REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Tim Berners-Lee said that he needed a document format and he chose to develop a text-

based standard where the markup controls the structure of the document, its presentation, and the

linking that adds the power of hypertext. The World Wide Web Consortium maintained the

HTML standard. It continues to develop and a lot of different versions and DTDs exist. The files

of HTML are text files that consist of format control codes that are simple ASCII text. HTML

documents are just simply marked up ASCII text files that is consists of special tags. HTML

documents that is based on ASCII text standard is simple and portable (Miller, 2009).

Miller, J., B. (2009). Internet technologies and information services. Libraries Unlimited 99 Post

Road, West Westport.

JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) was derived from the ECMAScript Programming

Language Standard. It is a lightweight, text-based, language-independent data interchange

format. It defines a small set of formatting rules of structured data with the use of portable

representation. JavaScript removes inconsistencies and it repairs specification problems, and

offers experience-based interoperability guidance to the user.

https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?

hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=javascript&btnG=#d=gs_qzbs&u=%23p%3D8AxKaJZBfn8J
CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)

In a campus area network, it can handle multiple buildings in specific are. It is larger than

a local area network (LAN). Most CAN’s are included of several LAN connected through

switches and routers that combine to create a single network. Its operation is similar to LAN.

They can communicate directly thru other systems within the network.

Unlike a wide area network (WAN), a CAN is managed and maintained by a single

object, such as the campus IT team. The network administrators can access the network. They

put firewalls between the CAN and the internet to protect the network from unauthorized access.

A firewall or proxy server may also be used in limiting the user in accessing the website.

The data transfer speeds between systems within the network are frequently higher than

typical Internet speeds because its communication takes place over a Local Area Network.

Therefore, it is easy to share large files to the other users on the network. For example, an upload

of a long video to a colleague over the internet may take several hours, but it may only take few

minutes over a CAN

NOTEPAD

A generic text editor that includes all versions of Microsoft Windows that permits you to

create, open, and read plaintext files. If the file includes special formatting or is not a plaintext

file, it will not be able to be red in Microsoft Notepad.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/notepad.htm

ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

community, it is believed that a natural and easy-to-understand way of conceptualizing the

structure of a database. It can be simply understood by people even if they are non-specialists. It

can be conceptualized easily. ER diagram can also be used to document a database which exist

before by reverse engineering it, but we focus on the main idea of using an ER diagram to model

a to be created database (Bagui & Earp, 2011).

Bagui, S. and Earp, R. (2011). Database Design Using Entity Relationship Diagrams, Second Edition,

United States of America: CRC Press.

DATA NORMALIZATION

Database Normalization is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance

with a series of so-called normal forms in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data

integrity and stated on Ambler, S. W., & Sadalage, P. J. (2006) that increasing the normalization

of the source table will reduce data redundancy within the database. According to Ambler, S.

(2012) Data Normalization’s goals is to reduce or eliminate data redundancies. Thus, database

normalization is very important to application developers. Data normalization allows us to store

information in one place reducing the possibility of inconsistent data. This feature allows us to

easily draw objects to data schema.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/techterms.com/amp/definition/can
A COMPUTERIZED EXAMINTATION FOR DLSU – DASMARINAS (Paguio, Rosas, &

Sunares, 2008)

The study aimed to develop a Computerized Entranced Examination for DLSU –

Dasmarinas to solve the errors of human that takes place during or after checking and tallying of

the entrance examination results. It can reduce time consumed by the person who is rechecking

and re-evaluating the results. This system provides the school accurate and past processing of

examination results.

The proponents of the study have conducted to make this study possible. The research is

supported of survey and questionnaire to enable the proponents to decide according to the

inevitability of the materials and to aid the project. The proponents used Prototyping Model as

their methodology.

Paguio, M, A, C., Rosas, M, F., & Sunares, R, N. (October 2008). A Computerized Entrance

Examination for DLSU – Dasma. Undergraduate thesis: De La Salle – Dasmarinas, Cavite

WEB PROGRAMMING

In late 1995, Marty Hall proposed a new course in computer science at Johns

Hopkins University for the part- time degree program. The idea was to combine the major web-

related topics with Java technology as a unifying theme in a single course called "Distributed

Development on the World Wide Web." Students would look at HTML, Java, HTTP, CGI and

JavaScript programming, with a lot of hands-on projects and no examinations. Marty knew little
about what he was getting into. When the first section was offered in the summer of 1996, the

Java tidal wave broke through the university and the companies represented by the students.

After registration opened, the class was filled. The waiting list included more students than in the

course. Marty received frenzied phone calls from students who insisted that they had to attend

the course. Several local businesses have called for on- site courses.

However, Marty got a rude surprise when he went shopping for texts during the next

semester or two. Despite good books in most of the different areas he wanted to cover, Marty

found that he needed three, four or even five separate books for the overall material to be well

covered. Similarly, Marty constantly switched back and forth among the best of the enormous

stack of books he had accumulated and various online references for his day job. Surely, there

was a better way. Shouldn't it be possible to fit 85 percent of what professional programmers use

in about 35 percent of the space, and get it all in one book? This was the genesis of Core Web

Programming’s first edition. The book was very popular, but the industry has been moving

rapidly since the book was published. Browsers have moved from 3.2 to 4.0 HTML. The Java 2

platform has been released, offering significantly improved performance and graphics libraries

for commercial applications. The result of JSP 1.0 was an explosion of interest in both servlets

and JSP as an alternative to CGI and proprietary solutions such as ASP and ColdFusion. XML

burst onto the scene. The server was the largest application area in the Java programming

language, or even surpassed the desktop. Wow. In addition, since then, demand has only grown.

Although readers clamored for a new edition of the book, Marty had to deal with it alone. Enter

Larry Brown with extensive Java and Web technology development and teaching experience and

special expertise in Java Foundation classes, multi- threaded programming, RMI and Java XML

processing. Larry joined Marty to update the existing material completely to HTML 4, CSS/1,
HTTP 1.1 and Java 2 platform; Replace the CGI sections with servlet 2.2 and JSP 1.1 chapters;

and add completely new swing, Java 2D, and XML processing sections with JAXP, DOM Level

2, SAX 2.0, and XSLT. They even slept a bit along the way (Brown & Hall, 2001).

Title: Core Web Programming

Author: Marty Hall & Larry Brown

Year: 2001

Address: Prentice Hall PTR Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA 2001 ISBN: 0130897930

THE UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE EXAMINATION SYSTEM IN CHINA

There are millions of high school students taking the Chinese national university

entrance exam every year. There is only limited information about the exam is available in the

Western literature even though it shows future of the students. This article cheeks Chinese and

Western reports to provide a latest overview of the exam’s key features, including the

registration and application procedure, exam content/structure, ad use of exam results in

determining entry into the higher education. It also includes an analysis of the exam system’s

limitation, and implication for Chinese and Western educators (Bao, Jin, & Weaver, 2019)

Jigang Bao, Xin Jin, David Weaver, (2019) Profiling the elite middle-age Chinese outbound

travelers: a 3rd wave. Current Issues on Tourism 22:5 pages 561-574

XAMPP stands for cross-platform, Apache, MySQL, PHP and Perl. A simple and

lightweight solution allows the user to create a local web server for testing purposes.

Since XAMPP is cross-platform, it also works on other operating system like, Mac and Linux.

WordPress is not a stand-alone application and requires server software in order to run. XAMPP

provides the necessary environment needed to run WordPress on a local machine.

FISHBONE DIAGRAM

This diagram is also called cause and effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram. It is a

visualization tool for categorizing the potential causes of a problem in order to identify its root

causes. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, a Japanese quality control expert, is credited with inventing the

fishbone diagram. The diagram is used to help employees avoid solutions that merely address the

symptoms of a much larger problem.

A fishbone diagram is useful in brainstorming sessions to focus conversation. After the group

has brainstormed, all the possible causes for a problem, the facilitator helps the group to rate the

potential causes according to their level of importance and diagram a hierarchy. The design of

the diagram looks much like a skeleton of a fish. Fishbone diagrams are typically worked right to

left, with each large "bone" of the fish branching out to include smaller bones containing more

detail.
PHP PROGRAMMING

PHP or a hypertext preprocessor is a general-purpose programming language. PHP is the

most popular programming language in the Web. PHP is an easy to use and a very powerful

programming language and according to Lerdorf, R., Tatroe, K., Kaehms, B., & McGredy, R.

(2002) PHP is initially for web development and still the best programming language for that

task. In creating HTML, you need the PHP parser and a web server to send the documents. PHP

is also capable of generating XML documents, graphics, flash animations, PDF files, and more.

PHP can also run scripts from command line much like other programming languages. PHP is a

very versatile language; PHP can generate any document format. PHP can support PDF files,

GIF, JPG, and PNG images, and Flash movies. PHP has a significant feature of having a wide

range support database. PHP programming is also a better option for programming languages.

According to Atkinson, L., & Suraski, Z. (2004) PHP programming is easier to code and faster to

execute than most programming languages. PHP runs on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh OS X.

In addition, PHP is modifiable that is why PHP has a rich set of functions available.

MYSQL

MySQL is an open source relational database management system. Its architectural

features makes it a have a wide range of purposes. However, in spite of being flexible enough to

work well in very demanding environments, such as web applications, it’s not a very popular

choice for users. Stated in Schwartz, B., Zaitsev, P., & Tkachenko, V. (2012) that MySQL can

power embedded applications, data warehouses, content indexing and delivery software, highly

available redundant systems, online transaction processing (OLTP), and many more. MySQL
also has a feature that separates query processing and other server tasks from data storage and

retrieval. MySQL is very convenient and according to Davies, A., & Fisk, H. (2006) that

MySQL runs on commercial operating systems like Mac OS X, HP-UX, and Windows. MySQL

is also one of the fastest system database system there is, although its design is less complex than

other database systems.

UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a family of graphical notations, backed by single

meta-model, that help in describing and designing software systems, particularly software

systems that are built using the object-oriented style. UML is a few different views that people

have about what makes an effective software engineering process. In the software industry,

Graphical modeling languages have been around there for a long time (Fowler, 2004).

Fowler, M. (2004). UML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Standard Objet Modeling Language

United States of America: Addison Wesley Professional.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE CvSU – COLLEGE OF

CRIMINAL JUSTICE

This study was conducted in Cavite State University (CvSU) to develop a

management information system for one of its colleges, College of Criminal Justice. This study
 aims to help the college to provide an easier process of document keeping and management, and

improve the generation of reports.

Thirty participants evaluated the system, which consists the registrar of each

college of Cavite State University, instructors from the Department of Information Technology

of the College of Engineering and Information Technology, management information system

(MIS) officer from each college, and the college secretary and the dean of the College of

Criminal Justice. The software was evaluated according to several criteria such as functionality,

reliability, usability, maintainability, and portability.

The proponents used the Software development methodology as their

methodology and includes several phases: analyze/planning phase, breakdown priority project

phase, design phase, code/test-debug phase, integration of sub-procedures phase and

test/implementation phase (Rivera & Ruadil, 2014).

REFERENCES

Ambler, S. (2003). Agile Database Techniques: Effective Strategies for the Agile Software

Developer. United States of America: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

Ambler, S. (2012). Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ph/books?

hl=en&lr=&id=HtkKKEzrqb0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Ambler=2003=data=normalizati

on&ots=f0K290VBPz&sig=mPxfsCBwAss1JlSa4DJd4-
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%20normalization&f=false

Ambler, S. W., & Sadalage, P. J. (2006). Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ph/books?

hl=en&lr=&id=fN5Aa_m38vAC&oi=fnd&pg=PT29&dq=related:-

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h4Iv5L8vzVMRIP4k-Q&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Atkinson, L., & Suraski, Z. (2004). Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ph/books?

hl=en&lr=&id=e7D-

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%20programming&f=false

Bagui, S. and Earp, R. (2011). Database Design Using Entity-Relationship Diagrams, Second

Edition. United States of America: CRC Press.

Bao, J., Jin, X., Weaver. D. (2019) Profiling he elite middle-age Chinese outbound travelers: a 3 rd

wave?. Current Issues in Tourism 22:5, pages 561-574.

Brown, L., & Hall, M. (2001). Core Web Programming. Prentice Hall PTR Upper Saddle River,

NJ, USA ©2001 ISBN:0130897930

Campus Area Network. (n.d.). Retrieved from

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Fowler, M. (2004). UML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modeling Language.

United States of America: Addison-Wesley Professional.

Gandy, E. & Stobart, S. (2005). JavaScript: Creating Dynamic Web Pages. United Kingdom:

Lexden Publishing Limited.

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Lerdorf, Tatroe & MacIntyre (2006). Programming PHP. United States of America: Web

Publishing.

Miller, J., B. (2009). Internet technologies and information services. Libraries Unlimited 99 Post

Road, West Westport.

Notepad. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/notepad.htm

Paguio, M, A, C., Rosas, M, F., & Sunares, R, N. (October 2008). A Computerized Entrance

Examination for DLSU-Dasma. Undergraduate thesis: De La Salle University –

Dasmariñas, Dasmariñas, Cavite.

Rivera, M. K. K. M. & Ruadil, J. M. C. (2014). Development of Management Information System

for the CvSU – College of Criminal Justice. Cavite State University – Main Campus,

Indang, Cavite.
Schwartz, B., Zaitsev, P., & Tkachenko, V. (2012). High Performance MySQL: Optimization,

backups, and Replication. United States of America: O’Reilly Media, Inc.

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