Physics 2750

Recitation 02 – Kinematics

1. A particle moves along the x-axis. Its position is given by the equation x = 2 + 3t – 6t2 with x in
meters and t in seconds. Determine a) its position at the instant when it changes direction and
b) its velocity when it returns to the position it had at t = 0 s. PROB LE M S 85

2. velocity
At time t ! 0, the A certain airplane
is (4.00 has are
î What
m/s)i. a speed
the (a)of 290.0 km/h
magni- ••27 and
ILW A is certain
divingairplane
at an has a
θ
tude and (b) angle angle of q = when
of its velocity 30.0°itbelow
has beenthe horizontal
displaced by when
speed the pilotkm/h
of 290.0 releases
and is adiving
12.0 m parallel to the x axis? at an angle of " ! 30.0° below the
radar decoy (see figure). The horizontal distance between the
horizontal when the pilot releases
•••19 The acceleration of a particle moving only on a horizontal
xy plane is given by :
release point anda the
a ! 3tî # 4tĵ , where :
point where the decoy
is in meters per second-
strikes
a radar the ground
decoy (Fig. 4-33). Theishori-
d
= 700 m. (a) How long is
squared and t is in seconds. At t ! 0, the position vectorthe decoy in the air?
zontal (b) How
distance high was
between the
the re-
lease point and the point where
release point?
:
r ! (20.0 m)î # (40.0 m)ĵ locates the particle, which then has the
velocity vector : v ! (5.00 m/s)î # (2.00 m/s)ĵ . At t ! 4.00 s, what the decoy strikes the ground is d !
700 m. (a) How long is the decoy in d
are (a) its position vector in unit-vector notation and (b) the angle
between its direction of travel and the positive direction of the the air? (b) How high was the re-
x axis? lease point? Figure 4-33 Problem 27.
•••20 In Fig. 4-32, particle A y ••28 In Fig. 4-34, a stone is pro-
moves along the line y ! 30 m jected at a cliff of height h with an initial speed of 42.0 m/s directed
with a constant velocity : v of mag- v at angle u0 ! 60.0° above the horizontal. The stone strikes at A,
nitude 3.0 m/s and parallel to the A 5.50 s after launching. Find (a) the height h of the cliff, (b) the
x axis. At the 3. A rookie
instant quarterback
particle A throws a football with anofinitial
speed upward
the stone velocity
just before component
impact at A, and (c)ofthe
12.0 m/s
maximum
and
passes the y axis, a horizontal
particle B leaves velocity component of 20.0height
θ
m/s from a height
H reached above of
the1.80 m. Ignore air resistance. (a)
ground.
the origin with a zero initial speed
and a constantHow much time
acceleration a of is required for the football to reach the highest point of the trajectory? (b) How
:
a
magnitude 0.40highm/s . is
2
thisangle
What point?
u (c) How far has the football traveled horizontally during this time? (d) What are
:
between a and the positive direc- B x
A
the
tion of the y axis magnitude
would result in aand direction of the initial
Figure 4-32 Problem 20. velocity? What are the magnitude H and direction of the
collision? velocity just before it reaches the ground? h
θ0
Module 4-4 Projectile Motion
•21 A dart is thrown horizontally with an initial speed of Figure 4-34 Problem 28.
10 m/s toward point P, the bull’s-eye on a dart board. It hits at
point Q on the rim, vertically below P, 0.19 s later. (a) What is the ••29 A projectile’s launch speed is five times its speed at maxi-
4. How far
distance PQ? (b) Whatawayisfrom
the the
acceleration
dart board is ofthe
Venus
dart toward the Sun,
mum height. Find assuming
launch anglea"0circular
. orbit? Venus is 108.2
released? million km from the Sun and has an orbital period ••30 of 0.6152 y.
A soccer ball is kicked from the ground with an initial
•22 A small ball rolls horizontally off the edge of a tabletop that speed of 19.5 m/s at an upward angle of 45°. A player 55 m away in
is 1.20 m high. It strikes the floor at a point 1.52 m horizontally the direction of the kick starts running to meet the ball at that in-
from the table edge. (a) How long is the ball in the air? (b) What is stant. What must be his average speed if he is to meet the ball just
its speed at the instant it leaves the table? before it hits the ground?
•23 A projectile is fired horizontally from a gun that is ••31 In a jump spike, a volleyball player slams the ball from
45.0 m above flat ground, emerging from the gun with a speed of overhead and toward the opposite floor. Controlling the angle of
250 m/s. (a) How long does the projectile remain in the air? (b) At the spike is difficult. Suppose a ball is spiked from a height of 2.30
what horizontal distance from the firing point does it strike the m with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s at a downward angle of 18.00°.
ground? (c) What is the magnitude of the vertical component of its How much farther on the opposite floor would it have landed if the
velocity as it strikes the ground? downward angle were, instead, 8.00°?
•24 In the 1991 World Track and Field Championships in ••32 You throw a ball toward a
Tokyo, Mike Powell jumped 8.95 m, breaking by a full 5 cm the wall at speed 25.0 m/s and at angle
23-year long-jump record set by Bob Beamon. Assume that "0 ! 40.0° above the horizontal
Powell’s speed on takeoff was 9.5 m/s (about equal to that of a (Fig. 4-35). The wall is distance d ! θ0
sprinter) and that g ! 9.80 m/s2 in Tokyo. How much less was 22.0 m from the release point of the d
Powell’s range than the maximum possible range for a particle ball. (a) How far above the release
launched at the same speed? point does the ball hit the wall? Figure 4-35 Problem 32.
What are the (b) horizontal and
•25 The current world-record motorcycle jump is 77.0 m,
(c) vertical components of its velocity as it hits the wall? (d) When
set by Jason Renie. Assume that he left the take-off ramp at
it hits, has it passed the highest point on its trajectory?
12.0º to the horizontal and that the take-off and landing
heights are the same. Neglecting air drag, determine his take-off ••33 SSM A plane, diving with constant speed at an angle of
speed. 53.0° with the vertical, releases a projectile at an altitude of 730 m.
•26 A stone is catapulted at time t ! 0, with an initial velocity of The projectile hits the ground 5.00 s after release. (a) What is the