Model answer of final Exam_EPM 354_spring 2017

Answer of Question 1

a- Vs= 200V, Va=120 V , R=10Ω, ΔI= 1 A, ΔV= 2%, f=5kHz.

i-
V 120
Va  kVs  k  a   0.6  60%
Vs 200
V (V  Va )
I  a s
fLVs
Va (V sVa ) 120(200  120)
L   9.6mH
IfVs 1  5000  200

V (V  V ) Vc 1 K
ii- Since Vc  a s a  % voltage ripple  
8LCf 2Vs Va 8 LCf 2

Then, Vc 1  0.6

0.02  
Va 8 * 0.0096 * C * 5000 2
 C  10.4167 F

iii- (1  k )R (1  0.6)  10
Lc    0.4 mH  L
2f 2  5  103
1 k 1  0. 6
Cc    0.104F  C
16Lc f 2
16  (5  10 3 ) 2  9.6  10 3

b- We can derive an expression to show the effect of the inductor resistance on the
output voltage to input voltage ratio of the Boost converter as follows:

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Let the power supplied by the source = Ps
The power absorbed by the load = Po
The inductor resistance = Ploss (with neglecting other losses)

Then,

The power supplied by the source = the power absorbed by the load + the inductor
resistance Ploss

Or
V s I s  V a I a  I s2 r L
The inductor current = the supply current = Is

The load current = the diode current = Ia

From the figure, for continues IL, the inductor current is given by:

VsIs VaIa Is2rL , Ia (1K)IS 

V a

R
Vs  (1 K )Va  I s rL
Va
Vs  (1 K )Va  rL
R(1  k )
Va 1 1

Vs 1 K 1 rL / R(1 K )2

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Answer of question 2

a- VS = 220 V, fo = 50 Hz, R = 5 Ω, L = 10 mH
i-

And

Where

ωL = 2πfoL = 100π*0.01= 3.14 Ω

4 4 ∗ 220
= = = 47.443 ,
√ +1 ∗ √5 + 1 ∗ 3.14
3.14
= = 32.13
5

4 4 ∗ 220
= = = 8.75 ,
3 √ +3 ∗ 3 √5 + 3 ∗ 3.14
3 ∗ 3.14
= = 62
5
4 4 ∗ 220
= = = 3.4 ,
5 √ +5 ∗ 5 √5 + 5 ∗ 3.14
5 ∗ 3.14
= = 72.33
5
4 4 ∗ 220
= = = 1.77 ,
7 √ +7 ∗ 7 √5 + 7 ∗ 3.14
7 ∗ 3.14
= = 77.18
5
4 4 ∗ 220
= = = 1.08 ,
9 √ +9 ∗ 9 √5 + 9 ∗ 3.14
9 ∗ 3.14
= = 80
5

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 4 4 ∗ 220
= = = 0.73 ,
11 √ + 11 ∗ 11 √5 + 11 ∗ 3.14
11 ∗ 3.14
= = 81.76
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Then, we can represent the instantaneous load current in a Fourier series as
follows:

= sin( − ) + 0.333 sin(3 − ) + sin(5 − )

+ sin(7 − ) + sin(9 − )+ sin(11 − )
±−−−−−−−−

= 47.443 sin( − 32.13 ) + 8.75 sin(3 − 62 )

+ 3.4 sin(5 − 72.33 ) + 1.77 sin(7 − 77.18 )
+ 1.08 sin(9 − 80 ) + 0.73 sin(11 − 81.76 ) ± − − −
−−−−−

ii- The rms load current at the fundamental frequency is I1rms where
.
= = = 33.547
√ √

⋯
iii- The THD of the load current =
√ . . . . . ⋯
= = 0.203 = 20.3 %
.
iv- The total rms of load current is Io where

√47.443 + 8.75 + 3.4 + 1.77 + 1.08 + 0.73 + ⋯

= = 34.22
√2

For ideal inverter, Output power = input power

. ∗
Or = ∴ = = 26.6

b- 180-Degree conduction
Each transistor conducts for 180 o.
 Three transistors remain on at any instant of time.
 When transistor Q1 is switched on, terminal a is connected to the positive terminal
of the dc input voltage.
 When transistor Q4 is switched on, terminal a is brought to the negative terminal
of the dc source.
 There are six modes of operation in a cycle and the duration of each mode is 60 o.
 The transistors are numbered in the sequence of gating the transistors (e.g., 123,
234, 345, 456, 561, 612).

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 For a wye-connected load, the line-to-line voltages must be determined to find the
phase voltage.

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Waveforms for 180 Conduction

Phase Voltages for 180 Conduction

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More details for the previous sketches
Mode 1 Operation 
0  t 
3

Mode 2 Operation

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 c- The below table shows the comparison between the 180 degree and 120
degree switching techniques:
S. No 180 degree conduction 120 degree conduction
1 Each device conduct for 180 Each device conduct for 120
degree degree
2 Three devices conduct in one Two devices conduct in one
interval interval

3 Cross conduction is possible Cross conduction is not

possible
4 Devices are better utilized Devices are under utilized
5 Output power is higher because Output power is less because
of higher voltage levels of lower voltage levels

Answer of question 3

a- 1-phase full-bridge inverter Vs = 300V, resistive load, phase displacement

control method, β = 150o,

i- = = 330 = 273.86 V
ii- = 1.1 ∗ 300 = 330 , to maintain the same load power→ Vo = constant,
then

= = 330 = 273.86 V → = 2.163 = 124

iii- The minimum allowable limit of the dc input source can be determined when
the angle of phase displacement ‘β’ has maximum value. This means that β =
π = 180o. Then

= → = = 273.86

iv- The rms voltage of the fundamental is 4V s 

V1  2
sin
2
∗ .
= sin = 246.56 V
√

− √273.86 − 246.56
∴ = = = 0.483 = 48.3 %
246.56

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 b- Modified-SPWM (MSPWM)
In SPWM, the widths of pulses near the peak of the sine wave do not change
significantly with variation of the modulation index.
 In MSPWM, the carrier wave is applied during the first and the last 60° intervals
per half-cycle as shown in below figures:

 Advantages of MSPWM:
 Number of switching is reduced  switching losses is reduced
 The fundamental component is increased
 The harmonic characteristics are improved

c- A cycloconverter is a direct frequency changer that converts ac power at

another frequency by ac-ac conversion, without an intermediate conversion
link.
The major applications of cycloconverters are
- low speed, ac motor drives in the range up to 15MW with
frequencies from 0 to 20 Hz.
- Iduction heating.
- Static VAR generation.

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 The following figure shows the circuit of a Single-phase
cycloconverter

 The two single-phase controlled converters are operated as bridge rectifiers.

 However, their delay angles are such that the output voltage of one converter is
equal and opposite to that of the other converter.
 If converter P is operating, the average output voltage is positive and if converter
N is operating, the average output voltage is negative.
 The figure below shows the waveforms for the output voltage and gating signals
of positive and negative converters, with each of the positive and negative
converters operates for time To /2.
 The frequency of the output voltage is fo=1/To.

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