MATEC Web of Conferences 260, 02012 (2019) https://doi.org/10.

1051/matecconf/201926002012
ICPSE 2018

Design and Implementation of IoT-based HVAC and Lighting System for

Energy Saving

Hyeonwoo Jang1, Byeongkwan Kang1, Keonhee Cho1, Kyu hee Jang1 and Sehyun Park1
1
School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ. Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea

Abstract. Building Energy Management System(BEMS) technology is under study as one of the various solutions to
environmental problems such as depletion of energy resources, global warming, and climate change. Solving the
energy problems of the future BEMS is not the only goal. Occupants must be guaranteed a comfortable environment.
HVAC systems and lighting systems are a large part of building energy consumption, which also means that it is an
important part of energy conservation. In this paper, we propose IoT-based HVAC and Lighting(I-HVAC&L) system
for HVAC system and lighting system management. With I-HVAC&L System, you can save energy efficiency
without compromising the convenience of residents'.

1 Introduction diagnosis of HVAC systems. Preglej et al. [3] proposed a

method to control the HVAC system through a fuzzy
Since the Industrial Revolution, industrial development, model based on the multivariate prediction. The proposed
technology development, and population growth have method was implemented in the actual test site, resulting
increased energy consumption around the world. This in a 44% reduction in energy consumption. Alessandro
causes environmental problems such as depletion of Beghi et al. [4] proposed a system to predict the cooling
energy resources, global warming, and climate change. load of an HVAC system using an artificial neural
Global energy consumption is increasing day by day, and network (ANN) to minimize energy consumption.
due to the limited energy resources, the energy problem Currently, a lot of research is being done to save the
has become a hot topic all over the world with efforts energy consumed by HVAC systems in various aspects.
being made to develop new alternative energy. Recently,
buildings are becoming larger, and heating and cooling, Lighting systems not only provide a basic visual
lighting, and ventilation systems are increasingly used. environment for occupants, but also have a significant
This is expected to increase the amount of energy used in impact on human health, work efficiency, and building
buildings. According to the International Energy Agency energy consumption. Today, many people spend most of
(IEA), the energy consumption of buildings is the most their day indoors. Therefore, it is important to create a
energy consuming in the world and predicts that by 2050, comfortable visual environment to improve the living
it will increase by 50%. Considering that energy used in environment of the occupants and improve the efficiency
buildings and energy used in lighting systems and HVAC of work. In addition, unnecessary lighting energy needs
systems make up a large part of building energy to be reduced. Siriporn Bannamas et al. [5] proposed an
consumption, the economic impact that can be gained by intelligent lighting energy management system. The
reducing the energy used is large. system manages the lighting energy through six control
functions such as occupancy control, time planning,
HVAC systems (Heating, Ventilation and Air daylight control, job control, personal control and
Conditioning) means for heating, ventilation, and air variable power cut-off. Ivan Chew et al. [6] designed an
conditioning. The main purpose of the HVAC system is energy-saving controller that processes the data received
to create a pleasant environment by adjusting the four from the sensor and controls the brightness of the light. It
elements of air conditioning (temperature, humidity, air is noteworthy that the brightness of the light is controlled
flow, cleanliness) to the person or goods to suit the via feedback. Chun Yin et al. [7] proposed a method of
purpose. Dezfouli et al. [1] proposed applying a high- minimizing energy consumption by individually
efficiency motor to an HVAC system using a large manipulating the brightness of various lighting devices.
number of motors. They found that by using high- Furkan Hasan Sakaci et al. [8] proposed a method of
efficiency motors, energy savings could be achieved. reducing energy consumption by applying fuzzy logic
Long Chang et al. [2] proposed a cloud-based intelligent control to the lighting system with the number of people
classification algorithm for efficient fault detection and in the space and intensity of sunlight reaching the space

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
MATEC Web of Conferences 260, 02012 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926002012
ICPSE 2018

as parameters. Wan Norsyafizan W. Muhamad et al. [9] system and device is connected to an IoT-based device
proposed a system that improves energy efficiency by for control. An IoT-based device consists of a smart
determining the minimum number of lights required at a electronic switch and a remote controller and collects
specific location without compromising the quality of the data such as control and energy usage and current
lighting. Increasing energy efficiency without operating status of the devices. The IoT-based device is
compromising user convenience is a must for lighting connected to the gateway and sends and receives control
systems. In order to save energy, the lighting system is signals and data. The sensor box collects temperature,
undergoing much research on the brightness and humidity, illumination and air quality data (CO2, CO,
scheduling of the lighting. PM10, VOC, etc.) inside and outside of the building to be
used to control the HVAC system and lighting system.
The main goal of the building is to provide shelter to The gateway connects to the sensor box and IoT-based
residents and create a comfortable environment. This device through Zigbee communication and stores the
means that you need to provide a pleasant environment device information and the data collected from the sensor
for your residents while reducing building energy. If the box in the database. The ICM connects to all gateways in
residents are not provided with a comfortable the building through the network and stores and manages
environment, they can take the traditional approach rather the data stored in the gateways in the database. The ICM
than the energy saving method. In this paper, we propose can also provide customized services based on sensor
an I-HVAC&L System that manages and controls the data per gateway installed. Administrators can analyze
HVAC and lighting system, which occupies a large part the operation of the system through the monitoring
of the building energy consumption, by combining IoT function of the interface and establish an energy
technology. The I-HVAC&L System based on the IoT management policy. The central management unit also
network environment manages the HVAC system and the has the capability to detect abnormalities of the devices
lighting system according to the environmental and notify the manager in the event of an error. This
information acquired by the space. feature allows administrators to quickly recognize and
respond to device anomalies.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows.
Section 2 introduces the architecture for the proposed
system in paper and also introduces sequence diagrams
for setting up, operating, and creating energy
management policies for the system. Section 3 discusses
the implementation of the proposed system hardware and
software and experimental results. Finally, conclusions
and future studies are presented in Section 4.

2 System architecture

Figure 2. Sequence of system setting.

Figure 2 shows the system setup sequence. As shown

in the figure, the connection between each device is
performed first. Then the IoT-based device in the
gateway and ICM are registered. The ICM provides web-
based and mobile interfaces to administrators.
Administrators can set up an energy management policy
in accordance with the indoor air quality (IAQ) and finish
through it.

Figure 3 shows the system operating sequence. The

Figure 1. Overview of System Architecture. system automates the operation of the system by
comparing the indoor and outdoor air and illuminance
Figure 1 shows an overview of the proposed system. The information collected in real time with the administrator
proposed system consists of the device, sensor box, IoT- setting energy management policy set up previously. The
Device, gateway and intelligent central manager (ICM). automated operation can improve user convenience and
The device consists of an HVAC system consisting of a energy efficiency. To automate the lighting system, make
ventilation and air conditioning system and a lighting sure that the amount of light currently in the room meets

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MATEC Web of Conferences 260, 02012 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926002012
ICPSE 2018

the level set by the administrator. Compare the indoor

and outdoor illumination data and reduce the brightness
of the lighting if the outside is brighter than the inside.
Also, if there are no people in the area, reduce the
brightness. This follows the policies set by the
administrator so that you can conserve Lighting energy
consumption without compromising user comfort.
Compare temperature and humidity data collected in real
time for automation of HVAC systems with policies set
by the administrator. After that, the air conditioning
system is activated based on the comparison to maintain
the desired temperature and humidity conditions. In
addition, if the room air is contaminated, the system
automatically activates the ventilation system to purify
the air. At the same time, it reports the air pollution
information and the ventilation system operation
information to the manager in real time. This allows the
administrator to know why the ventilation system started
to operate at that specific time. It is also designed to
report to the administrator in real time when a device
failure is detected. This allows the administrator to know
what is wrong with the device and to check the device to
take appropriate action.
Figure 4. Sequence of energy management policy creation.

3 Implementation
We have verified the energy-saving efficiency of the I-
HVAC&L system by building a pilot testbed
environment in the actual building. The testbed building
is three rooms in Chun-Ang University. Each room is
equipped with a single gateway to control the HVAC
system and lighting system in the room. An IoT-based
device consists of a smart electronic switch and a remote
controller and performs the functions mentioned in the
system architecture. The sensor box is also installed on
each room and roof to measure room temperature,
humidity, illumination and air quality.

Figure 3. The sequence of system operation.

Figure 4 shows the energy management policy

creation sequence. As shown in the figure, the ICM
analyses energy consumption. Administrators monitor
IAQ information, system operation information, and Figure 5. Hardware of the proposed system.
energy consumption analysis information through the
service interface. Based on this information, you set up
scheduling rules, IAQ management rules, user-optimized Figure 5 shows the prototype of the proposed I-
temperature, humidity and roughness management rules. HVAC&L system. The gateway consists of Raspberry
This allows users to flexibly provide feedback regarding Pi3 and Zigbee based on the open source IoT platform.
energy management policies. The sensor box consists of an 8-bit microcontroller unit

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ICPSE 2018

(MCU), various sensors, and a Zigbee module. The MCU of the test bed was reduced by about 11.2% compared to
collects the aforementioned data through various sensors. the existing installed system. Applying the proposed
And it communicates with the Gateway using Zigbee. system to various buildings is expected to contribute to
The gateway sends and receives data to and from the reducing energy consumption. Future research will be
ICM over the Internet. We have also developed user carried out on how to elaborate user-customized services
applications for the management and control of I- by analysing Bigdata based on collected environmental
HVAC&L systems. Figure 6 is the user application. data.

Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Korea Institute of
Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)
and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE) of
the Republic of Korea (No. 20172010000470), and this
research was supported by the MSIT(Ministry of Science
and ICT), Korea, under the ITRC(Information
Technology Research Center) support program(IITP-
2018-2014-1-00636) supervised by the IITP(Institute for
Information & communications Technology Promotion),
and this work was supported by the Human Resources
Figure 6. User application. Development(No.20174030201810) of the Korea
Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and
Planning(KETP) grant funded by the Korea government
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy.

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