LO
57.8 Ma Fm (Shale- Reversal Group Formation
(Unfossili graywacke):Late Polarity (Disang (Alternate
ferous Cretaceous to Group in sequence of
nodular Eocene Age Naga- grey and

EO
beds in (3) Paktoi purple clay
the upper Revere Hills):Shal and
part es,Limest hard,fine
Polarity
Unconfor ones and
mity
Bandeh
Fm
iG (2)
Sandstone
s
Paleocene
grained
greenish
impure
sandstone)
ar
(Middle to Eocene
Eocene Reverse Age
Age):Aren Polarity
ik

acous (50 Ma)

limestone
t

succession
an

that
become
ferruginou
Kr

s in the
Upper
part.Two
zones
namely
 Discocylin
a sella
Zone and

TS
Nummulit
es
macclatus
Discocycli

IS
na
dispansa.

G
Jogira
Fm(Late

LO
Eocene
Age)

EO
Khujala
Fm

Paleocen
e
66.4 Ma
Madh Fm
(Volcano-
Clastic
sequence
iG Subathu
Fm (Basal
pisolitic
lateritic
ar
deposited overlain by
in a thick
ik

continent succession
of
al
t

green,grey
fluviatile
an

and red
and shales
marine intercalated
littoral
Kr

with thin
basins) lenticular
bands of
sandstones
and impure
 limestones
and with
large

TS
assemblage
of
Foraminifer
a includes

IS
Nummulites,
Ranikothali
a,Lockharita

G
(1) ,Dictyoconoi
des and

LO
Assilina
(9
biostratigra

EO
phic zones
have been
Unconform established
ity in this Fm)
Mesozoi
c
Cretaceous Late
97.5 iG
Port-Meado
w Fm (Radiolarian
Chert,Quartzites,Sh
ales with
Lameta &
Bagh Beds
Upper Tal of
Cretaceous
Age
ar
Ophiolites):Late
Cretaceous Age
t ik

Era Period Epoch Indian Peninsula of Mesozoic Age Northern India of Mesozoic Age
an

(Ma)
Kutch Saurashtra Westrern Narma Cauvery Tethyan Region Lesser
Rajasthan da Basin (Fossiliferous) Himalaya
Kr

Valley South
India Kashmir- Zanskar- Ladakh
Chamba Spiti
Mesozoi Cretaceous Late Niniyur Chikkim Tal
c 97.5 Fm Shale with Formatio
Maastrichtia n
Early

TS
Ariyalur n
144 microfauna. Upper Tal
Fm
Calcareous
Trichino Chikkim Sandstone(

IS
Limestone Fossilifero
poly Fm
(Foraminifer us)
al Limestone

G
Uttau )succession
Fm(Pho

LO
sphatic Giumal
Nodules Sandstone
) (100 m thick

EO
yellow
Dalmian coloured
purum siliceous
Fm sandstones

iG (Pyritife
rous
grey
shale
and
Quartzites)
of Albian age
Arkose,Q
uartzites
ar
Fossil
and Traces
limesto
ik

ne with
ostraco
t

des,am
an

monites,
foramini
fera and
Kr

plant
fossils).
Unconf
ormity
 Archaea
n or
Upper

TS
Gondwa
na
Rocks

IS
Jurassic Late Lameta Quaternary Lower Tal

G
163 Beds Soils Spiti Shales (Jurassic
Bagh Coral with or

LO
Beds Limestone Lochambal Permian)
Abur Fm beds,Chidam
Parihar u Mudstone
Bhuj Fm Wadhawan fm Beds,Belemn

EO
ites Beds. Limestone,
(Umia Group
Chert
plant
beds)
Umia Fm
Ukra Beds
Trigonia
Beds
iG Kioto
Limestone(
Megalodon
ar
Umia Limestone)
Ammonite of Sipiti
ik

s Valley with
Sulcacutus
t

Beds,
an

Tagling fm,

Para Fm.
Kr
Middle Katrol Fm Dharangadh Badesar
187 Golden ara Group Fm
Oolites Baisakhi

TS
fm
Chari Fm
(Sandy Precambrian
limestone, Basement

IS
marls,calc
areous

G
and sandy
shales

LO
with
oolitic
limestone
Early Patcham Jaisalmer Phosphate

EO
208 Fm(neritic Fm Megalodon
facies of Lathi Fm beds
transgress Unfossiliferou
ion)
Coral
Beds
Shelly
iG s
limestone,dol
omites and
Shales.
ar
Limestone Spiriferia
Basal stratchyi
ik

Limestone bearing beds

(Kuar Bet of Carnian Age
t

Beds) occur at the

an

Unconfor base.
mity
Kr

Precambri
an
Basement
but not
 exposed
Triassic Late Quartzite
230 beds

TS
Massive and
pure
limestone
and

IS
Dolomites.

G
600 m thick
sequence of

LO
mixed facies
of
calcareous,ar
gillaceous

EO
and
arenaceous
rocks
Middle 300 m thick Poorly
240
iG succession of
buff
fossiliferous
nodular
coloured,thin limestone.
bedded,sandy 90m thick
ar
limestone sequence of
with Middle dark
ik

coloured
Triassic
splintery
fauna.(Ammo
t

limestone
an

noids:Hungari with
tes,Sibirites,Isc interbeds of
ulites,Ptychite shales.
Kr

s,Gymnites Daonella
and Shales of
Budhaites. Upper
Nautiloids:Srin Muschelkalk
gonautiloids,G age.
 ryphoceras,Pa Shaly
ranautiloids limestone
and with

TS
Orthoceras,La Rhychonella
mellibranchia griesbahi,No
and vella
Brachiopods.) kingi,Retzia

IS
himaica of
Muschelkalk
age.

G
Early Thick Lilang Group Namikla Krol
245 succession of of Spiti Flysch in Formation

LO
Limestone Valley the N of
and shale with Indus (E)
Triassic Fauna 60m thick Belt.(Zansk Dolomitic

EO
Four fossiliferous ar-Spiti Limestone
biostratigraph calcareous Region)
ic zones on phyllites with Which (D)
the basis of Ptychites and were Cherty

iG Ammonoid
fauna
Otoceras
Ammonoids
and
Gastropods
deposited
in
Geosynclin
Limestone

(C)
ar
Zone of Anisian al basin
Ophiceras age bordering (B)
Zone the shelf Red Shale
ik

Meekoceras Unfossilifero sea of the

Zone us Zanskar-
t
an

Hedenstroemi Calcareous Spiti (A)

a Zone phyllites Region. Limestone
Kalhel sequence Shale
Kr

Limestone in Sandstone
 Kristwar and Panjal Trap Dras
Chamba Volcanics(
region with ultrabasic

TS
to acidic
Permian varieties
fossils Claraia and
constitute

IS
s a part of
the Indus

G
Ophilitic
Belts)

LO
Conodont Beds(Youngest stage of Permian
Periods)

EO
Palaeoz Permian Late PERMIAN –TRIASSIC BOUNDARY Permian Infra-Krol
oic 258 Best Exposed in Guruyul Ravine Black Shales
of Vihi District of Kashmir
Stratigraphy of PT in Kashmir:

iG Cliff Limestone
Black Shale = Transitional facies
Clararia
ar
Sphinomarginifera
Brachiopods
Clararia Productites
ik

Bivalve Conquina
t
an
Kr
Era Period Epoch Indian Peninsula of Palaeozoic and Northern India of Palaeozoic and Precambrian age Pakistan
(Ma) Precambrian Age Of
Palaeozoic

TS
Central Southern Eastern Eastern Tethyan Region Lesser Himalaya Age
Wester India Ghats India (Fossiliferous) (Unfossiliferous)
n India Kashmir Spiti Kumaun- Lower Upper

IS
(HP) Garhwal Paleozoic Paleozoic
(Rich (Tethyan
collection Sequence)

G
of fossils)
Palaeozoi Permian Late Zewan Krinkrong

LO
c 258 Formation Formation
Ganampter (Dark
is Beds ferruginous
limestone

EO
interbedded
with black
micaceous
shales with

Early
286
iG Panjal
Permian
Age
Spirifer,Produc
tus etc)
Bhimtal
Volcanics
Umaria
Marine
ar
Trap fossils Fauna
(Andesitic with
ik

and lower
Basaltic arenite
t

Traps) sequence
an

Agglomerat
ic Slates
Kr

Series

Fenestella
Shales
(Interbanded
 Shales &
Quartzites
with

TS
Conglomera
tes.)

IS
Carboni Late Unfossilifer Grits and Bijni
ferous 300 ous Conglom Tectonic

G
Quartzites erates by Unit with
and Shales calcareou six
s species of

LO
Coralline sandstone Bryozoan
Zone genera
Productu

EO
Productus s Shale Blaini-
Zone (black Krol-Tal
shale) Successio
Syringothyr n

iG is Zone

Po
(Boulder
beds,dark
shale,silts
tone and
ar
Formatio pink
n dolomitic
ik

and
siliceous
t

limestone
an

)
Blaini
Boulder
Kr

Beds(Shi
mla) =
Mandhal
i Beds
(Garhwal
 TS
Early Lipak Kali Infra
360 Formatio Formation Krol
n (Grey Formatio
Thabo siliceous,rusty n

IS
Member brown (Black
(Rhacopt weathering Carbonac

G
eris flora) dolomites and eous
fine quartzites) Pyritifero
usShales

LO
and
Slates
with

EO
intercalati
ons of
brown
quartzites

Devonia
n
Late
374
Middle
iG Muth Quartzite
(White Green
Orthoquartzite
White
Quartzites
(equivalent to
)
ar
387 Muth
Quartzites)
ik

Early Naubug Conglom Red and White

408 Beds of erates,red brecciated
t

Shales and dish crinoidal

an

Silicous brown limestones

Limestone quartzite with thin
Harpatnar and carbonaceous
Kr

Beds of siliceous shales

Mudstone shales (Orthis,Favosit
and Shales with plant es spitiensis
fossils etc)
Silurian Late Psilophyt Sirdang
 421 on prince Quartzites

Early Unfossilifer Silurian Chandpur-

TS
438 ous Fuana:O Nagthat
Shales,Silic rthis,Fav Succestion
eous Shales osites,Hal of Kumaun
ysites,Cal with

IS
ymene,Or Salopina
thoceras brachiopod

G
etc

Ordovic Late Gauran Ordovica Shiala

LO
ian 458 Shales n Fauna: Formation
Middle Ferruginous Orthis,Le Ribbed
478 Slates,Grey ptaena,So Brachiopods of

EO
wackes and werbyella Garbyang
Early Limestone ,Steptelas Formation
505 (Fauna:Ort ma etc)
his,Leptelloi Garbyang

iG dea,Leptaen
a,Crinoid
stems and
joints)
Formation
(Flat
Gastropods)
ar
Cambri Late Shales of Ralam Gypsum
ik

an 523 Shamsh Conglomerates Trap

Abari
t

Syncline
an

(Baramula)
Middle Dogra Slate Haimanta Dogra
540 Group Slates
Kr

Early 570 (Trilobite Mortur Stage Part of Tanawal Salt Range

s and ( = Kulti Fm) Vindhyan Successio
Salkha Brachiop sea n
Group ods Budhi Schist
Proterozo Upper 680 Khairgar Nagthat
ic Proter h Vaikrita Formation
Orogeny Group ( = Upper
ozoic (600Ma) Vindhyan)

TS
Jaunsar Group
Vendia Amri Tectonic
n Unit

IS
(700-
680)
Riphea 1100-700 Malani Singhbh

G
n Igneous um
Suite(M Orogen
(1600-

LO
alani y
700) Trap) (850Ma
(735Ma) )
Kolhan

EO
Bhander Orogen
Group y of
(Up Chaibas
Vindhya a Group
n) (950Ma
(741Ma)

Sausar
Group
iG )
Chhattis
garh
Supergr
ar
Orogeny oup
( = Chilpi (993Ma
ik

Ghat )
Group)
(844-
t
an

996Ma)

Rewa
Group(U
Kr

p
Vindhya
n)

Satpura
 Orogeny
(1000Ma
)

TS
1400-1100 Kimberlit
e
Pipe(Pan

IS
na
Diamond
)

G
(1140Ma
)
Kaimur

LO
Group(U
p
Vindhya
n)

EO
(1150Ma
)
Sakoli
Orogeny

1600-1400
(1335Ma
)

Semri Cuddapa
iG
Eastern Kolhan Northern
ar
Group of h Trap & Ghat Group Peninsula
Lower Supergrou Orogen (1600-
Vindhya p y 1500Ma Delhi
ik

n(= (1600- (1600M ) Supergroup

Kurnool 900Ma) a) (Delhi
t

Group = Kurnool Orogeny)

an

Bhima Group = (1650-

Group = Badami 900Ma)
Palnad Group =
Kr

Group) Indravati
(1600- Group
1400Ma)
 Proter 1900-1600 Mahakau
ozoic shal
Group of
(Lower Son

TS
) Valley
2500- (1810-
1600 1600Ma)

IS
G
s 2200-1900 Aravalli Eparchea Mayurb

LO
(2000- n hanj
2500 Unconfor Granite
Ma)? mity (2100-
Dongarh 2000Ma

EO
Granite( )
=
Closepet Dalma
Granite) Trap
(2200Ma
)
Nandgao
n Group
iG
(2100M
a)
ar
(2200Ma
)
ik

2500-2200 Closepet
Granite(Bellary
t

Gneiss = Hosur
an

Gneiss)
(2380-2000Ma)
Kr

Archae 2700-2500 Amgaon Pakhal Charnoc

an Group(A Group = kite
mgaon Dharwar Series
Orogeny) Supergrou (Blue
(2300Ma p(Newer Mountai
) Greenston n
 Chopan e Belt) Gneiss;
Dolerite Up Nilgiri)
Dyke Dharwar (2600M
(2370Ma (= a)

TS
) Sulekere
BGC Series)
(2500Ma Mid
) Dharwar (

IS
= Hosur
Series)

G
Low
Dharwar (
=

LO
Complex
Series)
(2100-
2500Ma)

EO
Precambri 2900-2700 Bijawar
an Trap
(2780Ma
)
3200-2900 Peninsular
Gneiss(Fu
ndamental
Gneiss)
iG
Khonda
lite
Series
(Bezwa
Iron Ore
Group
(Iron
Ore
ar
(2950- da Orogen
2600Ma) Gneis = y)
Sargur Kailasa (2900M
ik

Schist(Ol Gneiss) a)
der (3000M Singhbh
t

Greenston a) um
an

e Belt) Granite
(3000Ma) (2950M
a)
Kr

3500-3200 Older
Metamo
rphic
Group
(3200M
 a)

Hadea After Oldest Oceanic Crust 1.8 Ga(in the Pacific Ocean)
n 4600-4000 Acasta Gneiss 4.4 Ga

TS
4600- Origin of Moon 4.5 Ga
4000 Origin of Earth 4.6 Ga

IS
G
LO
EO
iG
ar
ik
t
an
Kr