KARNATAKUNIVERSITY,DHARWAD

KARNATAK UNIVERSITY, DHARWAD

B.Sc. in Chemistry
B.Sc.Programme
Syllabus With Effect From 2023-24
***

DRAFTSYLLABUSFOR
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE (DSCC)

CHEMISTRY
FOR SEM V &VI,

SKILL ENHANCEMENT
DISCIPLINE COURSE(DSC)
SPECIFIC COURSE (SEC) FOR SEM V SEM

andDISCIPLINESPECIFICELECTIVE(DSE)

UNDER

NATIONALEDUCATIONPOLICY(NEP)
AS PER NEP - 2020
*****Effectiv

efrom2021-22
 B.Sc. in Chemistry

VI Semester

With effect from 2023-24

 temperature, liquid-solid solution, solid solutions.
CO11: Learn to develop and demonstrate knowledge pertaining to the background and
development of Green Chemistry, Learn about green chemistry and its necessity,
choice of solvents, atom economy, and sustainable raw materials, about the
examples of green reactions and future trends in green reaction.

Unit Title: Chemistry (Theory) XIII 56 hrs/

Sem
Coordination Chemistry-II 14 hrs
Crystal field theory, crystal field splitting, calculation and comparison of CFSE
UnitI
in octahedral and tetrahedral complexes, crystal field effects in weak and strong
field ligands. Pairing energies. Factors affecting the magnitude of crystal field
splitting. Spectrochemical series. Tetragonal distortion of octahedral geometry,
John Teller distortion. Crystal field splitting in square planar complexes.
Explanation of color and magnetic moments of complexes. Determination of
magnetic susceptibility by Gouy’s method. Stability of metal complexes
(thermodynamic and kinetic), stepwise and overall stability constant and their
relationship. Factors affecting the stability of metal complexes. (8 hrs)

Bioinorganic Chemistry
Role of metal ions in biological systems with special reference to Na+, K+ and
Mg2+ ions. Na/K pump. Structures of hemoglobin and chlorophyll, and the role
of Fe(II) and Mg(II) metal ions in these pigments. Role of Ca2+ in blood
clotting. (3 hrs)
Non-aqueous solvents
Solvent properties and typical reactions studied in liquid ammonia and liquid
sulphur dioxide. (3 hrs)
Carbohydrates: 14 hrs
Definition, classification, osazone formation and its mechanism, epimers and
UnitII
epimerization, interconversion of fructose and glucose, Kiliani synthesis and
Ruff degradation, ring structure of D-glucose, mutarotation, and determination
of ring size of D-glucose by Haworth -Hirst method, conformational analysis
of monosaccharides (example: Glucose). Disaccharides: structure of sucrose
and lactose (mention hydrolysis product, glycoside linkage and reducing
properties). Polysaccharides: partial structure of starch and cellulose.
Photosynthesis of carbohydrates. (8 hrs)
 Amino Acids, Peptides and Terpenes:
Classification of amino acids, stereochemistry of amino acids, Zwitter ion and
explanation to isoelectric point, synthesis of amino acids from Gabriel
phthalimide synthesis, Strecker’s synthesis, ninhydrin reaction.
Peptides: Definition, synthesis of dipeptides by N-protecting (t-
butoxycarbonyl and phthaloyl) & C-activating groups. Overview of Primary,
Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structure of proteins.
Terpenes: Classification, isoprene rule, constitution and synthesis of Citral and
-terpinol (6 hrs)
Electrochemistry-II 14 hrs
UnitIII Electro Motive Force(EMF)
Electrochemical cells, Reversible and irreversible cells, EMF of a cell and its
measurement by potentiometer, standard cell (Weston standard cell), types of
electrodes, reference electrode- calomel electrode, sign conventions, Nernst
equation, electrochemical series and its applications, salt bridge and its
applications. Determination of pH of solution by hydrogen electrode,
quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode methods, concentration cell with and
without transference, liquid junction potential. Numerical problems.
Applications of EMF measurements-
i) Determination of solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts.
ii) Potentiometric titrations- acid–base and redox titrations,
iii) Determination of redox potential (7hs)
Energy sources: Non-conventional energy sources. Solar energy, thermal
energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, photovoltaic cells, biofuels and their
applications. Batteries & Fuel cells- Primary and secondary batteries –
Construction and Applications of Pb-acid battery, Li-Battery, Lithium-polymer
cell, and nickel-cadmium cell. Fuel cells-hydrogen-oxygen and Hydrocarbon–
Oxygen fuel cells and their applications. (4hrs)
Micelle: Emulsions, micro emulsions or micellar emulsions, and its stability,
properties of micro emulsions: electro kinetic effects. Colloidal electrolytes or
association colloids, types of colloidal electrolytes. Micelles: surface-active
agents or surfactants. (3 hrs)
UnitIV Green Chemistry 14 hrs
Basics of Green Chemistry. Need for Green Chemistry. Goals of Green
Chemistry. Limitations/ Obstacles in the pursuit of the goals of Green
Chemistry.
Twelve principles of Green Chemistry with their explanations and examples
and special emphasis on the following: Designing a Green Synthesis using these
principles; Prevention of Waste/ byproducts; maximum incorporation of the
materials used in the process into the final products , Atom Economy,
calculation of atom economy of the rearrangement, addition, substitution and
elimination reactions.
Prevention/ minimization of hazardous/ toxic products reducing toxicity. risk =
(function) hazard × exposure; waste or pollution prevention hierarchy.
Green solvent
Supercritical fluids, water as a solvent for organic reactions, ionic liquids,
fluorous biphasic solvent, PEG, solvent less processes, immobilized solvents
and how to compare greenness of solvents.
Energy requirements for reactions – alternative sources of energy: use of
microwaves and ultrasonic energy. (8hrs)

Examples of Green Synthesis/ Reactions

Green Synthesis of the following compounds: adipic acid, catechol, disodium

iminodiacetate (alternative to Strecker synthesis)

Microwave assisted reactions in water: Hofmann Elimination, methyl benzoate

to benzoic acid, oxidation of toluene and alcohols; Microwave assisted reactions
in organic solvents Diels-Alder reaction and Decarboxylation reaction.

Ultrasound assisted reactions: Sono chemical Simmons-Smith Reaction

(Ultrasonic alternative to Iodine). (6hrs)

FormativeAssessmentforTheory

AssessmentOccasion/type Marks
InternalAssessmentTest1 10
InternalAssessmentTest2 10
Quiz/Assignment/SmallProject 10
Seminar 10
Total 40Marks
Formative Assessment as per guidelines.
 Unit Title: Chemistry (Theory) XV 56.hrs/
Sem
Inorganic chemicals 14 hrs
Manufacture, applications and hazards in handling of hydrochloric acid, caustic
Unit I
soda and bleaching powder. Preparation, properties and uses of TiO2, V2O5,
PbCrO4, KMnO4, (NH4)2MoO4 and complexes of platinum. (7hrs)
Nuclear chemistry
Nuclear particles (positron, neutrino, mesons, pions, and quarks), nuclear
instability, nuclear fission and fusion, nuclear reactors, Different types of nuclear
reactors, nuclear reactions (α, n), (n, α), (α, p), (p, α), (p, n) and (n, p). Applications
of radioisotopes in tracer technique, neutron activation analysis and carbon dating
(numerical problems). (7hrs)
Drugs 14 hrs
Unit II Definition and classification, requirement of an ideal drug, synthesis and
therapeutic use of a) Analgesic and antipyretic: Paracetamol, Analgin, ibuprofen
and diclofenac sodium, b) Antibacterial: Sulphadiazineand sulphathiazole, c)
Antimalarial: Chloroquine, d) Antibiotic:Chloramphenicol, e) Tranquilizers:
mysoline and pentothal sodium, f) Local anesthetics: novacaine,
g) Antihistamines: Chlorpheniraminemaleate, cetirizine, HCl. (5 hrs)
1
Basics of H NMR Spectroscopy
Introduction to magnetic properties of nuclei, concept of nuclear spin: Spin of
protons and neutrons, nuclear quantum number for various nuclei (depending
upon mass and charge of nuclei, I = 0, ½, 1, 3/2), nuclear angular momentum
and magnetic momentum, interaction of magnetic nuclei with applied magnetic
field, Larmor precession, nuclear energy levels in applied magnetic fields,
concept of resonance and expression for energy, concept of chemical shift,
shielding and deshielding effect, typical chemical shift values for different class
of compounds, anisotropic effects.
Applications of NMR spectroscopy: Interpretation of spectrum of ethyl bromide,
ethanol, acetone, 2-chloroethanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, propanamide,
benzene, acetophenone and acetanilide. (7 hrs)
Mass Spectrometry
Principle, instrumentation, molecular ion peak and base peak,
McLaffertyrearrangementwithrespectto2-hexanone, hexenoic acid and methyl
hexanoate. (2 hrs)
 Quantum Chemistry: Black body radiation, Spectral distribution of black body 14 hrs
radiation, Plank’s theory, derivation of Planck’s radiation law, photoelectric
Unit III
effect, Compton effect, wave nature of electron, derivation of Schrödinger’s wave
equation, wave function and its significance, Eigen function and Eigen values,
normalization and orthogonality.
Equation of motion for a particle, Newtonian, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian
equations of motion, elementary wave motion. Operators, Eigen values and
expectation values, commuting operators, linear operator and Hermitian operators.
Solutions of Schrödinger equations of a free particle, particle in a box problem: in
one and three dimensions, degeneracy, reflection and penetration of a particle in a
one dimensional box of semi-infinite barrier, a particle in a box of finite walls.

Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES): Principle, flames and flame temperature, 14 hrs
Unit IV instrumentation, interferences, applications, and limitations of FES. Determination
of Na/K in soil / water samples.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS): Principle, types of burners (premix and
total consumption) and their comparison, instrumentation and applications,
Determination of Mg in tap water. Comparison of AAS with FES.
Thermal methods of analysis:
Thermogrametric analysis (TGA), Theory, thermogravimetric curves for one, two
and three decomposition steps, instrumentation, factors affecting thermograms.
Applications of TGA.
Differential thermal analysis (DTA): Theory and applications
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): Theory and applications
Electrogravimetry: Theory, instrumentation. Determination of copper.
Nephelometry and Turbidimetry: Principle, instrumentation and applications.

Formative Assessment for Theory

Assessment Occasion/type Marks

InternalAssessmentTest1 10
InternalAssessmentTest2 10
Quiz/Assignment/Small Project 10
Seminar 10
Total 40 Marks
Formative Assessment as per guidelines.