8

English
Quarter 3 – Weeks 1 - 4
8
English
Quarter 3 – Module 1
Examining Author’s Biases
English – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Examining Author’s Biases
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education-Schools Division of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Kathreene Joyce O. Dadero

Editor: Eden F. Samadan

Reviewers: Gizelle V. Laud; Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Layout Artists: Kathreene Joyce O. Dadero; Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Gizelle V. Laud
Education Program Supervisor, English

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]

1
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
examining statements as facts or opinions. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Examine biases (for or against) made by the author
2. Differentiate facts and opinions
3. Identify whether statements are facts or opinions
4. Compose paragraphs that contain facts and opinions

What I Know

Read each item carefully, then choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is the purpose of a persuasive text?
A. To inform C. To entertain
B. To convince D. To tell a story
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about persuasive texts?
A. A persuasive essay presents points of argument.
B. A persuasive essay is built on a thesis statement.
C. A persuasive essay uses negative and strong evasive words.
D. A persuasive essay tackles a debatable issue from which different
viewpoints arise.
3. Which of the following is the part of a persuasive text where the thesis statement
is stated either at the beginning or end of the paragraph?
A. Argument C. Conclusion
B. Body D. Introduction
4. This is the part of a persuasive essay where you restate the main point of your
essay and give a quick recap of the main points of the essay.
A. Argument C. Conclusion
B. Body D. Introduction
5. The part of the persuasive essay where your arguments are presented and
developed through evidence, such as statistics or facts, is the ________.
A. Argument C. Conclusion
B. Body D. Introduction
6. Which of the following statements is a fact?
A. Makati City is the best city in Metro Manila.
B. Makati City is the business capital of the Philippines.
C. All cities in the Philippines should be like Makati City.
D. The standard for excellence in administration must be Makati City.

1
 7. Which of the following statements is an opinion?
A. The most beautiful planet is Neptune.
B. The planet closest to the sun is Mercury.
C. The sun is the center of the Solar System.
D. The planet with the greatest number of moons is Saturn
8. The following statements describe a fact, except:
A. A thing known or proven to be true
B. A statement that has an element of preference
C. The truth about events as opposed to interpretation
D. A piece of information presented as having objective reality
9. The following statements describe an opinion, except:
A. A statement of advice
B. A view or judgment about a particular matter
C. A truth known by actual experience or observation
D. The beliefs or views of a number of people about a particular thing
10. Which of the following is true about facts and opinions?
A. Facts and opinions are the same.
B. Opinions may be considered as facts.
C. Facts may be used to support an opinion.
D. Opinions can make facts false or irrelevant.

What’s In

In Quarter 1 Module 5, we studied persuasive essays. Using your prior knowledge,

complete the paragraph and fill in the blanks with the correct words from the box below.

convince effective argument thesis conviction

direct debatable agree positive evidence

A persuasive essay or speech aims to __________ the reader or listener to

__________ with the writer’s or speaker’s viewpoint or to take a particular action
regarding an issue. A persuasive essay tackles a __________ issue from which different
viewpoints arise. The issue can be examined, explored, or discussed from different
angles. A persuasive essay is built on a __________ statement which expresses the
writer’s position on the issue at hand. A persuasive essay also presents points of
__________. Each argument in a persuasive essay explains or clarifies the thesis
statement. Supporting __________ include reasons, facts, and statistics. Adding facts to
back-up your opinion makes your persuasive writing more credible and __________.
Lastly, a persuasive essay uses __________ and strong __________ words. These words
are used to create statements with __________.

2
 What’s New

Look at the picture and answer the questions that follow.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Great-Wall-of-China

What are the things that you observe in the picture? List at least five statements below.

1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________________

Given the statements that you wrote, which ones do you think may be considered facts
and opinions? Write the sentences in the table below.

FACTS OPINIONS

32
 What is It

We encounter facts and opinions every day, and we may or may not be aware of
it. Whenever we see news on the television or over the internet, we make use of facts
and opinions as we process the information presented to us. Facts and opinions,
although often used together, have a huge difference depending on how valid the
statement is.

Points of
Comparison Fact Opinion

Statement or information that

Statement based on a
Definition can be verified or proven to be
judgement or belief.
true.

Observation Assumption
Basis Research Preference
Actual Occurrence Personal View

Type of Statement Objective Subjective

May change from one person to

Scope Universal another

In other words, facts are objective statements which can be verified or proven by
evidences based on observation, research, or actual occurrences. Facts are universally
accepted information which cannot be debated upon.
Examples:
● Beijing is the capital of China.
● China has a population of around 1.4 billion people.
● The Great Wall of China can be found in the northern part of China.
On the other hand, opinions are subjective statements of judgement or belief about
certain matters. Because they are based on assumptions, preferences or personal views,
they may be debatable and vary from one person to another.
Examples:
● Beijing is the most beautiful destination in China.
● China needs to control their population of around 1.4 billion people.
● The Great Wall of China is the greatest historical landmark in the world.

4
2
 What’s More

Activity 1: Read the paragraphs below. Using a highlighter, mark the facts and opinions
presented by the author. You may assign your own color coding to identify factual and
opinion statements.
• Facts • Opinions

Beijing is a good place to travel for educating youth to learn about Chinese
culture, which combines their latest achievements with ancient history. As it is known
to all, Beijing is the capital of China, which has been acting as the Chinese political,
economic, cultural, and educational center for a long time. In addition, Beijing provides
a wide range of modern and ancient places for family trips including the Beijing Great
Wall, the Forbidden City, the Beijing Olympic Stadium, and Hou Hai Bar Street.
(“Beijing Travel Guide”)
If you want to learn about the Chinese history, come to visit Chinese ancient
buildings first. Chinese buildings not only have their unique characteristics, but were
also built for different purposes from each other. As time passes by, the Great Wall
has become the symbol of China, since it played an important role of defending
invasions through Chinese history. In fact, the purpose of construction of the Great
Wall was to defend the invader from the north of China hundreds years ago. It is said
that the Great Wall is the only building that can be seen from outer space. It’s really a
fantastic place to travel for the youth, which let tourists feel the ancient Chinese
wisdom and daring in this great architecture. On one hand, parents could educate
their children about the world out of America. On the other hand, they could take a
really valuable trip since the price of visit is not expensive at all. Moreover, there are
also several Chinese ancient buildings to travel like the Forbidden City, the Summer
Place and the Temple of Heaven. (“Beijing Travel Guide”)
In the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing showed the world something so special that
everyone was surprised by Beijing's hi-tech elements combined with its ancient
culture. If you only know that Beijing has a long history, you have just touched a part
of Beijing. Beijing has changed a lot in these years; the development of Beijing has
been happening at a high speed. Modern Beijing will give you a big shock when you
arrive there; many hi-tech buildings have been constructed over the years in Beijing.
For instance, the Beijing National Stadium, also being called the bird's nest, was the
main stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics, which hosted the unforgettable
Opening and Closing ceremonies. Many new technologies are used in the building; it
looks outstanding no matter inside and outside. People could see a huge bird nest in
a distance, which actually was built by steel bars. What a wonderful shape it has!
Likewise, the unique outer side, the inside of the bird’s nest, is also integral multi-
technologies. Try to imagine you are in a huge bird’s nest, when you go into the Beijing
National Stadium. Therefore, youth travelers will see the advanced technologies and
get the special feeling here. For parents, you don’t need to worry about your children,
because the Beijing National Stadium is not only absolutely safe but has a completely
special fun place.
Beijing has so many places for travelers to visit, which succeed to Beijing’s
traditional culture and develop their own characteristics. It is not only an ancient and
mysterious one but also a modern and advanced one. Most importantly, Beijing is a
wonderful place for family travel that well-combined the two faces of Beijing and China.
Family Travel to Beijing by Diyang Qiu,
https://www.kedu/elp/lab/Persuasive%20Essays_allTogether3.pdf

52
Activity 2: Look at the pictures below. Research and write down two facts about each
topic. Do not forget to cite your sources. Then, write two statements on your opinion
about each one.

Facts:

Opinions:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/34668374

Facts:

Opinions:

https://www.imoa.ph/people-can-defend-west-
philippine-sea/

Facts:

Opinions:

https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/1/11/Duterte
own-COVID-19-vaccine-China-Russia.html

62
 What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the words that highlight the differences between facts and
opinions.

objective
Facts are __________ statements, while opinions are
__________ statements.
subjective

debatable
Facts are __________ information, while opinions are
__________ views.
universal

assumptions
Facts are based on __________ and observation, while
opinions are based on __________ and personal beliefs.
research

What I Can Do

Create a short persuasive essay on the topic “Keeping a Balanced Life in the New
Normal.” Identify the facts and opinions in each paragraph by highlighting them. Use
a separate sheet, if necessary. You may assign your own color coding in the boxes below.

Facts Opinions
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

7
2
 Assessment

Read each item carefully. Identify whether the sentence is a FACT or an OPINION. Write
your answer on the space provided before each item.
__________1. The Forbidden City, a palace complex in Beijing, contains about
9,000 rooms.
__________2. China’s Leshan Giant Buddha, a gigantic stone statue, has 5.5-m-
long eyebrows.
__________3. The Terracotta Army is a set of around 8,000 clay soldiers built in
Xi’an to guard an Emperor’s tomb.
__________4. China is the country with the largest population.
__________5. China had the most significant contributions among the ancient
civilizations.
__________6. China is the third largest country by area in the world.
__________7. As the factory of the world, China produces the best quality of
concrete, steel, and other materials.
__________8. China has the best transportation system compared to its
neighboring countries.
__________9. There are officially 56 ethnic groups in China.
__________10. China is an amazing destination for tourists.

28
8
English
Quarter 3 – Module 2
Analyzing Propaganda Techniques
English – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Analyzing Propaganda Techniques
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education-Schools Division of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Kathreene Joyce O. Dadero

Editor: Eden F. Samadan

Reviewers: Gizelle V. Laud; Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Layout Artists: Kathreene Joyce O. Dadero; Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Gizelle V. Laud
Education Program Supervisor, English

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
analyzing propaganda techniques. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Analyze intention of words or expressions used in propaganda techniques
2. Define the different propaganda techniques
3. Identify propaganda techniques used in posters or advertisements
4. Create a simple advertisement using propaganda techniques

What I Know

Read each item carefully, then choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Messages that are carefully designed to influence our opinions and behavior are
called ________.
A. Advertisement C. Propaganda
B. Commercial D. Technique
2. The propaganda technique that is used to create a prejudice against oppositions
is called ________.
A. Plain Folk C. Card Stacking
B. Name Calling D. Glittering Generalities
3. The propaganda technique that shows common people that majority can relate
to is ________.
A. Plain Folk C. Card Stacking
B. Name Calling D. Glittering Generalities
4. The propaganda technique that mentions all the positive qualities of the idea or
item presented is called ________.
A. Plain Folk C. Card Stacking
B. Name Calling D. Glittering Generalities
5. This propaganda technique creates an idea that the majority of the people are
already supporting a certain cause or product.
A. Bandwagon C. Card Stacking
B. Testimonial D. Glittering Generalities
6. This propaganda technique creates an association between influential people and
the idea being presented.
A. Bandwagon C. Card Stacking
B. Testimonial D. Glittering Generalities

1
7. The propaganda technique that uses slogans to attract an audience is called
________.
A. Bandwagon C. Card Stacking
B. Testimonial D. Glittering Generalities
8. Which of the following propaganda techniques is used in the advertisement
below?

A. Bandwagon C. Card Stacking

B. Testimonial D. Glittering Generalities
9. Which of the following propaganda techniques is used in the advertisement
below?

A. Bandwagon C. Plain Folk

B. Testimonial D. Glittering Generalities
10. Which of the following propaganda techniques is used in the advertisement
below?

A. Bandwagon C. Plain Folk

B. Testimonial D. Name Calling

2
 What’s In

We are all consumers, whether it is of food, products, or information. As consumers, we

have the power to choose which items or ideas we will use. This is why producers or
creators need to convince us to subscribe to what they offer to us.
Imagine that you are in a grocery store, and you are going to buy shampoo, what are
the things that you consider before buying a specific product? List them down below.
1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________________
While choosing a product, did you happen to think about advertisements or
commercials that you saw on the television or the internet, or heard over the radio?
Were you able to recall the information presented in those ads?

What’s New

Look at the following shampoo advertisements, then answer the questions that follow.

● If you were to choose one of the four shampoo products, which one would you
choose and why?
● Based on the advertisements, which information helped you decide which one to
choose and which ones not to choose?
● Do you think that commercials or advertisements are helpful? Why or why not?

3
 What is It

Propaganda are messages that are carefully designed to influence the opinions,
emotions, attitudes, and behavior of an audience. These messages aim to convince us
to believe in something or to do something in the favor of those who presented the
information.
PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES

● Bandwagon
This technique is used in reference
to a cause, product, etc. that is currently
popular and attracting increasing support
on the premise that majority are already
supporting the said cause or product.

● Name Calling
This technique is characterized by
the use of offensive or negative
descriptions against competitors to
convince the audience to reject other
options.

● Glittering Generalities
This technique uses emotionally
appealing statements in the form of
catchy slogans associated with values,
beliefs, or ideals.

● Card Stacking
This technique seeks to limit the
audience’s perception of a product or idea
by presenting only the information that
are positive or in favor of the said product
or idea.

4
 ● Testimonial
This technique associates a
respected and influential celebrity or
public figure to a product or cause to
convince their followers or fans to support
the product or cause as well.

● Plain Folk
This technique presents the speaker
as a common or average person to whom
the audience can relate since the speaker
can empathize with and understand
common people.

There are other types of propaganda techniques used by commercials,

advertisements and campaigns, but these are some of the most common ones that we
see on television or print ads. Which one do you see often?

What’s More

Activity 1: Find five (5) posters or advertisements on the internet, magazine, or

newspapers and paste them on the space provided below. Identify the propaganda
technique/s used in each of them.

Poster/Advertisement Propaganda Technique/s

1.

2.

3.

5
 4.

5.

What I Have Learned

Which key words help you remember the meaning of the propaganda techniques you
learned in this module? Use the table below to summarize what you have learned.

Propaganda Technique Key Words

Bandwagon

Name Calling

Glittering Generalities

Card Stacking

Testimonial

Plain Folk

What I Can Do

Look around your house and find a product or item that you always use. Create a poster
or video advertisement of this product using a combination of at least two of the
propaganda techniques that you have learned.

6
 Assessment

Read each item carefully, then choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Messages that are carefully designed to influence our opinions and behavior are
called ________.
A. Advertisement C. Propaganda
B. Commercial D. Technique
2. This propaganda technique which shows that a cause is popular because the
majority already supports it is called ________.
A. Bandwagon C. Card Stacking
B. Testimonial D. Glittering Generalities
3. The propaganda technique that uses slogans related to values, beliefs, and ideals
is called ________.
A. Bandwagon C. Card Stacking
B. Testimonial D. Glittering Generalities
4. This propaganda technique chooses influential celebrities or public figures to be
an ambassador for a product or cause to encourage people’s support.
A. Bandwagon C. Card Stacking
B. Testimonial D. Glittering Generalities
5. The propaganda technique that shows a speaker as an average person who can
understand and relate to common people is ________.
A. Plain Folk C. Card Stacking
B. Name Calling D. Glittering Generalities
6. The propaganda technique that makes use of negative and derogatory words to
create an overall dislike against an opposing product or idea is ________.
A. Plain Folk C. Card Stacking
B. Name Calling D. Glittering Generalities
7. The propaganda technique that presents only the positive information related to
an idea or product is called ________.
A. Plain Folk C. Card Stacking
B. Name Calling D. Glittering Generalities
8. Which of the following propaganda techniques is used in the advertisement
below?

A. Bandwagon C. Plain Folk

B. Testimonial D. Name Calling

7
9. Which of the following propaganda techniques is used in the advertisement
below?

A. Bandwagon C. Card Stacking

B. Testimonial D. Name Calling
10. Which of the following propaganda techniques is used in the advertisement
below?

A. Bandwagon C. Plain Folk

B. Testimonial D. Glittering Generalities

8
8
English
Quarter 3 – Module 3
Determining Issues Discussed
in the Text Listened To
English – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Determining Issues Discussed in the Text Listened To
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education-Schools Division of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Kathreene Joyce O. Dadero

Editor: Eden F. Samadan

Reviewers: Gizelle V. Laud; Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Layout Artists: Kathreene Joyce O. Dadero; Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Gizelle V. Laud
Education Program Supervisor, English

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]

2
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you determine
issues discussed in the texts listened to. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Determine various social, moral, and economic issues discussed in the text
listened to
2. Use note-taking skills to write important details of a persuasive speech listened
to
3. Create an outline for a speech about various social, moral, and/or economic
issues

What I Know

Read each item carefully, then choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is not an author’s purpose?
A. To inform C. To describe
B. To correct D. To persuade
2. What is the author’s purpose in this text?
Last week, my family and I went on a vacation to a private resort in
Batangas. We spent two days in the resort bonding over food, stories, and
swimming.
A. To inform C. To persuade
B. To describe D. To tell a story
3. What is the author’s purpose in this text?
The government should take on measures to quickly procure equipment
and materials to improve the quality of education in the middle of this pandemic
crisis.
A. To inform C. To persuade
B. To describe D. To tell a story
4. Which of the following is not true about note-taking?
A. You need to note keywords or phrases.
B. You should know the speaker’s purpose.
C. You have to write all the words you listen to.
D. You must use outlines or charts to summarize information.
5. The following may be used in taking notes, except:
A. Outline C. Full transcript
B. Abbreviation D. Graphic organizer

3
 What’s In

While watching or listening to a speech, a news report, and the like, what do you
usually do? Do you listen to the speaker carefully? Do you try to remember the details
by simply committing them to memory, or do you get a paper and pen to note them?
Which do you think would be more effective in making sure you have all the important
information?

What’s New

Watch and listen to “How to Build a Resilient Future Using Ancient Wisdom” by Julia
Watson, and fill in the graphic organizer that follows.

https://www.ted.com/talks/julia_watson_how_to_build_a_resilient_future_using_ancient_wisdom

4
2
 What is It

Indigenous Technologies

Khasi Ma'dān Calcutta Tofinu Australia

When listening to a speech or reading a text, it is easy to forget some of the

important details if we do not take note of them. Note-taking requires focus and speed
in order to make sure that no necessary information is missed.

In order to properly take down notes, one must consider the following pointers:
1. Determine the purpose of the author or speaker.
Knowing the author or speaker’s purpose allows us to identify in advance
which details to write down.
● Narrative – to tell a story or recount events
● Descriptive – to provide details about something based on how it looks,
sounds, smells, tastes, or feels
● Persuasive – to convince the audience to believe in an idea or to take a
certain course of action
● Expository – to provide information or educate

2. Utilize keywords, abbreviations, or symbols.

Listening to a speech or reading a text is usually bound by time. In order
to keep up, we must only write important terminologies and key words or
phrases.
Here are some symbols and abbreviations that you may use:

Symbol Meaning Abbreviation Meaning

↑ Increase ASAP As soon as possible
↓ Decrease b/c Because
→ Leads to or results in b/w Between
@ At gov. or gov/t Government

5
3
 & And edu. or educ Education
? Question e.g. For example
~ Approximately et. al. And others
# Number etc. And so on
Important re: Regarding or about
Therefore w/ With
Because w/o Without

3. Use outlines or graphic organizers.

Writing the details takes time if we are to write every word, that is why we
need to summarize the information using outlines or graphic organizers. This will
also allow us to review the notes in an organized manner later.
Outlines are helpful to see the structure of the speech or essay, especially
if the key points and the examples, explanations, or illustrations are well
established.
Graphic organizers are useful for seeing the relationship between and
among the details presented in the speech or text.

What’s More

Activity 1: Read this transcript of “How to Build a Resilient Future Using Ancient
Wisdom” by Julia Watson, and fill in the following table based on the details in the text.
When you imagine the architectural wonders of the world, what do you see?
The greatness of the Pyramids of Giza or maybe the amazing aqueducts of Ancient
Rome? Both of these are amazing feats of human innovation.
As an architect, I've often wondered why do we monumentalize the ancient
wonders of civilizations that collapsed such a long time ago? I've traveled the world
studying ancient innovation, and what I've found are Indigenous technologies from
living cultures that are still in use. And some of these cultures you may have never
heard of. They live in the most remote places on earth, facing environmental extremes
like desert drought and frequent flooding for generations.
A couple of years ago, I traveled to northern India to a place overlooking the
plains of Bangladesh where the Khasi people live in a forest that receives more rainfall
than anywhere else on earth. And during the monsoon season, travel between villages
is cut off by these floods, which transform this entire landscape from a forested canopy
into isolated islands. This hill tribe has evolved living root bridges that are created by
guiding and growing tree roots that you can barely wrap your arms around through a
carefully woven scaffolding. Multiple generations of the Khasi men and the women
and the children, they'll take care of these roots as they grow to the other side of that
bank, where they're then planted to make a structure that will get stronger with age.
This 1,500-year-old tradition of growing living root bridges has produced 75 of these
incredible structures. And while they take 50 years to grow, in this landscape they
actually last for centuries.
All across the globe, I've seen cultures who have been living with floods for
thousands of years by evolving these ancient technologies that allow them to work

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with the water. In the southern wetlands of Iraq, which are formed by the confluence
of the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, a unique, water-based civilization lives. For
6,000 years, the Maʿdān have floated villages on man-made islands that are
constructed from a single species of reed that grows around them.
And the Qasab reed is integral to every aspect of life. It is food for water buffalo,
flour for humans and building material for these biodegradable, buoyant islands and
their cathedral-like houses that they construct in as little as three days. And this dried
Qasab reed, it can be bundled into columns, it can be woven into floors or roofs or
walls, and it can also be twisted into a rope that's used to bind these buildings without
the use of any nails. The Maʿdān villages are constructed in the marsh, as they have
been for generations, on islands that stay afloat for over 25 years.
Although global attention is focused on the pandemic, cities are still sinking
and sea levels are still rising. And high-tech solutions are definitely going to help us
solve some of these problems, but in our rush towards the future, we tend to forget
about the past.
In other parts of the world, where rivers are contaminated with sewage, a city
of 15 million people cleans its waste water with its flood plains. On the edges of
Calcutta, flanked by a smoking escarpment of the city's trash and ribboned by its
highways, an Indigenous technology of 300 fish ponds cleans its water while
producing its food. And through a combination of sunshine and sewage and a
symbiosis between algae and bacteria, the wastewater is broken down. Fish ponds
continue this cleaning of the water in a process that takes around 30 days.
And this innovation, it's not just a model for chemical and coal-power-free
purification. Since Calcutta's core has no formal treatment, it's the city's only way of
cleaning the water downstream before it enters the Bay of Bengal. What I find so
unbelievable about this infrastructure is that as cities across the world in Asia and in
Europe begin to replicate this exact system, Calcutta is now struggling to save it from
being displaced by development.
And then to deal with flooding in a completely other way, the Tofinu tribe has
developed the largest lake city in Africa. Ganvié, meaning "We survived," is built of
stilted houses that are organized around a canal system that you can navigate by
dugout canoe. And the royal square stands amongst 3,000 stilted buildings that
include a post office, a bank, a mosque and even a couple of bars that are all
surrounded by 12,000 individual fish paddocks, or mangrove acadjas. This chemical-
free artificial reef covers almost half of the lagoon and feeds one million people that
are living around it.
What amazes me is that while an individual acadia is pretty insignificant, when
it's multiplied by 12,000, it creates an Indigenous technology the scale of industrial
aquaculture, which is the greatest threat to our mangrove ecosystems ... but this
technology -- it builds more biodiversity than before.
Just earlier this year, when I was back home in Australia, the craziest thing
happened. The burned ash from the bushfires surrounding Sydney rained down on
us on Bondi Beach. And worried about carbon emissions -- not viral transmissions --
we were already wearing masks. The air was so choked by a plume of smoke that was
so big that it reached as far away as New Zealand. Then in the midst of these wildfires,
which were the worst we'd ever seen on record, something unexpected happened, but
incredibly amazing. The ancestral lands in Australia, where Indigenous fire-stick
farming was practiced, were saved as these fires raged around them. And these
ancient forests -- they survived because of seasonal, generational burning, which is
an Aboriginal practice of lighting small, slow and cool fires.
So though wildfires are a natural disaster, as a consequence of climate change,
they're also man-made. And what's so amazing about this is we have the ancient
technology that we know can help prevent them, and we've used it for thousands of

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years. And what I find so fascinating about these technologies is how complex they
are and how attuned they are to nature. And then, how resilient we could all become
by learning from them.
Too often when we are faced with a crisis, we build walls in defense. I'm an
architect, and I've been trained to seek solutions in permanence -- concrete, steel,
glass -- these are all used to build a fortress against nature. But my search for ancient
systems and Indigenous technologies has been different. It's been inspired by an idea
that we can seed creativity in crisis.
We have thousands of years of ancient knowledge that we just need to listen
to and allow it to expand our thinking about designing symbiotically with nature. And
by listening, we'll only become wiser and ready for those 21st-century challenges that
we know will endanger our people and our planet. And I've seen it. I know that it's
possible.

https://www.ted.com/talks/julia_watson_how_to_build_a_resilient_future_using_ancient_wisdom/transcript

Purpose

Topic

Main Idea

Issues/Instances
Discussed

Activity 2: Listen to a news report on the television, radio, or the internet. Take note of
the details of the report by filling in the table below.

Report Title

Reporter

Report Source

Issues Presented

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 What I Have Learned

Answer this exit slip about this module.

Three Tips in
Note-Taking

Two Ways to Apply

Note-Taking in Daily
Life

One Question I Have

About Note-Taking

What I Can Do

Imagine that you are invited to be a speaker of a Youth Conference on the topic
“Becoming a Responsible Citizen of the Internet.” Create a topic outline with at least
three tips on becoming a responsible internet citizen. Provide examples or illustrations.
______________________________________
Title I. Introduction
A. __________________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________________________
II. Body
A. __________________________________________________________________
i. ____________________________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________________
i. ____________________________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________________________
i. ____________________________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________________________

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7
III. Conclusion
A. __________________________________________________________________
B. __________________________________________________________________
C. __________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Read each item carefully, then choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is true about note-taking?
A. Write all the words you listen to.
B. Refrain from using abbreviations and symbols.
C. Do not consider the author or speaker’s purpose.
D. Summarize information using outlines or graphic organizers.
2. The following may be used in taking notes, except:
A. outline C. abbreviation
B. symbols D. full transcript
3. Which of the following abbreviations is used to mean “example”?
A. em. C. e.g.
B. etc. D. et.al
4. What is the author’s purpose in this text?
It was such a beautiful sunset with a myriad of purples and blues. The
cold sea breeze brushes against my face as I hear the laughter of the children
running along the shore. I felt a certain warmth within me as I am overcome by
a feeling of peace.
A. to inform C. to persuade
B. to describe D. to tell a story
5. What issue is being discussed in this text?
Because of the pandemic, many businesses have closed down. As a
result, not only business owners have lost a source of living, but also employees
who relied on wages from working in these businesses.
A. economic C. political
B. moral D. social

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8
8
English
Quarter 3 – Module 4
Analyzing Literary Texts
English – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Analyzing Literary Texts
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education-Schools Division of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Kathreene Joyce O. Dadero

Editor: Eden F. Samadan

Reviewers: Gizelle V. Laud; Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Layout Artists: Kathreene Joyce O. Dadero; Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Gizelle V. Laud
Education Program Supervisor, English

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]

2
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the techniques in analyzing literary texts. . The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Analyze literature as a mirror to a shared heritage of people with diverse
backgrounds;
2. Define and identify the different elements of a narrative; and
3. Analyze a short story based on the elements of a narrative.

What I Know

Read each item carefully, then choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following types of text tells a story?
A. Expository C. Narrative
B. Descriptive D. Persuasive
2. The element of a short story that answers the question “when and where did the
story happen?” is called ________.
A. Character C. Plot
B. Conflict D. Setting
3. Which element of a short story refers to the clash or struggle in the story?
A. Character C. Plot
B. Conflict D. Setting
4. The element of the story that refers to people, animals, or objects that play a role
in the story is ________.
A. Character C. Plot
B. Conflict D. Setting
5. Which of the following is not a type of character?
A. Antagonist C. Flat
B. External D. Protagonist
6. Which of the following types of conflict refers to the opposition between the
character and his mind or emotions?
A. man vs. self C. man vs. nature
B. man vs. man D. man vs. society
7. Which of the following is not an element of a plot?
A. denouement C. resolution
B. exposition D. theme
8. The part of the plot that is described as the highest point of the story is ________.
A. climax C. resolution
B. exposition D. falling action

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 9. The following describe the function of a setting, except:
A. To symbolize an idea
B. To be the source of conflict or struggle
C. To create a mood, feeling, or atmosphere
D. To organize the sequence of events in the story
10. The following are types of point of view, except:
A. first person
B. second person
C. third person limited
D. third person omniscient

What’s In

Look at the pictures below. Can you tell what ingredients are needed to make
them? List those that you know in the space provided.

ADOBO PANCIT

LECHE FLAN PAKBET

The ingredients are what makes the dishes unique. This is the same concept with
the stories that we read—a story is not a story without necessary elements that make
them so. Let us learn about these elements.

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 What’s New

Read the following story about the origin of a river called Banyuwangi. Then,
answer the questions that follow.
The Legend of Banyuwangi
An Indonesian Legend

Long time ago Banyuwangi was called Blambangan. It was a kingdom under a
wise king who had a handsome and smart son. Raden Banterang was his name. He
liked hunting very much. He often went to the forest around Blambangan to hunt for
animals.
One day when he was in a forest, he saw a deer. He chased it and the deer ran
deeper into the forest. His horse was so good and strong that he left his guards behind.
Unfortunately, he lost the deer. As he took a rest under a big tree, suddenly a lovely
lady appeared in front of him. Raden Banterang was very surprised to see a beautiful
girl alone in the forest. He was suspicious that she was not a human being. So he
asked her.
'Excuse me lovely lady, do you live around here?'
'No, I don't. I'm from Klungkung, Bali. My name is Surati. I'm a princess, the
daughter of the king of Klungkung. I need your help'
'I will gladly help you, but please tell me what your problem is'
'I'm in danger. There was a rebellion in Klungkung. The rebel killed my father
but I could escape. My guards took me here but I lost them. Now I'm alone. I don't
know where to go. I have no relatives here. Please help me'
'You are coming to the right person. I'm prince Banterang from the kingdom of
Blambangan. I will protect you. Please come with me.'
Then Raden Banterang took Surati home. He fell in love with her and then
several months later he married her.
One day when Surati was in the street he met a man. The man called him.
'Surati, Surati' She was surprised to realize that the man was her brother Rupaksa.
Rupaksa told her that it was Raden Banterang who killed their father. He came to
Blambangan to take revenge and asked Surati to join him. Surati was shocked but
she refused to join.
'I'm really shocked to hear the news. But I'm not sure. Raden Banterang is now
my husband. He's very kind to me. He never hurts me. He's protecting me. As a good
wife I will never betray him. It is my duty to serve him.'
'But he killed our father'.
'It is hard for me to believe it. When I met him, he was here, not in Klungkung'
Rupaksa was disappointed with her sister. He was also very angry with her.
'OK then. I have to go now. But please keep my headdress. Put it under your
pillow'
Rupaksa gave his head dress to his sister Surati. To respect her older brother,
Surati put it under her pillow. Several days later Raden Banterang was hunting in a
forest when he met a man that looked like a priest. The man greeted him politely.
Then he said something.
'Your life is in danger. Someone has an evil intention to you'
'Who is he?'
"Your wife Surati'
"Surati? How do you know? '

2
3
 'I am a priest. I have a clear spiritual vision. I just want to save you. Search her
room. If you find a headdress under her pillow then my words are correct. It is from a
man who will help her kill you'
'Thank you, your Holiness'
Raden Banterang was shocked. He was very angry with his wife then he
immediately went home. When he got to the palace, he immediately searched Surati's
bed room. As he found the head dress under her pillow, he was sure that the priest
was right.
'You are an unfaithful wife. I know that you want me dead. This is the evidence.
This is from a man who will help you kill me. Tell me who he is'
Surati was shocked and cried.
'It is my brother's head dress. I met him several days ago when you went
hunting. He gave me his head dress and told me to put it under my pillow. So, I put
it there to respect him. It is him who want to kill you, not me'
But Raden Banterang did not trust her. He gave her a death sentence. He took
his wife to a river bank as he would stab his wife and throw her body into the river.
'Before I die, let me say a few words'
'Please do'
'After I die, just throw my body into the river. If the water becomes dirty and
smelly, it means that I am guilty. But if the water becomes clear and fragrance comes
out of it, it means that I am innocent'.
Then as Raden Banterang would stab her wife with a knife, Surati threw herself
into the river. Amazingly the water became clear and fragrance came out of it.Surati
was innocent. Raden Banterang regretted his emotional behavior. Since then, he
changed the name of his kingdom into Banyuwangi. Banyu means water and Wangi
means fragrance.

Let's Learn English Language, https://tinyurl.com/LegendOfBanyuwangi

● Where did the story take place?

● Who are involved in the story?
● What was the main problem in the story?
● What did you learn after reading the story?

What is It

A narrative is a story or an account of events which may either be fictional or

non-fictional. Narratives have certain elements that set them apart from other forms of
texts.

ELEMENTS OF A NARRATIVE
● Setting
This element refers to the time and the place that the story happens in.
While this may not specifically be mentioned, the setting may be described through
a general description of the surroundings, the characters’ clothing, and the type of
transportation, among other things that may give us a hint on when and where the
events are happening. The setting helps the readers to create a clearer picture of
the events, and it also creates a mood, feeling, or atmosphere for readers to relate
to.

34
● Characters
The persons, animals, or sometimes even objects, that play a role or
participate in the events of the story are called characters.
− Round Characters are those with more interesting and meaningful character
development. They undergo changes or transformations through the course
of the story, and more details are revealed about them as the story unfolds.
− Flat Characters are those with uncomplicated character development, and
do not undergo change throughout the course of the story.
− The protagonist is the main character around whom the story’s events
revolve.
− The antagonist is a character that presents an opposition against the main
character.

● Conflict
This element refers to the dramatic struggle, problem, or issue that the
main character has to deal with.
− Internal Conflict (man vs. self) happens when the main character struggles
with his own mind, such as emotional or psychological problems.
− External Conflict is a struggle that happens outside of the main character.
This may be in the form of the character clashing with another character (man
vs. man), the character battling forces of nature (man vs. nature), or the
character dealing with his circumstances (man vs. society).

● Plot
The plot is the organized pattern or sequence of events that make up a
story.
− Exposition is the beginning of the story where the characters and setting are
introduced.
− Rising Action is where the conflict or conflicts begin to develop or the
complications arise.
− Climax is the turning point of the story where the most intense or exciting
events happen. This is where the main character learns about an important
truth that changes the course of the story.
− Falling Action is where the conflicts are beginning to be resolved.
− Resolution is the conclusion or ending where the character either defeats the
source of conflict, accepts the existence of the conflict, or is defeated by the
conflict.

● Point of View
This element indicates who the narrator of the story is, or the perspective
from which the story is told.
− First Person Point of View is when a character from the story is telling the
story. It usually uses the pronouns “I” and “me”.
− Third Person Point of View has an outside narrator, and uses the pronouns
“he”, “she”, “it”, or “they”
▪ Third Person Limited – narrator knows the thoughts and feelings
of only one character
▪ Third Person Omniscient – narrator knows the thoughts and
feeling of all the characters in the story

54
● Theme
The theme is the general or central idea revolving around the story. It is
woven all the way through the story that it is reflected in the characters’ actions,
interactions, and motivations.

What’s More

Analyze the short story “The Legend of Banyuwangi” by breaking it down to its
elements. Write your answers in the table below.
Setting
Characters
Conflict
Exposition
Rising Action
Plot Climax
Falling Action
Resolution
Point of View
Theme

What I Have Learned

Using the graphic organizer below, summarize the different elements of a narrative.

Elements of a Narrative

Point of
Setting Character Conflict Plot Theme
View

56
 What I Can Do

Choose a story that you have read or a movie that you have watched, and analyze
it based on the elements of a narrative.

Title

Setting

Characters

Conflict

Exposition

Rising Action

Plot Climax

Falling Action

Resolution

Point of View

Theme

Assessment

Read each item carefully, then choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The element of a narrative that refers to the sequence of events that happened in
the story is ________.
A. Character C. Plot
B. Conflict D. Setting
2. Which of the following types of character does not undergo change even as the
story unfolds?
A. Antagonist C. Flat
B. External D. Round
3. Which of the following types of conflict refers to the opposition between the
protagonist and the antagonist?
A. man vs. self C. man vs. nature
B. man vs. man D. man vs. society
4. Which of the following types of conflict is also known as internal conflict?
A. man vs. self C. man vs. nature
B. man vs. man D. man vs. society
5. The part of the plot where the conflict is introduced is called the ________.
A. climax C. rising action
B. exposition D. falling action

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6. Which part of the plot is shown in this event in the story?
Raden Banterang was shocked. He was very angry with his wife then he
immediately went home. When he got to the palace, he immediately searched
Surati's bedroom. As he found the head dress under her pillow, he was sure
that the priest was right.

A. climax C. rising action

B. resolution D. falling action
7. Which part of the plot is shown in this event in the story?
Then as Raden Banterang would stab her wife with a knife, Surati threw
herself into the river. Amazingly the water became clear and fragrance came
out of it. Surati was innocent. Raden Banterang regretted his emotional
behavior.

A. climax C. rising action

B. resolution D. falling action
8. Which is the point of view in which the narrator knows everything about all
characters in the story?
A. first person C. third person limited
B. second person D. third person omniscient
9. Based on this excerpt from the story, what point of view was used to tell the
story?
One day when he was in a forest, he saw a deer. He chased it and the
deer ran deeper into the forest. His horse was so good and strong that he left
his guards behind. Unfortunately, he lost the deer. As he took a rest under a
big tree, suddenly a lovely lady appeared in front of him.

A. first person C. third person limited

B. second person D. third person omniscient
10. Which of the following is not true about the theme?
A. It may be called moral or lesson.
B. It may be phrased as a command.
C. It is the general or central message of the story.
D. It is the message that the author wants to convey.

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