IIAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

215

CHAPTER VII.

THE HAYTIAX OR TAIXO LAXGUAGE res

tored, with fragments of the dialects of
Cuba, Jamaica, Lucaijas, Boriquen,
Eyeri, Cain, Araguas. Grammar,
roots, and comparative Vocabularies.

At an early period I endeavored to col

lect all the scattered fragments of this lan
guage, in order to elucidate and support
the historical traditions. This labour con
cluded in 1828, has given very important
results, whi h shall now be explained. At
the time of the Spanish discovery and con
quest, many Spaniards spoke that language;
many slaveswere sent to Spain but phi
;

lology was not then attended to. Therefore

we have no dictionary nor grammar of this
language. Meantime the very nation has
disappeared, destroyed by Spanish cruelty.
However, nearly all the early travellers
and writers on the West Indies have pre
served by chance, some words of it. Co
lumbus himself mentions some of them in
his original journal. Roman and Dangleria
explain many of the quoted words. Others
are scattered in Acosta, Gomara, Oviedo,
Garcia, Diaz, Las-Casas &c.; which had
never been all collected even by Vater nor
Edwards. Gili alone undertook to give a
long list of Hay tian words but three-fourths
;
216 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

of them are geographical or historical names

unexplained and unavailable.
I have used, compared and brought to
gether all these loose materials, and thus
succeeded in restoring about 231 words of
this language, a list ample enough for all
historical purposes. This contains besides
50 words of the Eyeri and eastern dialects,
with 38 of the Cuban or western dialects,
useful to show the variations of dialects.
We know that from Bahama to Cuba,
Boriquen to Jamaica, a same language
was spoken in various slight dialects, but
understood by all: Columbus himself says so.
But this language, which had also partly
spread in Florida, and in South America,
has the appearance of being a mixt speech.
This appears from the many synonyms, the
deviations of dialects, and the double forms,
or relative position of words. In the small
eastern islands the Eyeris or Cab res had
been destroyed by theCaribs,who preserved
the women, and these preserved their own
language, mixt with some Carib words and
taught it to their daughters ; so as to pro
duce a double language, that of the women
being quite peculiar. This singular fact
well authenticated, will enable us to presume
a similar conquest and custom, wherever
we shall meet in America, with a peculiar
female idiom.
The many nations or tribes mentioned
in the traditions, which had gradually amal
gamated ; and the settlement in Cuba and
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 217

Hayti of the Mayas, will account for this

mixture of synonyms. But the existence
also of many homonyms, lead us to a former
more simple speech, probably monosyllabic
and quite regular as the oriental idioms, to
which it is most akin.
From the primitive languages of North
Africa and South Europe, it had received
this regular position of ideas ; but by the
mixture with the Maya aud Mexican na
tions using the inverse form, it borrowed
that newform. The same happened in
Europe to the Celtic and Oriental tribes,
who received in Greece and Italy the in
verse form of speech from the Scythian,
Illyrian and Gothic tribes.
The comparative examination of the
Haytian and dialects, was pursued by me,
upon all the languages of the earth, as I
was determined that one American nation
at least, should be traced philologically to
its real origin. Thus I found many thou
sand analogies of it, out of which I have
used about 1500 in the annals, notes and
vocabularies. A single American language
does then contain more comparative analo
gies in about 200 words than all those col
lected by Vater and Malte, out of 400
American languages and this fact upsets
;

all the illusions, theories and false views,

based thereon by them, Humboldt and
others.
But this comprehensive labour teaches
19
218 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

other facts, by far more important am

available. 1. That American language;
have analogies with all the languages o.

the earth, 2. That they have similar analo

gies with each other, 3. That it is only th(
superior number of analogies that may in
dicate a or parental connection ou
filial

of America, And that also similar great

4.
est number of analogies, indicate the pa
rental relations of American languages anc
nations between themselves, 5. Lastly that
unless a language and nation is compared
with all the others, we can never ascertair
accurately, nor trace its real parentage
philologically.
This consequence is obvious, although it

will not please the lazy or timid philologists

and historians. It shall be further pursued
and elucidated hereafter ; but
let us now
7

apply these rules to the Haytian.

I could give 400 comparisons. Let us
select a few.
2. Ainu of Clioka islands between Japan
and Kamchatka, 22 comparable words 4
alike in Haytian Boat, house, no, drink
Mutual affinity only 21 per cent. No pa
rentage.
2. Singala of Ceylon, 50 comparable
words, 16 analogies, with Haytian Mutual
affinity 32 per cent. Very distant parentage.
3. Guanch of the
Canary island nearest
to Hayti in the east, 32 comparable words,
14 akin. Mutual affinity 42 per cent.
Distant connection.
 IIAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 219

4. Mandara. Handsome black nation

in the centre of Africa, 12 words compar
able, 6 akin, one, water, man, kin-, mo
ther, river Mutual analogies 50 per cent.
Nearer connection than with the Guanch,
or separation less remote.
5. Pelagic*
o or ancestors of the Greeks
and Comparable words in all the
Italians.
ancient and modern dialects nearly 200,
whereof about 100 offer more or less analo
gies !Mutual affinity 80 per cent ! Com
plete and near connection.
Therefore the Haytians are of Pelagic
origin ! No other group of languages offer
anything like as many. The nearest afterj
are the Atlantic L. Lybian, Egyptian, Bask,
Sanscrit, Persian &c. who are all connected
with the Pelagic nations. The analogies
with the Tartars, Chinese, Polynesians &c.,
are all less in amount.
In America the Haytian affinities are of
course the greatest with the Aruac nations
of South America ; who are their brothers,
and extend to the Taos of Tucuman and
the Tinguis or true Patagons of Pigafetta.
Yet they may have been divided long ago,
or ever since their American settlement :

since out of two selected for comparisons,

after the vocabularies, the Araguas had
only 70 per cent of analogy, and the Cairi
only 56 per cent. The nearest affinities
after these, were with the Apalachis, Na-
chez, Cadoz, Huastecas, Mexican, Ta-
rasca, Maya, Chontal fyc of N. America,
220 HAYTAIN LANGUAGE.

and the Darien, Betoy, Peruvian, Chili,

Mbaya fyc. of South America.
Those with the nations of N. America of
Asiatic origin, and the nations of South
America of African origin, such as the
Linapis and Guaranis, were much reduced.
See the compared vocabularies.
The Haytian shall now become therefore
one of the touchstones of other American
languages, to verify their eastern or At
lantic origin, and above all the connection
with the American Pelagians.
Let us now consider the forms and pe
culiarities of this interesting language, and
first its
phonology.
It appears to have all the sounds of the
Italic languages; but it lacks the Greek
TH, PS, the Cairi had TH. It has been
written by Spaniards, and their simple or
thography applies well to it ; but leaves a
doubt whether it had the Celtic and French
u (unless it be y) Hebrew and English SH,
lacking Their
in Spanish. is as in CH
English, and the French TCH. It had
the gutural X
of the Greeks and Spanish,
written X
and J. Also the Spanish LL,
GN or N, and TZ.
It had few P being changed to B few ;

F often changed to V few L changing to

;

Y few S changed to Z few D changed

; ;

to T. It had no nasal sounds as in Italian,

AN becoming Ana Many dipthongs
<fyc.

AC, OEI, IA, AI, UA, AU, El &e. as in

Italian, each vowel sounded. This made
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 221

the language soft, pleasing and musical as

in Italianand Polynesian. Dangleria says
the accent was always on the last syllable,
as in French.
On the grammar of it, nothing has been
written what Vater has said is quite loose
;

and inacurate. We
have not even the
Lord s Prayer in it, so as to serve as a
model. Our only guides are a few trans
lated phrases of Roman and Dangleria;
but they enable us to perceive the main
features of it.
One of the chief was the great use of
articles, as in Italian but with a peculiar
;

one GUA, put commonly before, but some

times after the nouns. It was a demon
meaning such, or this, that,
strative article,
these, those but never changing and com
;
mon as our The : while this indicative The
was declinable or changing as in the Italic
languages, and extremely various, although
always prefixed, expressed by I, HI, HIN,
NI, N ZI, LI &,c.
,
A
third kind of arti
cle was O, which when added, appears to
have been comparative, and to mean Akin,
Like, Similar, or our English AS. The
relative article Of was A prefixed.
Examples of Articles.
Gua-yava This pear.
Gua-ma This great, or lord.
Gua-tiaos Those brothers,
Ma-za-gua Great plain such.
Bala-gua Sea such, the ocean.
I- Guana The guana or lizard.
19*
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

Ni-taino The good or noble.

Mi taino My noble lord.
Li-ani The wife. Eyeri dialect.
Hin-Guaili The such-sons, the children,
Ziba o Stone like, stony.
A-na Of bloom, a flower.
A-boria Of labor, a vassal.
A-maca Of wood, a bed.
A-ma Of great, water.
A-reiti Of rite, song.
These articles formed probably the de
clinations of nouns, as we do not perceive
a different desinense. This form was more
like the Celtic, Oscan, and Greek, than the
Latin.
The feminine was formed nearly as in
Italian, O changing to A. Taino, Taina,
Lord, Lady Hito, Hita, Man, Woman;
but there must have been irregularities
difficult to trace as some words masculine
:

end in I, S, N, U, L, Perhaps some where

neutral.
Some words are formed by duplication,
implying an amplitude, as in the Oriental
language. Bi life, Bibi mother and wife
in dialects. Ba habitation, Baba, Vava
Father. Ma great, Mama Xau
mother.
cake, Xauxau bread or large cake.
The plurals are chiefly in I as in Italian,
or in S
as in Spanish ; but there are some
irregular plurals. Taino, Taini, Lord,
Lords. Hito, hitos man, men.
EL son. ILI sons. Zend angel, Zetnes
angels.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 223

The Eyeri dialect forms many plurals in

UM. Eyeri man, Eyerium men ; Inara
woman, Inayum women.
The adjectives are put before cr after
the substantives, blending the two forms ;

and the prevailing form in compound words

is doubtful, perhaps the regular as in Latin.

Examples of regular position.

Hay-ti Land-high.
Ana-caona Flower (of) gol.l.
Buhui-tihu Priest high or eminent.
Examples of inverse positions.
Bo-hito Old man or priest.
Jaya-cl Earth -son.
N abor-itas The working men.
The adjectives are chiefly formed from
nouns, and often by a simple O added, thus
Ziba stone, Zibao stony, Zibayo mount.
Tarei heaven, Tareigua heavenly or
heaven-like.
Duhos wealth. Duilizi wealthy or
wealth-is.
The superlatives are commonly formed
by duplication. Ua old, Uaua very old.
Co fruitful, Coco very fruitful, the coco
nut.
Or else by the affix Ma which amplifies
every thing.
The pronouns appear very simple.
MI, M first person for I, me, my, mine ;
but our is Ahia 1
TI. T Second person for thee, thou, thy,
thine.
224 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

LI, L Third person for he, she, his,

her.

NI, N Common like It or rather On of

the French.
How their plurals are formed, is doubtful ;

but perhaps the inflexions alone formed

them. These pronouns are pure Italian !

or rather primitive. They were often dis

pensed with as in Italian.
Of the verbs we know little or nothing.
By a few examples of the verb to be, it was
quite irregular as with us.
EX To be Tei be thou Bei being.
Beira a being Dacha I am.
El he is Zi it is, this is.
In these Ei appears the root, derives
from Eil, and was then similar to El son,
as Zi to Izi eyes.
This verb joined to others was added to
words. Guarocoel we know he is, may be
analyzed Gua-roco-el such-know-he-is.
We have an example of negative verbs
in Macabuca I do not care, which is Maca-
buca not-care, or never-mirid in French ;

tfimporte, in Italian non euro.

Of the syntax we may form an idea by
the few preserved phrases ; which I have
analyzed as follow, and compared with the
Italian.
! Teitoca thou be quiet. Tacitu Italian.
tocheta much, molto.
zinato angly. irato.
Guame-chyna this great God. gran-
Nume.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 225

Gua-ibba that go. Vai It.

2. <[
zinato angry, irato.
macabuca not care, non euro.
Dios Spanish God. Dio It.
3. ^ Aboria Servant. Servo.
dacha I am. Sono.
words is perfect
his idiom or position of
in Italian which admits of many transposi
tions; but in English syntax and idiom
these phrases mean
1. quiet, God will be very angry.
Be
2. Begone, I do not care if he is angry.
3. I am the servant of the Spanish God.
The Haytian numbers have not been
transmitted to us, and I could only collect
the following secondary numbers Ata
first, Bern second, Abem third which :

however are primitive and indicate a bi

nary numeration although the language
:

had probably the decimals.

By a careful analytical process I have
been able to decompose the compound
words, and even reach their monosylabic
roots. All the long words can be thus
analyzed, and show that this compound
form only arises, as usual in American
languages, by the blunders of the Spanish
writers, who WTote long words instead of
short ones; blending articles and affixes.
The Haytian thus analyzed and reduced
is a very simple
language, approximating
to the primitive and oriental forms, wherein
short monosyllables of generic import,
226 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

formed the base of the speech, and became

modified by union and relative position.
By these means the following essential
roots of the language have been collected,
and are given to help future similar inves
American languages.
tigations of
Examples of composition.
Cazabi Bread. Ca-za-bi soil-fruitful-life.
Manali Sea cow. Ma-na-tl great-thing-
eminent.
Turei Heaven. Thir-ei Thou-light-be.
Furzidi Cloudy, fur-zi-di gloom-it-is-
day. (or now)
Areiti Song, rites. A-rei-ti of reality
eminent.
Naniclii Soul. Na-ni-chi thing the active.
Maroyo Moon. M#-ro-yo great lovely.
74 essential monosyllabic roots of this
language or genera of ideas.
A, Of, as, like.
Ac, Holy, sacred, religious.
AM, Water, root, plenty.
AN, Male thing, man, people, folk.
AT, One, alone, first, unic.
BA, Father, ancestor, dwelling.
BAL, Raft, floating, wave, sea.
BAN, Wind, air.
BAO, Music, lyre, instrument.
BAT, Beating, game, play, ball.
BEM, Second, double, twin, two, next.
Bi, Life, wife, mother.
BOA, Habitation, house.
BOR, Labor, work, vassal, service.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 227

CA, Land, soil, earth, dry.

CAN, Fish, swift, bad.
CHI, Active, soul, work, wine, lively.
CIION, Hot, dry, fever.
CHUC, Take, grasp, hold.
Co, Soil, fruitful, fountain, dog, thread.
COAT, Joy, delight, happiness.
Cu, Chapel, altar, hearth, fire, all.

Cus, Worm, creeping.

Di, Day, now, actual.
DUH, Wealth, riches, treasures, property.
Ei, Existence, to be.
EL, Son, tribe, child, he is.
FUR, Gloom, dark, cloud, fury.
GIA, Fowl, bird, flying.
GUA, Such, this, that, these, those.
GUEY, Shell, hollow, closed.
HA, Yes, sure, certain.
Hi, The, indication, here.
Hio, House, hut, cottage.
HUIB, Head.
I,The, sign of life and action.
IO, God, the living-type.
IT, Man, male.
IN, Woman, female.
IZ, Eyes, looks.
L ,LI, He, she, they, his &c., oft. changed
MA, Great, big, larger, increase, mothers,
water &c.
MAS, Food, to eat &c.
MI,M Me, my, mine.
,

NA, Thing, bloom, lizard.

Ni,N The thing, my thing.
,
228 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

No, NOA, Boat, navigation, noble.

O, Like, similar, akin.
OB, Copper, yellow.
OP, Dead.
Pu, Wood, purple.
RA, REI, Real, rite, evidence, offspring.
Ris, Red.
Ro, Love, belove.
Ri, Male, people, men.
SOR, West, Eve, late, far.
TOA, Breast, milk.
Ti, High, lofty, eminent.
TAB, Tube, pipe.
TAI, TIAO, Brother, friend, good.
Toe, Rest, peace, quiet.
UA, Old, ancient.
UR, Light.
UT, Rabbits.
VA, Cave, hollow, father, origin.
VAR, War, warrior.
XAU, Cake, baked, bread.
Xi, Strong, pungent, pepper.
YAR, End, tail, vent.
Yu, White, bright.
ZA, Grass, fruitful, plenty.
ZEM, Angels, deities, idols.
ZIB, Stone, rock.
Zic, King, ruler.
Such was the Haytian language, once
spoken by several millions, and a western
branch of the Pelagic stock ; that derived
from the Asiatic Pelegs and Palis, once
peopled nearly all the shores of the Medi-
teranean 3 or 4000 years ago.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 229

Thefollowing comparative vocabularies

will prove this fact. They have not been
made to support it ; but to find the truth,
arid the probable ancestors of this Ame
rican nation, by seeking them all over the
earth. If this nation one of the nearest to
the eastern hemisphere, is thus found of
such remote antiquity, those further re
moved and inland may well be deemed
equally old, or rather older still :which
their own history shall disclose.
Out of the 234 words collected ; many
it be perceived, are hardly comparable;
will

being names of peculiar animals and plants.

About 200 offer comparisons with our lan
guages well known. It must be remarked
that the Spaniards borrowed many Haytian
words, which have since been introduced
into Spanish and other European languages.
Humboldt has given a list of them. Those
admitted in the English language now are,
hurricane, canoe, keys or islands, tobacco,
pimento, yam, tomato, cassava, savana,
mahogany, patatas, mangrove, indigo, co
pal, maize, bananas, parrot, guano, coco,
cacao, guava, hammock or hanging bed &c.;
which must not be compared, since they
have been borrowed by us from the Hay^
tian. The Spaniards have besides, chichas,
balza, Cazic spelt cacique, aguti, manati,
maguey, tiburo, guayac, macana, bejuco 3
nigua, tuna, aji, zeyba,&c.
20
230 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

Yet several of those words may be use

fully compared in
ancient languages often
extinct, previous to the late connection
with America. Thus we find analogies
for maize, canoe, cazic, cayman, yam,
chicha, macana, manati &c., in many in :

dicating very ancient connections. Even

the words manati, hurricane, canoe, nigua
&,c, have affinities in modern Italic lan
guages, not derived from Hayti.
Comparative TAINO Vocabulary of
Hayti.
Authorities, R. Roman C. Colum
bus D. Dangleria, Ac. Acosta, Her.
Herrera. M. Munoz, L. Las-Casas,
O. Oviedo, G. Garcia or Gili, E. Ed-,
wards, H. Humboldt, V. Vater, A. all
or nearly all of them, Laet, Diaz, St.
Mery, Ey. Eyeri Dialect.
All or whole Quis R. D. Xus O.
Analogies, Oya Congo, Jikoga Japan, Chu h oat Nepal,
Huy Copt, Qualunque Italy. Ixquich Mexican, Kiyih
Mohigan &c.
Angel and Idol. ZEMI, Zcmes, Che-
mes A. analogies in annals.
Alligator or crocodile. CAYMAN A.
Caram Hornu, Taymah Arabic, Cuina Bechuana,
Caimio Chamoa Egyptian Dialects. Cayman Peru
vian, Camac Mexican, ^mangam Lin a pi.
Ants or pismires COMEXON R. see notes.
Apple, pear, guava. GUAVA, Guaiva,
Quay aba, Xagua A.
Jpis, Pttar, old French, Apple English, vfywas, Carba
Pelagic, Carpos Greek, Carpath Aramic, Ribi Egypt.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 231

Angry ZYNATO D.
Irato Ital, Orgytheis Greek, Cato (bad) Ausonian,
Yahat Malay, It a Tonga.
Am, I am DACHA D.
JVac/tTuran, Da (is) Bask, Davo Sanscrit. Naca
Maipuri, Ehaca Tarasca.
Arachis or ground-nut. MANX, Manis A.
Nux Latin.
Aloe MAGUEY. Magheih H. Agave
Greek.
Annona or Papaw GUANAVAN H.
Ananas or pine-apple BONIAMA G. Fan-
polomi E.
Annato or red paint ACHIOTO H. Bixa G.
Apart, aside, the side NARA R. Parte
It., Share English &c.
ATATU E.
Armadillo
Army GUARAVARA G., see War.
Air, see Wind.
Above UBEK in Eyeri, Super, Ubique,
Latin.
Breast and milk TOA R primitive word
found in all languages,
Teth Celtic, Tit J^axon, Tad Chaldaic, Toho Ainu,
Aha (milk) Araiuic, ^AoGuanche, Tea Bisharis, Doa
Hindu &c.
Bread or cake CAZABI, Cazavi A. Cuac,
Maru in dialects.
Also primitive found in 100 languages. Oguia Bask,
Jlhran Celtic and Berber, Shakua Abask, Kabaka
ISuba, Khas Haikan, Maru Zingani, Yacu Dhagul
mountains, Jlxans Pelagic, Artos Greek &c. Cuzavi
Tayrones, Cosque Chili, Casaah Cado, Cancu Peru,
Shokua Atakapas, Pasca Apalachi &c.
Be, to be, TEI, Ei D. Primitive.
232 HAYTIAX LANGUAGE.
Ei Aramic, E Italic, Hei Arabic, Eu Armoric,
Hei Oscan, Esti Greek, E Haikan, Hein Pelagic,
Eolian, Pet Egypt &c.Eini Tarasca, Atz Chay-
nias &c.

Being, and a being, BEI, BEIRA A. pri

mitive, same roots,
Boat, CANOA A. Pages.
Primitive word of 100 languages, Nau Sanscrit, Pela
gic, Osset, Nave, Barca Italic, Nans Greek, Guy
on
Guanch, Scafo, Cahekiu Sicilian, Xepec Lybian, Ba-
Cahani Ainu, Cayic Turk, Doa Arabic,
colo lllyric,
Naos Haikan, Ani Aramic, Cana Bastul or Iberian,
Naoi Celtic, Kan Teutonic &c. Noatek Mbaya,
Cana/ma, Canabir Galibis, Palayak Aleutian, Banias
Panama &c.
Bird, fowl, BOGIAEL R. Ipis in Cuba.
Compare Halit and Ibis Egypt, Pirid old Saxon,
Ipira Hindu, Vogel German, Polio Oscan. Ugedu
Sicily, Ogia Celtic, Uchel Ausonian, Bo Burman,
Mapd Suanic, Haliga Pelagic &c. Gualpa Peru,
Coxol Huasteca &c.
Bed. AMACA A. Amazas L. Barbacoa
H. Nehera, Nekera in Dialects.
Ekia, Kunera, Greek, Tamapat Malay, Nedokuri
Japan, Carna Lusitanian, Make Egypt Camata Peru,
Amaca, Akat Galibi, Mucara Betoy ? Jlmaca Yaoy,
Chinchero Guarauna.
Blue and violet, TUNNA, Quibey, Guei,
dialects. Cyanus Greek, Chuanta Abask.
Beer, CHICHA A.
Alicha, Ckeruisa Gauls, Chelia Cantabrians, Chacoli
Bask, S/iuuku China, Ichna, Isua African Atlantes,
Acka (VYine) Aramic C/iica Peru, C/iicha Chili,
AJbayas, Cackina Apalachi, Huicu Galibis &c.
Beloved, loved, Rozi, Berozi R.
Eros Greek, Behar Persian, Careich Celtic, Cara
Italic and Hebrew, Heri
Sanscrit, Eiras, Meres Egypt,
Amore Italian, Amuri Sicilian.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 233

Ball, ball-game, BATOS D. Batei G.

Orpatos Greek, Ballota Italic, Baton French, Bandy,
Bate old English Pali, Palican Chili.
Beast, beastly, wild, Caracol R.
Caracal Lybian, Car Turan, Heraca, Ferua Italy,
Caracol Berber Atlantes, Caracoler old French, Ho-lo
old Chirfese, Olo-olo Bugis and Macasar.
Basket, HAVA G. Primitive, see Cave.
Bright, TUREIGNA D. see Light.
Bananas, BANANAS Her. Camois G.
Bad fellow, VAQUIANO Ac. Paquiano
Sicily.
Brother, GUATIAO Her. Tayo Polyne
sia, Fratielo Ital. D.
Blood, MOINALU Ey.
Omoina Aramic, Idoimen African Atlantes, Odola
Bask, Zemo Zend, Tola Arabic, Haimai Pelagic,
Haematos Greek, Aimonos Romaic, Hamanos Illyric,
Mulu Koriak and Kamchatka.
Corn, maize, MAHIZ, MAYZ A.
TKfajzaBask. Mas Nepal and Congo. May Kirata of
Imalaya, Me Chinese, Maza Pelagic, Maiz Turan,
Zimidi, Zhnind Caucasian languages, Mozcn Guanch,
Tientsin, timezin tomzin African Atlantic Hazez
Apalachi, Iziz Huasteca, Zara Peru, Yasit Cora,
Umita Chili.

Cold, YMIZUI R. Hima Sanscrit, Hiems

Latin, Frimat French.
Cave, cavern, COVA, Vava D. Giaga,
Beina O.
Caca, Cabina, Phinon Pelagic, Caura Lybian, Thebi
old Egyptian, Tabaita Ausonian, Ketena, Phian Os-
can and Etruscan? Libanah, Cuena Arainic, Tana
Sicily, Deina Teuton. . . Primitive.
.

Cotton, MAPU E. ZEIBA A. Gosupon

Greek^ Kapas, Kipi Sanscrit language,
20*
234 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE*

Bombaz Pelagic, Co sib old Arabic.

Cloth, see dress.
Club, see sword.
Copper, TUOB C. Yellow copper, HOBIN
D. Kuop Pelagic, Kupros Greek, Cu~
preus Latin.
Careless, I don t care, MACABUCA D.
Bucanaco Congo.
Cutting, knife, HENEQUEN. Ecuta Bask,
Totenika Greek, Sikunatant Pehlvi, Kan-
giac Arabic &c.
Children or tribe, EL, ILI, GUAILI R.
Primitive, analogies already given in annals.
Clusia alba, or copal tree, COPEI, Copal
G.H.
Conch-shell, Maguey C. as Aloe.
Cake, XAUXAU G. Akes C. see Bread.
Xau is primitive.
Cocos, Coco G. Coquillas in Boriquen.
Cedar, CAUVANA G.
Cacao, CACAO A. same in Mexico &c.
Church, temple, chapel, Cu Acosta, Tzia.
Primitive, same name in Maya, Chontal,
Mexican &c. Gru Japan, Tia Chinese D.
Cloudy, FURZIDI, Her.
Cane, YARUMA, Her.
Crabs, Taracolas. Grankio Italian,
Harkinos Greek.
Dress, mantle, cloth, COCHIO D. R. Fa-
guas Her.
Akico Guanch, Haico Berber, Cachaca Gaul,
Coehaya
Slavonian Poncho Chili, Cuayt Galibi.
Danse and song, rites and worship AREI-
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 235

TOS A., Areites D., Areiti G., Batocos G.

Iroitos sacred songs of Greeks, Ticos Illyrian, Ar-
tesis, Orchcsis, Xoreite, danses of Pelagians and
Greeks, Jlriette (son"-)
French and Ital., hurah Sax
on, Akura Havay Yaravis Peru, Mitotvs Mexican.

Dog, Cuchis, Gochis, Alco (a peculiar

kind.)
Kkoy Caucasus, Cunis Pelagic, Kiuen China, Chin
Mungur of Nepal, Cfiien French, Cucus Persian, Cu-
cura Sanscrit, Cucha Newar, Cuxur Nepal, Cinicha
Guanch Atlantes Cuch Curdish, Cho Siam Chichi,
dlco Mexican, Chegua Chili, Cule Lule, Allco Peru,
Vichu Tarasca.
Day, Di Primitive Dies Latin and all

Pelagic languages.
Daughter, RAHEN Ey.
Chera Copt, Raena Sanscrit, Nuora
Jlhtt, Italic
Ninah Darien, Tahira Omagua.
Dead, ghost, spirit,OriA, Opoyem, Goeiz.
Boa old Ethiopic, Apw&ya Pelagic, lya Bi&liri,
Obit Latin, Leoba Irish, Zabi Bask, Obiah, Oabye,
Africans Pitini, Conopas Peru, Ho, Obild Othomi,
Maboya Galibi, Chipi Ottawa.
Devil and Evil, TUYRA D., see Annals.
Mabuya Eyeri is Carib.
Eternal, MAMONA R. Jemao, title of God,
see Annals.
Earth, land, and island, JAYA, Khaya,
Cayos, Hay, Guaca fyc. A Primitive,
see Annals.
Eat, to eat, food, to feed, IMAS, MAni A.
Mets Celtic, YamJian Bask, lahamas Kam
Slavic,
chatka, Macanu Malay, Uem Copt, Mas Sanscrit and
Thibet, Mashu Nepal Micuni Peruvian.
End, tail, YARIMA D.
Ura$ Greek, Ora Anglo-Saxou, Gomcra A ramie,
 236 HAYTAIN LANGUAGE.

Oari Japan, Ura Manchu, Brim Teutonic Yara

Tarasca.
Emerald, gem, and money, AGUACAT, O.
Achates Greek, Agata Latin &c.
Eyes, Izi, O. Primitive, Mizi in Poly
nesia, Opsis Greek, Aiz English, Iz Orien
tal language Cost Cahiri.
Field, plain, CONUCO G. V. ZAVANA Za-
naga, Mazagua, A.
Khana Pehlvi, Bashan old Arabic, Chonu Yakut,
Azagar, Zahal, Caha, Amaza, African Atlantes, Coy
Copt, Age,r Latin, Kuni, Nabeku Iberian Spanish
Cog Guarani, Cu Omaguas, Tzallan Huasteca.
Fly, flying-insect, COCUYO, Cuinix, Zie-
vas. Huica Pelagic, Cuic Sanscrit, Mus-
ca Latin.
Fountain, COA, Maca, Mini. Cum
Hindi, Ain Arabic, Hecoas Pelagic.
Frog, TOA G. Onomatopeia.
Father, AHIA, Baia^ R., Vava, Baba Ey.
Primitive, found in 500 languages.
Bap Lybian, of atlantes, Jib Oriental Lang,
Ii>as />&#

P Thibet, Yaija Kawi, BaboAvo Italy, Ayenl French,

Jiij Votiac and Edda, Oaba Abase, Aita Bask Ba ;

Ab Baba, Sanscrit; Bay Jolof. Yaya Peru, lyay

r
J"aos, Haia Sheba, Ochai Yaqui, \apa Cora, Lahai
Cochimi and Lamones, Ahay Eslen, Aoy Eclemac,
Jlya Yarura, FiZamnca, Alien Yaraeos, Yare Puri,
Baba Saliva, Papa Tamanac and Cuna, etc.

Frolic, Intoxication. Barbasco St.

Mary, Frasco Sicilian.

Fish, ICAN, Guaycan M.
Than Malay, Icthos Greek, Guiena lolof, Nga, Gna
Limbua and Newar of Nepal, Piscan (3scan, lea Ton
ga and Nukahiva, Sakana Japan, Iguah Java, I a-
eun Wokon, Hucat Cora, Mahach Nachez.
Fire, CUYO D, Cuxo H.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 237

Ecu Hottentot, Cuat, Taquat afr Atlantes, (7?/i/Kawi,

Koke Coptic, Ogiak Tmk, Cuasi Japan, Fvyo Iberian,
Fuoco Italy, Ucut Moluccas. Totecuh Muscolgi, Cu
Sussih, /CM Lule, Eguza Saliva, Yucu, Xucu Moxas,
Cutha, Chili, Cay ah Malali, Cuati Sapibo, Kueh Ta-
culis.

Fire-fly, CUCUYOS G. Cucuyo H. Locu-

yos H. Cucuix D. Zievas in Lucayas O.
see Fire and Fly.
Foe, ANAKI O. Akani Ey.
Katahi Japan, Neikos (strife) Greek, Uaina Slavic,
Vahini Sanscrit, Katalki Kendy, Jinakim Araraic,
Acanitu Sicilian, Nemico Italian.

Flower, Blossom, ANA A.

*Qnu, Matia, Eaypt, Jlnota Singala, JUnathos Greek,
Suan Newar, Jiihina Palo, Tana Japan, Dam
Otho-
mi.
Fruit. INAS. GUAUANAS, Ac. Derived
from Flower.
Fruitful Co. Com Iberian, Comestible
French.
Fever, see heat.
Flamingo, Red bird. IPIRIS Diaz in Cu
ba.
God. JOVANA O. Yocalmna R. and
many names and titles in all the Is
other
lands. See the annals and notes. All are
compound primitive words: additional anal
ogies.
Jan Janus of Etruscans, Ju Ombrian, Yu Ausonian,
Jovis Latin, Jona, Yauna, Juncva, Jaungoicva of
Basks Jo-canna, Janum of Lybians, 1 BUJE of Mo
ses,Joh Luchu, Yavang Sunda, lona Troy an, lunak
Slavic, Jlchaman Ahican.
Guanch, &c. Yah, yoha
^aAChactah, Hioh New Albion, Ya/to Apalachi, Oy-
vac Old Peruvian, Jahuagon Huron, Wakon Ozagea-
Conomt Yaruras, Oho Aleutian, Ogha Othomi, &c.
238 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

Great, Big,Large. MA, Magua, Guama,

A. Primitive, akin to all old Languages,
Magnus Latin, Megas Greek, Ma Oriental and San
scrit Languages, Mam Pehlvi, Mese Zend, Maha
Hindu and Bali, Mayue Jolof, Maiinu Fulah, Mah
Iran, May Medic and Irish, Gvadul Phenician, Maigh
Celtic, Magla Carthuli, Waka Japan. Ecvah Tzu-
luki, GwaNachoz, Guazu Guarami, Zhuma Muyzcas,
Ma Apalachi, Manaho Othomi.
Green. HUARAHUA, Guaragua Laet.
Xloris Greek, Viridis Latin,
Huryo Nepal, Veragua
Chontal.
Gold. CAONA, CAUNI
Canchana Sanscrit, Sona Hindu, Kin China, Sanu
Manding, Sun Nepal, Concha Peru.
Go and Come. HA. Guaiba D.
Odebo Greek, Jlmbular, Va, Vaya Italic D, Hanba
Cosa afr, Ya, Gati Sanscrit, Hoye Tarahumara,
Hupua Yaqui, ya Chactah, Bai Patagon, AuUa
Aleutian.
Gourd. HIGUERA. Hibuera D. O. Hibue
ra M.
Guara Bask, Cucurbit a Latin.
Gentle, mild, tame. MATUM D. Bonia-
tum O.
Manso Italy, Matio (Foolish J Amato (beloved), Bo
nus, mitis Latin, Gathos Greek.

Guitar, Lyre. HABAO. R.

Hiuhaba Bask, Cholao Hindi, Balajo Jolof, Oboe,
Hinoa Italic D.
Garden, Delight, Joy, Happiness. COAI
R. CHALI Ey.
Lall, Loula Egypt, Chagla Aramic, Shall Cashmir,
ISkialar Sicily, Gala Yaul Scand, Hali Zend,
Italy,
Coya Pelagic, Aoa/i Arnioric, Quali Mexican,
Haylli Peru, Ululaez Maya.
Ghost, Spirit of Dead. GOEIZ. Opoyem
Ey.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 239
*

Necvya Epirian, Goe Greek, Ghaib Aramic and Per

sian, Goiti Slavic Goz Vilela, Coyocop .Xachez,
jjguis Peru.
Grand-father. AHIACAVO R. See Father.
Narguti In Ejeri D.
Guayac, Holy-wood. GUAYAC. Guaya-
can H. Griiacum O.
Grove, Forest. ARCABUTOS Ac.
Good. TIAO R. Taino D, See noble.
House, Habitation. BOA. BoJiio A. Bai
R. Canei M. Tunohoko Eyeri D. Primi
tive.
Ocos Pelagic, Hnstau TJomanic, Jicam Afr Atlantic,
Uyon Uigur, Huis Old French, Khaneh Persian, Ka-
naba Thibet, Oneh Old Egypt, Bantaba Fulah, Beit,
baith Aramic, Bara Pelvi, Batos, Beotes Pelagic,
Xna Hu Chinese, Bohiga Celtic, Ca Etruscan,
Dorian,
Abode, Booth English Bohio Apalachi, Buhio Maya,
Ochoch Poconchi, fiothi, Baua Galibi, Pohos Tao, Ni-
xai Quiche, Uya Lule, Bahi Aruac, Hitachi Peru, Oca
Guarani, Uca Omagua, Ba Mizteca, Chaho Tarasca.
Head, Summit, beginning, upon, peak.
ZIMU D. Huibo.
Cima, Suma Italic, Ima Sama Pelagic and Sanscrit,
Imula Ombay Id, Kimila Yedzo, Kima Ligurian,
Iman Arabic, Zimba Bunda Conjro, Yvma Japan
Uma Peruvian, Chtme Quiche, China Poconchi, Umitz
Nutka, Muhuti Cora, Yama Othomi.
Heliconia. BIHAO.
High, lofty, eminent, excellent, strong,
raised. TIHU. Tichetu, Car, Huibo, Via
Ti Pelagic, Tien Chinese, Tit has Greek, Auti, Alii
Italic, L. Tith Lybian, Tip Saxon, Timal Oscan,
Tohu Copt, Gibor Aramic, Bop Jolof, Obo Mogol, Ube
Singala. Iba Apalachi, Uebo, Uipo Galibi, Hayo
Cado.
240 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

Heaven, sky. TUREI D. Siela O, Coai-

ba R. Coyaba (Paradise.) Soraya (West
sky.) Ubec Ey.
Uranus, S/tia Greek, Tar an Old Persian, Irem Per
sian, Aru Osset, Ciel French, Coelum Latin, Arai Ta
hiti, Coelba Ausonian, Suraga Bug-is, Suroloyo Kawi,

Surya Sanserif, Sora Japan, Uren Armoric Aral Tu-

ran, Senia Bark, Uiain Pelagic, Hyalla Fullah.
Capu Yaoy and Tamanac, Coane Maya, Cabu Oto-
macas,Turd Paria, Hetucoba Apalachi, FaieGuara-
ni, Purini Tarasca, Cabo G alibi, Tacab Poconchi, Pa
cha Aymara.
Heart and Soul. NANICHI
Nasha Chaldic, Anima Latin, Han Chinese, Can
Turk, Hvchi Deri Persian, Uhane Havay, Zinio Af-
gan, Nima Pelagic,
Aim Egypt, Jlnichal Celtic,
Nehima Congo, Kaueshin Aleutian, /chick Huazteca
Jlqna. Cumana, Cama Peru, Nashawanith Powhatan,
Ninohuani Galibi, Nandi Ottomaca, Juani Y arura
Amitani Maipuri, &c.
Holy. Auc D. YAC G. GUACA R.
Cadish A ramie, Jlucus Old Latin, Hagios Greek, Agi
Tonga, Haga Pelagic, Ca Turan, Hancus Ausonian,
Khuab Old Egypt Aca, huaca Peru, Wakon Da
cota, Hitncait Cora, Hualic Huazteca.
Heat, hot, fever, dry. ZECIION. Zezio-
nes M.
Ako Old Arabic, Siciis Latin, Xerone, Chaone Pela

gian, Chon Egypt, Chaud (Cho) French, Can Roman

ic, Add Chili.
Hog, Swine, Pecari. ZAINO. Scuna Ac.
Sis-ino Japan, Cltinia Ausonian, Saina Russian,
Zayos Pelagic, Zannn Oscan, Smia/Ligurian, Muaca,
Charcu Celtic, Taguazen Guanch, Tayasu Guara-
ni, Sayoncs Calamari, Nigda Mbaya.

His, her, He, she. LI.

Hill. HUIBO D. Carive Laet, see moun
tain.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 241

Hollow, hole, YARA. Yari, Yaru. Coat-

ris. Trou, Creux French.
Hut. BOHARQUE M. Cartel G. Tuhono-
ko Ey. See House.
Insect. See Little.
Island, CAYA, Caic, Caiz, Caiques. All
see Earth and Land.
Infinite, RAPITA, Apito, Virita R. D. O.
title ofGod with Guaca holy. Analogies
with Rapid and Veritas Latin.
Invisible, GTJIMAZOA, Zuimaco, Quina-
zona R. D. O. title of God, com
other
pound words, perhaps of different import :

with many affinities in divine names of

Lybia, &c.
In, Within, Inside. Hiqui in Cuba Laet.
Nacan C.
Indigo, DIGO R.
Is, it is, this is.ZI primitive Ze in Mo
saic and Oriental Languages. He is, she
is, EL or eit, see Grammar.
King. CAZIC A. Cacique, Caciqui, Cax-
icus, Casiche Various spellings. See the
Annals.
Knowledge, to know. GUAROCO, D.
Char Aramic, Imparar Italic, Rasaca
Malay.
Life. Bi G. Primitive. I Oriental L.
Vita Italic, Bios Greek, Vie French.
Lizard. GUANA. Iguana A. Yuanas
Her, Aguana Guinea, lagandu Congo,
Atliaguan Pelagic, Manatha Aramic, Gu-
ha Singala, luganas Cumana, Leguan
Aruwak.
242 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

Labor. BORIA.
Laborer, Vassal, Servant. NABOR, Ana-
boria, Naboritis. See Annals.
Little, Small, Nothing, Insect. NIGUA.
Nianti Ey.
Nigu, niya Sicily, Niente Italic, Ngai Birman, Naga
Hindi, Ngni Newar. Guti Bask, Miuizi Gothic,
Piqua Peru, Ckigua Darien, Nechet Adaiz, Enchique
Yaoy.
Land. See Earth.
Lord. See Noble.
Light, Shining. TUREIGNA D. See Hea
ven.
Lake, HAGTJAI. See Water.
Man, men, male, husband, people. HITO
GUAM, CARI R. Magua G. 3 roots IT,
RI, AN, connected all over the world IT :

found in
Iota Old Gothic, Itua Polynesia, Toy Old Egypt,
Hitnos Pelagic, Hita Sanscrit, Ati Zend, Itga Nu
bian, Hetus Ausonian, Het Talahet, Dito Kavvi, Fito
Japan, Tvhihuit Cumanche, &c.
RI in Ria Congo, Vir Latin, Hari Tombuctu, Ira
Fambu, Er Turk, JHf Celtic and Haikan, Yeri Hun
garian, Ari Peruvian, Nieri lllyrian, Vair Gothic,
Viro Timtiacan, // Oscan, &c.
AN in Nan, Yang, Chinese D. Ani Anam, Gens

Latin, Han Mbaya, Huinac Tzendal, Aner Greek,

Oraug Malay, Guau Gaunch, Hua Apalachi, Hu-
entu Chili, Guana Guanas, &c.
Mother. MAMA D. Primitive word,
found in 500 Languages ; identic or nearly
so in all the Sanscrit and
European Lan
guages, the Atlantic Dialects, Bask and
Manchu, Egypt and Tartary, Thibet and
Polynesia; changed to Mu
in Chinese;
Am, Omin-Arabic Languages In Ame-
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 243

rica quite common also, least changed in

Hama Shebaoy, Amani, Adaiz, Ma Mo-
bima, Mama Betoy, Omagua and Peru.
Moon. MAROYO R. Marohus O. Mona,
Kati in Eyeri. See the Annals.
Much, Many. TOCIIETAD. Tucho Ibe
rian, Chuanti Ausonian, Chehel Persian,
Totus Latin. Tacha Achagua, Mioch
Mexican, Tobu Brazilian.
Mammeafruit. MAMEY D.
Millet. PANYCKE D Panicum Latin.
Mountain or hill, highlands, rough coun
try. TIHUI. Huibo, Baino, Bilbao, Hay-
ti.

Mtay Carthul, Oiten Lusitanian, Hauteur (pr hotoer)

French, Tith Pelagic, Buno, Romaic, Gulbo Araraic,
Tohu Copt, Uibui Galibi, Caquihuin Totonac-fv,
Titi Collas of Peru, Ehuata Omagua, Vata Tarasoa,
Hatez Chontal, Guetia Mbaya, &c.
Music, Noise. HABAO, Giahuba.
Hapan Pelagic, Hubub Celtic, Euba Congo, Bhatai
Bali, Behan Turan and Khorazan. Paypa Peru,
frhbal Huazteca, Tupan Guarani.
Me, I, my, mine, myself NI, N , MI,
M .
Primitive, found in all the European
and Asiatic Languages more or less devia
ted
Ni, Mich Bask, Ani Aramic, Mina Negro Langs,
Nio Japan, Ne, Me Mexican Languages, Na Apa-
lachi, Ni, Mi Linapi Dial, Hi Tarasca, Jlni Pimas
Muscolgi, Nia Cora, Mio Dacota, Gane, Kuno Japan.
Metal, hard. NIN. Guanin C. Hobin
D. Irania Sanscrit, Vina Jolof, Pa-
nilgue (Iron) Chili.
Manati, Sea-Cow. MANATI A. Laman-
tin French, Mamatino Sicilian.
 V
244 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

Mosquito. JEJEN D. Zinzara Toscan.

Mushroom. YEGAN. Guayegan R Fu
ngus, Agaricus Latin, Mycos Greek, Gu-
arib Slavic, Guaygrion Celtic, and Old
French.
Meadow. ZAVANA. Zabana A. See
Field.
Master, Lord. GUAMA. See Prince.
Mantle. YAGUAS. Her. See Dress.
Moving. MANA. See Grammar
Manioc. BONIATA O, is the mild kind,
Yuco D.
Mahogany. MAHOGANI H. Cahoba.
Mangrove tree. MANGLE H.
Noble, good, fine, handsome, lord, chief.
TAINO A. Mato Her, Nitaino, Mitaino
Dialects.
Thano Oscan, Tona Japan, Hainac, Theano, Tuyano
Pelagian, Turanos Greek, Zain Turk, Atueyn Birman,
No (fine) Greek, Ethauo Singala, Tayon Kamchatka,
Talen Iberian, Ona (good) Bask, Sitino Old Arabic ;

Tonos. Taminas Scythian, Maitai Polynesia, To-

ani Mexican, Tzalleine Huazteca, Votan Chontal,
Noen Mocobi, Nin Abipon, Hitana Apalachi.
No, Not, Nothing, Bad. MAYANA, MACA
D.
Eyni Mozabi, Lybian Nani Romanic, May Dorian,
;

Niani Ausonian, Niente Italian, Ima Tahiti, Mabi

Birman, Jin Copt, Jlma Othorni, Isana Cado, Ni-
tio Guarani, Mayan Puncays ; Ma, Matar Maya,
Mana Peru, Mnni Poconchi.

^
Nuts. Zibayos D Derived from Ziba
Stone.
Now, To-day. Di. See Grammar.
Adesso Oggidi Italian.
One, first, alone, unique, ATA, ATU R,
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 245

D. Primitive, found in 200 Languages.

Bat Bask, Yat Kong Chinese, Atus Oscan, Ada Ara-
mic, Ath Egypt, Ala Pelagic, Tahi Polynesia, Tah
Gaman Atr, Auto Greek, Yat Shilo Atlantic, Suat
Sumatra. Ata Muyzcas, Hatun Peru, Mato Pi-
mas, Ata Innuit, Aguit Vilela, Carata Sapibo, Nacut
Micniac, Scatta Onondago.
Old, oldman. UA, BOH. Beh, Bolrito,
Bohique A. See Priest. Holbo Copt,
Bial Huazteca, &c. Very old Uaua
as in Mexican.
Oldest, Eldest. NENECHIN, R. Aine
French.
Onion, Bulb, CABAICOS R. Macoanes
D.
Cepa Latin, Ceba Tonga T si. Kipo Nepal, Cipola Ital
ian,Cipuda Sicilian, Zaibel German, Bacang, Bawang
Malay and Javan.
Omnipotent. LIELLA R. Siela. Title of
God, analogies with EL, and Ciel Heaven
in French, pr. Siel.
Opossum. TON A R.
Ocymum. ZOCIIEN R.
Paddle, Oar. PAGAYA, Pages, Nae D.
Pain (boat) Tahiti, Nae is the root of
boat in all Oriental and Pelagic Langua
ges.
Pheasant. Babiayas Her. Cuba. Pha-
sianus Latin.
Palace. CANEI H. See House.
Peace, repose, rest, quiet. TOCA D.
Sata Lybian, Netuc Tozi old Arabic, Cu-
eto Sicilian, Paca Aussonian, Thegi Scand.
Pepper, pungent, sharp, strong taste.
Axi, AJI. Ages A. Ac is a primitive
word for sharp. Ac, ag Celtic, Acutus La
tin, Oxus Greek, Axi Cumana.
246 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

Priest. BOHITO. Bautio, Buhui, Bohi-

que, Behique. Boition, Bouiti, Buutio,
Boyeto, &c., by different writers, and in
Dialects. See the Annals and Notes.
Pontif, High-priest. BUHUI-TIHU A. See
High.
Part or Share. See Apart.
Pipe, Tube. TOBACO D. Tubus Latin,
Sipos Greek, Hukah Hindi, Chibuc Turk,
Bacana Carib.
Purple. RAGUI. Anigua D. Uarg Cel
tic, Banicos, Iberian.
Patatos. BATATAS. The same in South
America.
Place. GUARA R.
People, men. CHIVI, IBAR D. Cabrcs
Eyeri. See Man.
Parrot. PARACA. Maca Cuba and Aru-
ac.
Psidium pyriferum. Guava pear.
Guay-
ava, Guaxaba D.
Pimento. PIMENTO. Pimienta
Maya.
Poke. CUCATO. Xucato. Pocan Pow-
hatan, Coacum Mohigan, Cuechiliz Mexi
can.
Plain. MAGUA, See Field.
Palm. YAGUA O. Caico
Eyeri.
Paradise. COAIBAI R.
Her. See Hea
ven.
Physician. Bom G. See Priest.
Parsnep. GuaierosD.
Plumbtree, Myrobolan. XoBosR. Plumbs
Hicaco H. Cainito D.
Prince, Lord. GUAMA D.
Tequeni-gua,, Gua-miniqui Her, Hamon afr Atlantes,
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 247

Sawah Lybian, Lncumon Etruscan, Vimala S&nscrit,

Jllagi&ter Lat. Mana, 3Ienuk, Zend and Old Sanser,
Hamun I r^n,Bvyama Old Arabic Teqitanes Mexican.
Tuiuametin Tarasca, Tequrncs Muyzcas, Inquathil
Huazt*>ca, Amo Choco, Ahnn Maya,
&c.
Raft. BALZA A. Balza, Balca Italian
D. Balagan Malay.
Root, Yam. NIAMES. Ames, Sfames.
Ima Molucas, Land Macasar, Nutd Copt, Boniam
Celtic, Boan Persian, Niami African L. Nanat
Cora, Momatos Calarnari.
Rabbits. AGTJTI, Aguchi, Huti, Utia,
Cuti A. R. Peculiar Genus Cama like
Rabbits, 4 kinds in Ha) ti, says Laet.
Hutia Largest Chemi, Coin, Mohuy,
;

Smallest. Cama
and Pucarara in Dia
lects E. Quinaxes E. Cuba.
Sarayuchi Egypt, Guniyu Sicilian, Cvnic.ulus Latin,
Lag otis Greek, Ciiyes Quito, Coy Huazteca, Cuya
;

Peru, Gurus Tayronas, Quinazis Cauca.

Red. Ris. Diaz, ACHIOTO Her. Bay or
Scarlet-red. Pu, Bu.
Giria Bask, Kir is Arab, Rthita Sanscrit, Rosso Ital
ian, Riibus, Badius, I uniceus Latin, Phoenix, Erythroa
Greek, Bai Eoypt, Bui,ra .V
aroco, rbho Thibet.
Rich, Wealth, Wealthy, Treasure. Du-
CHI M. Duhos G. Duyhzi D
Divitia Latin, Guhya Sanscrit, Duhut Hindi,
Dites Daiien, Ciirca Quiche.
Rattle, Holy music. MARACA.
Amara Raya Pelagic.
Bali, Quaqua Huazteca,
Amaraca Tupi Brazil, Tamaraca Aruac and Anzcrma,
Malaca Apalachi.
Retreat. TIBA. Tlibe Moses, Tiba Thi
bet, T/ieba Egypt. &c.
Remora fish. RE^IORA G. Reveo H.
Rambos Ac. Remor Pelagic.
Rope. CABUYA G. Cable, Cord, Eng
lish, French, Italian.
River. See Stream.
248 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

Rites, worship, reality. REITI. Ritus

Latin &c.
Sea, Ocean. BAGUA V. Balahua Ey.
Evident analogy with Agua, Aqua, (wa
ter) in Spanish and Italian.
Talahua Mogol, ftalua, Pela Pelagic, Va Sanscrit,
M Persian, Baa Sussu of Afr, Panyui Tarahum, Ca-
gua Saliva, Gna Tupi.
Star, Bright. STAREI D. Primitive,
found from England to India.
Wisterias Greek, Aster Pelagic, Sial Osset, Taroth
Aramic, Tar a Hindi, Star a Sanscrit, Izeran, Yethra
African Atlantic, Izara 13ask, Sitarah Persian.
Sirica G alibi, Tamanac and Otomaca, Chirica Yaoy,
Silica Betoy, Ergrcti Abipon, Stan Aleutian, Setere
Patagon.
Sword, Club, Weapon. MAC AN A A. Ma-
chana O.
Mukenai Dorian, Makaira Greek, Magal Aramic,
Magvila Bask, Maco (spear) Gaunch, May ado (club)
Do. Mazza Italian. Mace Old English, Macana
Darien, and many other languages or South America.
Macahui \\ exi can .

Stream, River, Flood, NIQUEN. Neguin

D. Ziniquin, Culien, Agua in Cuba.
Dhuni Dunic Osset, Dejiamen Guanch,
Scanscrit,
Chuen Chinese, Cuemen Celtic, Hnnica Kay an Turan,
Naltuen Pehlvi, Jlmnica Ausonian, Nukil Afgan,
Binanga Bugi, Annigan Scand, Jinnegar (to drown^)
Italian, Nikji, Kldan Lezjjhi, ]\ihar, Toba Old Ara
bic. Wuinic Arnac, J\ecua Yarura, Cuyk Aleu
tian, Nidachi Cado, Uchi Chacta.
FURACANE D.
Storm, Hurricane, Fury.
Huracanes G. Urogan Ey. Derived from
rage and fury of elements, primitive roots.
Rages Soar ah, (rage and storm) Aramic, ftacas
Toba Arabic, Taravat African Negros, Burasca Ital
ian, Oraye French, Hvrlig Saxon, &c.
Sun. BOINIAL, BINTHAITEL. See Annals.
Kachi in Eyeri. See King.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 249

Setting Sun, the West. SORAYA. See

Heaven.
Surya Sanscrit, Soir evening in French, Sera in Ital
ian, Vesper, Hesper, Pelagic, Spera iJomaic.
Song, see Dance. Soul, see Heart.
Small, see Little.

Son, EL. Sons, ILL See Annals. Ra-

bu, in Eyeri. See Grammar.
Stone, Rock. ZIBA A. See the Annals.
Rocky Zibao.
Such. GUA. Demonstrative article much
employed, found in many old languages.
Ath Aramic, Arabic, Hebrew, Egyptian,
&/c. (jfiici in South America.

Shell. GUEY C. COHOB O.

Strong. CARIB, AGI A. See Pepper.
Shark. TIBURON Ac. TEBURA O.
Stranger. CHAPETONAC. Guachinango
Diaz in Cuba.
Soup, Boiled. CALALTJ. Bollito It. Olla
Spt.
Snake. BOBA in Boriquen. Boa Afri
can L., Ob Oriental L., Coluber Latin,
Ophis Greek. Coa Mexican, Boya Gu-
arani.
The, English indicative article I, HI, HIN,
ZI, NI, LI. Primitive, variable in Dia
same as I Italian, IL, L do.
lects, root I,
Ye Old English, I Persian and Lybian,
Y",

\n Celtic, Y Old Arabic, Ni, Illyrian,N>

Old Havay, TI Cora, TL Mexican,

Ini Pimal, Ni Lapani D., Nuya Achagua,
lu Payuri. See Grammar.
This, that, these, those. GUA, same as
such. See Grammar.
250 HAYTAIN LANGUAGE.

Thou, thy, thine. TI, TE. Primitive

from Celtic to Sanscrit. Tx, te, toi, tien
Greek and Illiryan, nearly similar in Bask,
Gothic, Pelagic, Latin, Italian, Persian,
Magyar, &c.
Take. CHUG C. Chugue Her. Busca
Italian, Aku Lampung of Sumatra.
Huyca Huazteca, Uhca Tarasca.
Tomato. TOMATES G.
Temple. See Church.
Tree. See Wood.
Town, habitation. BOIIIO, same as house
~Bakus, Pagus, Urbis Italic L., Paese, Pays, Payz
Modern Greek D., Bajeth Aramic, Huebo
L., C/ioyo
Iberian, Bohus Pelagic, Bya Scand, &c.
Thread. Hico D. Hilo Oscan, Trico
Greek, Hagu Nepal Hito, Pito Ma
ya.
Tobacco, COHIBA O. COGIOBA R. Co-
hoba D. DoJekan Arabic, Tuhica Nuba,
Turtle. ICOTA G. ICOTEA H. Cabini D.
Chucua, Icuma Sanscrit, Boco Bali.
Cotos Cumana.
Two, or Second. BEM? Bi Bask, Bi-
nus Latin, Ambi Italian.
Three, or Third. ABEM ?
Tame, Mild. MATUM D. Boniatum O.
Bonus Latin.
Throne. DUCHI M.
Vine, BEJUCO D. Bixuco,
Creeper.
Bexucum Bochuco M. Grape-vine.
O.,
UVERIU. Uyeros M. Uva Italian, Viniera
Catalan, Zibi Arabic, Ivy (pr Aivi) English*
Vassal. See Laborer.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 251

Water. AMA. BAGTJA.

Primitive. Ma Atlantes and Lybian, Jlman Modern
Atlantes, demon Gaunch, Mohu Copt, Nam
Siam,
Maim Arabic, Balua Pelagic, Oman Old Arabic,
Ameh Affadeh Negros, Maza Congo, Kama Corana,
Asma Romaic, Agua Spanish, Aigo Komanic, Lagus,
Lacus (lake) Latin and Celtic. May, iWayu, Peru,
Nhama Puris, Amuk, Ahua Tzuluki, lia Chontal, Ma
ya, A
Mexican, Agua Veras:ua, Ak Atakapus, Haya
Shebay, Aya Fatura, Ahay Kslen, &c.
Woman, Wife. INUYA. HITA. ITI. BIBI
Inara, Liani, Clmron, Ey.
Several roots, Iti same as Hito man, Bibi is wife D.
Gyna Greek, Guine Old French, Nurin Desatir and
Hindi, Cunica, Enaztia, Toy a Bask D., lona Pela
gic,Zaita (girl) Bask, Zitta (bride) Sicilian, Tanaya
Tedla Atlantic, Yuri, JVm Chinese Dialects, Ita, Itua
Oscan, Gin Haikan, Gina Australia, Cuinta Congo,
Nuriu Hindi, Mac/tint Polynesia; Ana, Biana Oscan,
Puta Venitian, Heana Beana Celtic, Zilella (girl)
Italian, Nurani Pehlvi, S/tiii d Copt, Wanito Kawi,
Uxor (wife) Latin, Boba, Chura Slavic Bui gar, Biby
Malabar, Muchn Iran, Keion (girl) Dorian Greek,
Koriza Romanic, &c. Uita Cora, Zitua Mexican,
Nua.titu Saliva, Esena Moxas, Tigny Muyzcas, Tinio
Maypuri, Yate Mocobi, Nikib Atakapus, Zina (girl)
Otlmmi, Wanita Uchi, Iras Cumana, Ira Coyba, Nia
Apalachi.
White. YUCA, LUCA A.
Leucas Greek, CaTuran, Casis Scythian, Chnna Bask
JHuca Le/ghi, Cuc.ua Abask, Luza Chacta, Elu
Galibi, Lapaca Mbaya, Zaco Totonaca, Luc Chili, Yu-
rac Peru, Hacaya Cado, Usca Ozage, Yutaga Moco-
bi. 2c Maya.
Wood MACA, MAPU A. BUTOS
or Tree.
Ac. Maica Chimala Dialects.-i
Klia Circaz, Micha Abask, Khad Osset, Taimala
Lezghi, Makia Oscan, (yet forest in Toscan,) Gas
Hindi, Gatz Pehlvi, Aguz Tartar, Cayu Malay,
Ca Omagua and Guarani, Caa Mbaya, Kag Atnka-
pns, Canch "Marh^z, ATirr i
252 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.
&c. [Butos is like Bois (bua) French, Wood (Vud)
English.
War, Army. GUAZAVARA G. Huctu Ey.
Warrior. VARA. Root same as in Eng
lish and Gothic, Guerra Italian. &c.
Wanderer. UMAKUA Ey. Omuvagu Si
cilian.
Wind or Air. BANZEX D. Primitive,
Baud Old Arabic, Hindu, Bad Persian, Ban Ru-
>Bao

yaga, Jlndai Oscan, Nabhn Sanscrit, Bentus Ausonian,

Batia Kawi, Hanem Pelagic, Jlhklia Abask, Ehe-
ca Mexican, Jlcate Cora Pvco Cbetimacha,
, c.

West. SORAIA R. Warab Old Arabic,

Varapa, Saraya Sanscrit, Urop Pelagic,
Hesper Greek, Vesper Latin, Ural Bugis.
Sor Aramic. See Setting Sun.
World. UUEYA, OCON R. D. On Ori
ental Root, Xton Greek, Queya from Quis-
caya whole earth.
Which, HIQUI Laet. Qui French, 11-
quale Italian, Cui Sicilian.
Worms. Cusi. Piojo in Jamaica.
Cus Lybian, J3aco Toscan, Pioc (vermin)
Celtic.
Yes. HA. Primitive. Ha Lezghi, Ya
Gothic and Lamut, Do Ostiac, Aham
Arabic, Am
Haikan, A Timani and Bu-
lam Africa, Uaa Jolof, Yaga Congo, Ay
English, Hea African Atlantes, Haha
Apalachi, Aa Otomaco,
Aleutian, Haa
Othomi and Cumanchi, Ya Totonac and
Puris, May Chili, Oyah Ozage, Ahi Cado,
Yasay Aruac.
Yellow. HOBAS. Majob Lezghi, Lobi-
dus Ausonian, Bahenda Biaju of Borneo,
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 253

Aubain (Oben) Old French, Hoang Chi

nese.
Yuca gloriosa. YUCA E. same in Mexi
co, meaning bright, white.

FRAGMENTS ON THE WESTERN DIALECTS OF

CUBA, JAMAICA, AND THE LUCAYAS ISLANDS
C. Cuba, by Herrera, Diaz, Columbus,
Acosta, Laet, Munoz, &c.
J. Jamaica, by Columbus, Garcia, Go-
mara, &c.
L. Lucayas, by Columbus, Acosta, Ovi-
edo, &c.
Land or Country, Katos, L. Xai J. JVa-
can, Guaca, C.
Island, Caya, L Cayo, C Caic J.
Stranger, Guachinango, C,
House, Bohio, C.
Remora, Reves, C.
Partridge, Lizas, C. by Ocampo.
Pheasant, Babiayas, C.
Parrot, Maxa C. Macan, J.
Prince, Lord, Guami, C.
Rabbits, Usias, Hutic, Quinaxes C.
Hutia L.
Opuntia, Tuna C.
Cacao, Cacao C.
Priest, Behique, Bohique C. L.
River, Agua C.
Corn, Maysi, C.
Bread, Zabi, C.
God, Yocahuna, Guama-coti, Guama-
oxocoti, C.
Supreme being, Attabex, C.
22
254 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.
I

Ghost, Dupi, J.
Life, Bi, C. L.
Fountain, Mini, C. L.
Wood, Maica, J.
Cedar, Cauvana, C.
Dog, Alco, C.
Alligator, Cayaman, C.
Poke, Cucato, J.
Fire-fly, Locuyos, C. Zievas, L.
Noble, 70, Ttfato, C.
Shell, Cohobas, C.
Guayac, Guacum, C.
Red, Jfo s, C.
White Worm, Cwsi", J.
Palm Worm, Piojo, J.
King. Caxicus, C.
Within, Hiqui, Nacan, C.
Gold, Nucay, C. L. Columbus.
Yams, Mames, C.
Grape Vine, Uveros, C.
FRAGMENTS ON THE EYERI EASTERN DIALECTS
OF BORIQUEN AND THE CARIB ISLANDS.
B. Boriquen, by Herrera, Acosta,&c.
E. Dialect of the Women of Carib, quite
different from Carib, by Rochefort, &,c.
Land, Island, Kati, E. Ca, Ay, B.
God, locana, Guama-nomocon^ B.
Noble, Ditayno, B.
Snake, Boba, B.
Cloudy, Furzidi, B.
Mahogany, Maga, B.
Poison Apple, Manzanila, B.
Cotton Tree, Zeyba, B.
-
Violet, Quibey, B.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 255

Bananas, Camois, E.
Coco, Coquillas, B.
Guayac, Guage, B.
Hog, Sairie, B.
Boat, Piraguas, B.
Wood, Tree, Bow, Chimala, E.
Angel, Chemin, Angels, Chemignum, E.
Spirits, Opoyem, E.
Moon, Mona, Kati, E.
Storm, Urogan, E.
Blood, Moinalu, E.
Heaven or above, Ubec, E.
Bread, Maru, E.
Boat, Canoa, Pages, E.
Man, Eyeri, Men, Eyerium, E,
Woman, Inaru, Women, Inuyum, E.
Foe, Akani, EJ
E.
Little, Nianti,
House, Hut, Tuhonoco, E.
<Jarden, CAK, JE,

War, Nihuctu, E.
Mother, !?&, Nucu-churon, E.
Father, Baba, Nucu-chili, E.
Grandfather, Narguti, E.
Wife, Liani, E.
Son, Rabu, E.
Daughter, Rahen, E.

Heart, Nanichi, E.
Vassal, Labuyu, E.
Sea, Balana, E.
Bed, Nekera, E.
Sun, Kachi, Cochi, E.
Money, Agucat.
562 HAYTAN LANGUAGE.

Palm, Caico.
Red, Pu, E.
People, Ibas, B. Cabres, E.
Priest, Boyez, E.
Wanderer, Umckua, E.
Devil,Mabuya, E.
VOCABULARY OF THE CAIRI OF TRINIDAD
ISLAND, 1594.
This Dialect of the ARUAC is the nearest
geographicaly to the Eyeri, and yet very
different ; nearer in words to the Aruac of
the Continent. Therefore the Aruac and
Taino altho belonging to the same group,
are distinct Languages, and the two people
had been separated for ages.
Dudley collected in 1594, about 55 words
of it, which are in Purchas, yet have been
neglected by all the Philologists, Out of
these 27 are in my Taino List, and offer
16 affinities, equal to 56 per cent. The re
mainder 27, lack there and cannot be com
pared ; but afford a kind of supplement to it*
16 COMPARABLE WORDS AKIN IN BOTH,
Man, Guttemock.
Woman, Hiaru.
Heaven, Huihua.
Gold, CalcoarL
Maize, Mauris*
Pipe, Bayu.
Shell, Tibetibe.
Water, Bara, Oronuy.
Sun, Hadali.
Moon, Katti.
Bread, Callit.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 25?

Fire, HicJcet.
Eyes, Cost, Scrath.
Boat, Canoa, Canosin.
Stone, Sibath.
Head, Cabbo.
12 DIFFERENT COMPARABLE WORDS.
Copper, Arara.
Metal, Iron, Mointiman.
Emerald, Taarao.
Sword, Caspar a.
This, My, Da, D.
Parrot, Wahowa.
Tree, Mentini.
Potato, Halete.
Batatas, Caenuda.
Knife, Yedola.
Basket, Queca.
Tobacco, Hurreit.
27 ADDITIONAL WORDS NOT COMPARABLE.
Hand, Can.
Feet, CuttL
Knees, Cude.
Toes, Boda.
Hair, Bairo, Barah.
Bow, Marahabo.
Arrow, Semaro.
Spoon, Heldaro.
Silver, Perota.
Forehead, DessL
Tongue, Dill.
Ears, Dudica.
Lips, Desire.
Teeth, Arehe.
Monkey, Howa,
258 HAYTAIN LANGUAGE.

Chest,Bodad.
Well, Sakd.
Bracelet, Techir.
Scissors, Arkeano.
Comb, Baruda.
Mouth, Lacoak.
Bell, Toletilero.
Adoth.
Stick,
Beach, Barenaine.
Flying fish, Bohery.
Tunny fish, Uassa.
I dont know, Nonquo, Nonquapa.
FRAGMENT ON THE ARAGUAS OF BRAZIL, 1519.
As early as 1519, Pigafetta collected a
dozen words of the Brazilian Language;
which are quite different from the Tupi ,
but very akin to the Haytian. Altho he
does not name the tribe he visited, they
must have been Araguas, who are thus
traced to the Aruac Stock. This great na
tion was still further extended; since the
Patagons or Tinguis, the Chiquitos or
Taos, and perhaps the Charruas belonged
to it, show elsewhere. Meantime
as I shall
adding some words from Cabot &
Vespucci,
we have 17 Araguas words, whereof 14 are
comparable with the Haytian, offering 10
affinities, which gives 72 per cent of mutual
analogy, much more than with the Cairi.
10 CONSIMILAR WORDS.
House, Boi, Bohio, by Cabot.
Corn, Maiz.
Rattle, Hanmaraca.
Boat, Canoe.
 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE. 259

Sword, Macana, Cabot.

King, Cachic, (written CacicK) Italian
Ortography.
Good, Turn.
Bed, Hamac.
Big-land, Taquino, by Vespuci, name of
Brazil.
4 DIFFERENT COMPARABLE WORDS.
Knife, Tarse.
Bananas, Pacaras.
Pear, Caxus, by Cabot.
Meal or Cassave, Hui.
3 WORDS NOT COMPARABLE.
Hook, Pinda.
Pirame.
Scissors,
Comb, Chipag.
260 HAYTIAN LANGUAGE.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Preface, Page 3
Chapter I. General Introduction, 13
Ch. II. Materials, 35
Ch. III. Cataclysms and floods, 76
Notes, 98
Ch. IV. General View, - 101
Notes, 117
Ch. V. Linapi annals from the creation
to 1820, 121
Notes, 149
Ch. VI. Haytian annals, - 162
Theogony and Cosmogony, 166
Antidiluvian History, 173
Ancient History, - 176
Notes, 204
Ch. VII. Haj tian Language restored, 215
Comparative Vocabularies, 230
-
Dialects, - 253

END OF FIRST VOLUME.