SCIENCE 9
Learning Activity Sheet
Heat, Work and Energy
I.Introductory Concept
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can never be created nor destroyed but can be transferred or
transformed. An object that is in motion has mechanical energy and it is called kinetic energy, and an object at rest or in
position has energy called potential energy. The total mechanical energy of a system is equal to the sum of kinetic and
potential energy.
II. Learning Skills from the MELCs
Construct a model to demonstrate that heat can do work.
a. describe the three methods of heat transfer;
b. differentiate spontaneous & nonspontaneous process; and
c. explain how heat can do work.
III. Activities (Written Works )
Activity 1
Directions: Identify the following heat transfer as CD (conduction), CV (convection), and RD (radiation).
1. A transfer of heat between ladle and pan.
2. A transfer of heat that is usually done in liquid and gases, as in steam rising during rice cooking.
3. Heat flowing from your armpit to the thermometer.
4. Radiation therapy is an example of what heat transfer?
5. Heat transfer that requires physical contact between the bodies.
Activity 2
I Belong Here, and You Belong There
Objective: The learner should be able to identify the process as spontaneous or non-spontaneous process.
Procedure: Study the given examples below and classify them as spontaneous or non-spontaneous process. Then fill in
the table below.
a) Waterfall
b) Melting of chocolate
c) Rotting of fruits
d) Rice cooking
e) Breakage of porcelain plate
Guide Questions:
1. Which of them are spontaneous?
2. How can you reverse the process of each of the following?
Ex.: a) Keeping the food fresh from spoilage—keep it inside the refrigerator
a) Cooking rice—
b) Fixing a porcelain plate to make it whole—
c) Flowing the water back to the tank at the top of the house—
d) Keeping the chocolate whole—
3. What is needed to reverse the process?
Activity 3(PETA 3)
A. Directions : Perform this simple activity. Follow the procedure carefully and always observe safety precautions.
Touch it, Feel it
(Cool or Warm?)
Objective: The learner will demonstrate how heat causes the internal energy of water to increase.
Materials:
20mL of drinking water
glassware
children’s medicine cup
Sunlight
Note : This activity is only to show simple changes in water temperature before and after subjecting it to sunlight.
Caution : Be extra cautious in handling hot substances and glassware
Procedure :
Step 1 : Use a medicine cup to measure 20mL of drinking water and put it on the glass.
Step 2 : Use your finger to touch the water inside the glass, and record what you feel.
Step 3 : At about 10:00 AM, place the glass of water under direct sunlight for about 30 minutes then again use
your finger to touch the water temperature inside the glass and record what you feel.
Guide Questions:
1. Compare the temperature of water before and after subjecting the glass of water under the sunlight.
2. What does the increase in temperature indicate?
B. Try to analyze the problem
If 130 J of energy is added to a system that does 45 J of external work, by how much is the internal energy of the system
raised?
Given: Q = 130 J W = 45 J
Find ΔU internal energy.
Solution: ΔU = Q - W
ΔU = 130 J - 45 J
ΔU = 85 J
C. Directions: Read the problem carefully, find the given quantities and solve the problem.
1. A gas does 200 J of work on its surroundings when 500 J of heat is added it. What is the change in the internal energy
of gas? (ΔU = Q - W)
IV. Abstraction(Copy in your Lecture notebook)
Lesson 3 : Heat, Work and Energy
Energy is the capacity to do work.
Heat is thermal energy in transfer due to the difference in temperatures of the objects. It moves from high-
temperature object to a low-temperature object.
Types of Heat Transfer
1. Conduction—mechanism of heat that requires physical contact. It is when heat moves from one object to another
by direct touch. Metal is a good conductor of heat and electricity like copper.
Example: a. spoon on a cup of hot coffee. b. a pot sitting on a hot burner \
2. Convection—mechanism of heat that is observed in liquid and gases where part of warmer substance rises and
part of the colder substance sinks.
Ex: a. heating the soup b. air conditioning of the room
3. Radiation—transfer heat by emission of electromagnetic radiation. It is also a transfer of heat energy without
a medium. It occurs fastest in a vacuum.
Ex: a. x-ray. b. sound waves from your stereo
Spontaneous process, where heat flows normally under certain condition without any energy input from outside
source. Heat flows normally from higher temperature to lower temperature.
Ex: water flows downhill, frozen ice will melt into water,drying of clothes due to sunlight
Non-spontaneous process needs mechanical energy to happen or simply driven by the continuous input of
energy from external source or outside source. Heat flows from lower temperature to higher temperature.
Ex.burning of fuel in cooking foods,Flowing the water back to the top by using water pump ,putting battery in a
wall clock, using electricity in watching a program on television
Heat converts to mechanical energy that makes objects move or do work.
Heat Engine—is any device that converts heat into mechanical work. A heat engine does work by transferring
heat from high-temperature reservoir to low-temperature reservoir. Example of heat engine: Gasoline, diesel
engines, jet engines, steam turbine that generates electricity
Heat Pump—is the reverse of heat engine. It is used to reverse the process. It is a device that allows heat transfer
from a cold reservoir to a warmer one. Non-spontaneous process needs a heat pump in order to reverse the
process. Mechanical work should be applied so that heat could be transferred
V. Evaluation: Answer the following questions:
1. Heat energy is also known as _____________energy.
A. light B. mechanical C. temperature D. thermal
2. An instrument used to measure the temperature.
A. barometer B. speedometer C. thermometer D. thermostat
3. What do you call to the transfer of heat energy even without medium. It occurs in a vacuum.
A. conduction B. convection C. gravitation D. radiation
4.Which of the following is a mechanism of heat transfer that requires physical contact between substance?
A. conduction B. convection C. gravitation D. radiation
5. Which law states that the energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can be converted or transformed from one form to
another?
A. law of acceleration C. law of conservation of momentum
B. law of conservation of energy D. law of inertia
6. Among the scales of temperature which is the standard unit of measurement?
A. Celsius B. Centigrade C. Fahrenheit D. Kelvin
7. Heat transferred faster and effectively in solid by __________.
A. conduction B. convection C. conversion D. radiation
8. The following examples are spontaneous process except_______.
A. a ball is rolling B. drying of leaves C. ice will melt into water D. watching the television
9. What do you call to the process that flows normally and occurs on its own without any energy input?
A. chemical process C. spontaneous process
B. nonspontaneous process D. both A and C
10. While a gas does 200 J of work on its surroundings, 700 J of heat is added to the gas. What is the change in the
internal energy of the gas?
A. 300 J B. 400 J C. 500 J D. 600 J
