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Science 9 Handouts 4TH Quarter

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Herbe Jhay Luces
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21 views4 pages

Science 9 Handouts 4TH Quarter

Uploaded by

Herbe Jhay Luces
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Momentum and Impulse

Momentum- it means “mass in motion”.


-it refers to the quantity of motion that an object has.
Two variables to consider in momentum:
 Mass (how much load is moving)
 Velocity (how fast load is moving)
Momentum is equal to the product of mass and velocity.
Momentum= mass X velocity

It is mathematically expressed as:


p=mX v
where:
p- momentum (kg.m/s), (kg.kph)
m- mass (kg)
v- velocity (m/s), (kph)

The concept of momentum helps us to understand the tendency of moving objects to stop. These are the concepts you
need to remember:
 The faster the object is moving, the greater the momentum.
 The greater the mass of an object, the greater the momentum.
 The greater the momentum the harder the object to change motion or to stop.

If any object of any mass is not moving, it has zero momentum since its velocity is zero.

Sample Problem 1
Consider a cargo truck with a mass of 12,000 kg travelling at a velocity of 30 kph and a small car with a mass of 2,000
kg travelling the same velocity. If the two vehicles suddenly lose their brakes and crash against the wall, which do you
think would be more damaging?

Cargo Truck Small Car


Given: m= 12,000 kg Given: m= 2,000 kg
v= 30 kph v= 30 kph
Unknown: p (momentum) Unknown: p (momentum)
Equation: p= m X v Equation: p= m X v
Solution: p= m X v Solution: p= m X v
p= 12,000 kg X 30 kph p= 2,000 kg X 30 kph
p= 360,000 kg.kph p= 60,000 kg.kph

Sample Problem 2
A child on sled is moving at 3 m/s. the mass of the child and the sled is 90 kg. What is the momentum of the child?

Given: m= 90 kg
v= 3 m/s
Unknown: p
Equation: p= m X v
Solution: p= m X v
p= 90 kg X 3 m/s
p= 270 kg.m/s
Try:
A fat man weighing 80 kg is running at 4 m/s, while a thin man weighing 40 kg is running 10 m/s. Who has a larger
momentum?

Remember this:
Equation to use: if you are looking for… if you know…
p=m X v Momentum mass and velocity
p
m= Mass momentum and velocity
v
p
v= Velocity momentum and mass
m
Sample Problems:

1. A bowling ball whose mass is 4.0 kg is rolling at a rate of 2.5 m/s. What is its momentum?
2. A skateboard is rolling at a velocity of 3.0 m/s with a momentum of 6.0 kg.m/s. What is its mass?
3. A pitcher throws a baseball with a mass of 0.5 kg and a momentum of 10 kg.m/s. What is its velocity?

Any object with momentum is going to be hard to stop. The more momentum that an object has, the harder it is to stop.
To stop such an object, it is necessary to apply a force against its motion for a given period of time. As the force acts
upon the object for a given amount of time, the object’s velocity is changed; and hence, the object’s momentum is
changed. If the force acts opposite the object’s motion, it slows the object down. If a force acts in the same direction as
the object’s motion, then the force speeds the object up. A force will change the velocity of an object. And if the velocity
of the object is changed, then the momentum of the object is change.

Impulse- it means “change of momentum”.


-The impulse experienced by the object equals the change in momentum of the object.
In equation form:
I= (F)(t)/ Δp= (F)(t)
I= Δp
where:
I-Impulse (N.s)
F- Force (Newton or N)
t-time (second or s)
Δp- change in momentum

Sample problem 1
A baseball is struck by a bat with a force of 3,000 N for a duration of 0.05 s. What is the change in momentum of
the baseball?

Given: F= 3,000 N
t= 0.05 s
Unknown: Δp (change in momentum)
Equation: Δp= (F)(t)
Solution: Δp= (F)(t)
Δp= (3,000 N)(0.05 s)
Δp= 150 N.s

Sample Problem 2
A force of 30,000 N is exerted for 4 s on a 95,000 kg mass. What is the impulse of the force for this 4 s?

Given: F= 30,000 N
t= 4 s
m= 95,000 kg
Unknown: I (Impulse)
Equation: I= (F)(t)
Solution: I= (F)(t)
I= (30,000 N)(4 s)
I= 120,000 N.s

Try:
A lady tennis player hits an approaching ball with a force of 750 N. If she hits the ball in 0.002 s, how much impulse is
imparted to the tennis ball?
Activity 1
Reporting Activity

Group 1
Suppose you ride a bus from Iligan City to Cagayan de Oro City. What do you think will happen to the bus after
if it passes along a curvy road?
a. The bus will slow down.
b. The bus will speed up or move faster.
c. The velocity of the bus will not change.
Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Group 2
After passing a curvy road, the bus travels in a straight road. How will you describe the velocity of the bus?
a. it increases
b. it decreases
c. it does not change at all
Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Group 3
There were only 25 passengers in the bus. Along the way, 5 passengers drop at Laguindingan bus stop, and
another 4 passengers dropped-off at Opol bus stop. What can you say about the mass of the bus?
a. it increases
b. it decreases
c. it does not change at all
Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

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