Aurelia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia

E-ISSN: 2964-2493 P-ISSN: 2962-0430

Vol. 2 No. 1 January 2023

Locutionary, Illocutionary and Perlocutionary Speech Acts in the

Short Story of Aini and Our Play by Hasan Aspahani
Mayvina Exva Anggraeni1 Intan Sari Ramdhani2
Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training
and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Tangerang City, Banten Province,
Indonesia1,2
Email: [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract
Speech acts are included in the science of pragmatics in which one learns the utterances or utterances
of a person against his interlocutor. Speech acts sometimes create different meanings between the
speaker and the interlocutor. It is customary in Indonesian society that the longer the speech, the
higher the level of speech acts or the level of politeness, conversely if the utterances are short, then the
level of speech acts or the level of politeness is less. Tutut is divided into three, namely, locution,
illocutionary and perlocutionary. Because there are several kinds of speech acts, it is necessary to have
an in-depth study of a person's speech. The researcher chose short stories as the object to be analyzed.
Short stories use everyday language or standard language so that they produce different meanings or
different tones when reading. Speech activities can occur anywhere if there is an interlocutor. A
locutionary speech act is an utterance in the form of a statement. Illocutionary is an utterance in which
there is information that the speaker wants to convey. Perlocutionary speech is a speech that has an
effect or influence on the listener or the interlocutor.
Keywords: Locutionary Speech Acts, Illocutionary and Perlocutionary.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

INTRODUCTION
Humans are social beings where humans cannot be separated from other people,
humans certainly need communication to stay awake in interacting with others. Chaer and
Agustina (1995: 26) divide the types of communication into two kinds: nonverbal
communication and verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is communication that
uses tools such as whistles, lights (lights, fire), flag signals, while verbal communication or
language communication is communication that uses language as a tool (Saputra et al., 2022).
The language used in this communication must of course be in the form of a code that is
equally understood by both the speaker and the opponent of the speaker or listener, namely
in the form of written language and spoken language. Spoken language can also be called
someone's speech about something that you want to convey (Tassya & Elisabeth, 2022).
Speech events can be carried out anywhere if there are speech partners. It can happen in
a school between teachers and students in the learning process to achieve maximum learning
with speech acts. It can also occur in a market where there is interaction between sellers and
buyers to find out prices and buy-sell agreements with speech events. So here are some
utterances that are usually adapted to whom and where they are located which greatly affect
the speech acts of a speaker (Alvian & Faiz, 2022).
Austin, 1962 in Ambarmizu, 2013) states that basically when someone says something,
he also does something. This statement then underlies the birth of speech act theory. Yule
(1996) defines speech acts as actions performed through utterances. Whereas Cohen (in
Hornberger and McKay (1996) defines speech acts as a functional unit in communication. It

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 Aurelia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia
E-ISSN: 2964-2493 P-ISSN: 2962-0430
Vol. 2 No. 1 January 2023

can be concluded from the opinions of the two experts that speech acts are the utterance of
sentences that are spoken by the interlocutor, or it can be said that speech activities are used
to tell what meant by the speaker and can be understood by the interlocutor. There are
several speech acts, namely locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary speech acts.
Locutionary act is a speech act to express something. This speech act can be referred to
as the act of saying something. Illocutionary act is a speech act to do something with the
intention conveyed by the speaker. This speech act is referred to as the act of doing
something. Perlocutionary act is a speech act to generate influence or effect on influence.
Speech acts are referred to as the act of effecting someone. In connection with this research,
locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary speech acts will be linked to a short story in the
interaction of speakers of Aini's short story and our play (Maharani & Haryati, 2022).
RESEARCH METHODS
The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a case study type.
Syamsudin (2009: 175) limits the case study approach as an approach by focusing attention
on one case intensively and in detail. In this study the problem has been focused on one case,
namely regarding locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts. This study
attempts to describe the various speech acts in Aini's short story and our play.
The Listening Technique Sudaryanto (2015: 203) says that the listening method is a
method used in speech act research by listening to the use of language in the object to be
studied (Susdarwono & Surahmadi, 2022). The note-taking technique is used as a technique in
data collection. The note-taking technique is to record several forms that are relevant to his
research from the use of written language (Mahsun, 2005:93) (Julia et al., 2022).

RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Based on data collection conducted by the author about locutionary, illocutionary and
perlocutionary speech acts in Aini's short story and our play.
1. There is a locutionary sentence where the speaker only states something to the
interlocutor as evidenced by the sentence: "kakaku run away" the sentence is included in
the locution because there is a statement without any other purpose.
2. There is an illocutionary sentence in which the speaker gives information to the
interlocutor as evidenced by the sentence: "Well, this is the finished text", "Yes, he went
quietly. He said to the director of the play.
3. There is a perlocutionary sentence in which the speaker creates an effect or influence on
the interlocutor as evidenced by the sentence: "That's why I can't participate, I'm
withdrawing from our play. Unless I can replace the lost money.” This sentence is included
in perlocutionary because it has the effect on the listener or interlocutor to find a solution
to replace the money so Aini can participate in theatrical activities.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the analysis of the researched data from literary novels, it can be
concluded that the novel contains several speech acts. The researcher obtained the results of
locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts in the novel.

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