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Maths For It

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15 views

Maths For It

Uploaded by

Jeremiah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ATIF AHMED OMER 22/1886/BIT-J

QUESTIONS.

1. Show that [(p ∨ q) 𝖠 (r ∨ ¬q)] → (p ∨ r) is a tautology


To show that this is a tautology, we need to demonstrate that it is true for all possible truth values of p,
q, and r.

p q r p∨q ¬q r ∨ ¬q (p ∨ q) 𝖠 (r ∨ ¬q) p∨r [(p ∨ q) 𝖠 (r ∨ ¬q)] → (p ∨ r)


T T T T F T T T T

T T F T F F F T T

T F T T T T T T T

T F F T T T T T T

F T T T F T T T T

F T F T F F F F T

F F T F T T F T T

F F F F T T F F T

Since the expression [(p ∨ q) 𝖠 (r ∨ ¬q)] → (p ∨ r) is true for all possible truth values of p, q, and r,
it is a tautology.

2. Show that the two statements (p 𝖠 q) → r and (p → r) 𝖠 (q → r) are not


logically equivalent
To show that two statements are not logically equivalent, we need to find at least one case where their
truth values differ.

p q r p𝖠q (p 𝖠 q) → r p→r q→r (p → r) 𝖠 (q → r)


T T T T T T T T

T T F T F F F F

T F T F T T T T

T F F F T F T F

F T T F T T T T

F T F F T T F F

F F T F T T T T

F F F F T T T T

BIT1203 MATHEMATICS FOR IT 1/2


ATIF AHMED OMER 22/1886/BIT-J
In the case where p is true, q is true, and r is false, (p 𝖠 q) → r is false while (p → r) 𝖠 (q → r) is
true. This demonstrates that the two statements are not logically equivalent.

3. Of 1000 shoppers in a supermarket, 425 bought white bread but no brown


bread, 357 bought brown bread but no white bread, and 135 bought both white
and brown bread. How many bought neither?
Let's define:

W : Number of shoppers who bought white bread


B: Number of shoppers who bought brown bread
W ∩ B: Number of shoppers who bought both white and brown bread

From the problem:

W − (W ∩ B) = 425
B − (W ∩ B) = 357
W ∩ B = 135

To find the total number of shoppers who bought either white or brown bread, we add these numbers:
W + B − (W ∩ B) = 425 + 357 + 135 = 917

The total number of shoppers is 1000, so the number of shoppers who bought neither type of bread
is:
1000 − 917 = 83

Thus, 83 shoppers bought neither white nor brown bread.

BIT1203 MATHEMATICS FOR IT 2/2

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