NCERT Solutions for Class 9

Mathematics
Chapter 4-Linear Equations in Two Variables

Exercise 4.1

1. Construct a linear equation in two variables to express the following

statement.
The cost of a textbook is twice the cost of an exercise book.
Ans: Let the cost of a textbook be x rupees and the cost of an exercise book be
y rupees.
The given statement: Cost of Notebook is twice the cost of Pen.
So, in order to form a linear equation,
the cost of the textbook = 2× the cost of an exercise book.
 x=2y
 x-2y=0 .

2. Determine the values of a , b , c from the following linear equations by

expressing each of them in the standard form ax+by+c=0 .
(i) 2x+3y=9.35
Ans: The given linear equation is

2x+3y=9.35

Subtracting 9.35 from both sides of the equation gives

2x+3y  9.35=0
Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear
equation, ax+by+c=0 , the values of a,b, and c are obtained as

a=2 ,
b=3 , and

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 1

c  9.35

y
(ii) x- -10=0
5
Ans: The given linear equation is
y
x- -10  0
5
Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear
equation, ax+by+c=0 , the values of a,b, and c are obtained as

a  1,
1
b   , and
5
c  10 .

(iii) -2x+3y=6
Ans: The given linear equation is
-2x+3y=6
Subtracting 6 from both sides of the equation gives
2x+3y  6  0
Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear
equation, ax+by+c=0 , the values of a,b, and c are obtained as

a  2 ,
b  3 , and
c  6 .

(iv) x=3y
Ans: The given linear equation can be written as
1x  3y
Subtracting 3y from both sides of the equation gives

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 2

1x-3y+0=0
Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear
equation ax+by+c=0 , the values of a,b, and c are obtained as

a  1,
b  3 , and
c  0.

(v) 2x = -5y
Ans: The given linear equation is
2x  5y .
Adding 5y on both sides of the equation gives

2x+5y+0=0 .
Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear
equation, ax+by+c=0 , the values of a,b, and c are obtained as

a  2,
b  5 , and
c  0.

(vi) 3x+2=0
Ans: The given linear equation is
3x+2=0 .
Rewriting the equation gives
3x+0y+2=0
Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of linear
equation ax+by+c=0 , the values of a,b, and c are obtained as

a  3,
b  0 , and
c  2.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 3

(vii) y-2=0
Ans: The given linear equation is
y-2=0
The equation can be expressed as
0x+1y-2  0
Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear
equation, ax+by+c=0 , the values of a,b, and c are obtained as

a  0,
b  1 , and
c  2 .

(viii) 5=2x
Ans: The given linear equation is
5=2x .
The equation can be written as
-2x+0y+5=0 .
Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear
equation ax+by+c=0 , the values of a,b, and c are obtained as

a  2 ,
b  0 , and
c  5.

Exercise 4.2

1. Complete the following statement by choosing the appropriate answer

and explain why it should be chosen?
y=3x+5 has ___________.
(a) A unique solution,
(b) Only two solutions,

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 4

(c) Infinitely many solutions.
Ans: Observe that, y  3x+5 is a linear equation.

Now, note that, for x  0 , y  0+5=5 .

So,  0,5  is a solution of the given equation.

If x=1 , then y  3×1+5  8 .

That is, 1,8  is another solution of the equation.

5
Again, when y  0 , x   .
3
 5 
Therefore,   ,0  is another solution of the equation.
 3 
Thus, it is noticed that for different values of x and y , different solutions are
obtained for the given equation.
So, there are countless different solutions exist for the given linear equation in
two variables. Therefore, a linear equation in two variables has infinitely many
solutions.
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

2. Determine any four solutions for each of equations given below.

(i) 2x  y  7 .
Ans: The given equation
2x+y  7 is a linear equation.
Solving the equation for y gives

y=7-2x .

Now substitute x=0,1,2,3 in succession into the above equation.

For x=0 ,
2  0  +y=7

 y=7

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 5

So, one of the solutions obtained is  x,y  =  0,7  .

For x=1 ,
2 1 +y=7

 y=5

Therefore, another solution obtained is  x,y  = 1,5  .

For x=2 ,
2  2  +y=7

 y=3

That is, a solution obtained is  x,y  =  3,1 .

Also, for x=3 ,

2  3 +y=7

 y=1

So, another one solution is  x,y  =  3,1 .

Thus, four solutions obtained for the given equations are  0,7  , 1,5  ,  2,3 ,
 3,1 .

(ii) πx  y  9 .
Ans: The given equation
x  y  9 …… (a)
is a linear equation in two variables.
By transposing, the above equation (a) can be written as
y=9-πx .

Now substitute x=0,1,2,3 in succession into the above equation.

For x=0 ,
y=9-π  0 

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 6

  y=9

Therefore, one of the solutions obtained is  x,y  =  0,9  .

For x=1 ,
y  9  π 1

 y  9 π.

So, another solution obtained is  x,y  = 1,9-π  .

For x=2 ,
y  9  π  2

 y  9  2π

That is, another solution obtained is  x,y  =  2,9-2π  .

Also, for x=3 ,

y  9  π  3
 y  9  3π .

Therefore, another one solution is  x,y  =  3,9-3π  .

Thus, four solutions obtained for the given equations are  0,9  , 1,9,-π  ,
 2,9-2π  ,  3,9-3π  .

(iii) x  4y .
Ans: The given equation
x=4y is a linear equation in two variables.
By transposing, the above equation can be written as
x
y= .
4
Now substitute x=0,1,2,3 in succession into the above equation.
For x=0 ,

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 7

 0
y  0.
4
Therefore, one of the solutions is  x,y  =  0,0  .

For x  1,
1
y .
4
 1
So, another solution of the given equation is  x,y  = 1,  .
 4
For x=2 ,
2 1
y  .
4 2
 1
That is, another solution obtained is  x,y  =  2,  .
 2
Also, for x=3 ,
3
y .
4
 3
Therefore, another one solution is  x,y    3,  .
 4

 1  1
Thus, four solutions obtained for the given equations are  0,0  ,  1,  ,  2,  ,
 4  2
 3
 3,  .
 4

3. Identify the actual solutions of the linear equation x-2y=4 from each of
the following solutions.
(i)  0, 2 

Ans: Substituting x=0 and y=2 in the Left-hand-side of the equation x-2y=4
gives

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 8

x-2y  0  2  2 
 4
 4.
Therefore, Left-hand-side is not equal Right-hand-side of the given equation for
 x,y    0,2  .
Hence,  0,2  is not a solution of the equation x-2y=4 .

(ii)  2, 0 
Ans: Substituting x=2 and y=0 in the Left-hand-side of the equation x-2y=4
gives
x-2y  2  2  0 
2
 4.
Therefore, Left-hand-side is not equal Right-hand-side of the given equation for
 x,y    2,0  .
Hence,  2,0  is not a solution of the equation x-2y=4 .

(iii)  4, 0 
Ans: Substituting x=4 and y=0 in the Left-hand-side of the equation x-2y=4
gives
x-2y  4  2  0 
 4.
Therefore, Left-hand-side is equal Right-hand-side of the given equation for
 x,y    4,0  .
Hence,  4,0  is a solution of the equation x-2y=4 .

(iv)  2,4 2 
Ans: Substituting x= 2 and y=4 2 in the Left-hand-side of the equation
x-2y=4 gives

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 9

x-2y  2  2 4 2  
 2 8 2
 7 2
 4.
Therefore, Left-hand-side is not equal Right-hand-side of the given equation for
 x,y    2,4 2 . 
Hence,  
2,4 2 is not a solution of the equation x-2y=4 .

(v) 1, 1
Ans: Substituting x  1 and y  1 in the Left-hand-side of the equation x-2y=4
gives
x-2y  1  2 1
1 2
 1
 4.
Therefore, Left-hand-side is not equal Right-hand-side of the given equation for
 x,y   1,1 .
Hence, 1,1 is not a solution of the equation x-2y=4 .

4. If  x, y    2,1 is a solution of the equation 2x+3y=k , then what is the

value of k ?
Ans: By substituting x  2 , y  1 and into the equation

2x+3y=k gives

2  2  +3 1 =k

 4+3=k
 k=7 .
Hence, the value of k is 7 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 10

Exercise 4.3

1. Graph each of the linear equations given below.

(i) x+y=4
Ans: The given linear equation is
x+y=4
 y=4–x …… (a)
Substitute x  0 into the equation (a) gives
y  4  0  4.
Similarly, substituting x  2,4 in succession into the equation (a), the following
table of y -values are obtained:

x 0 2 4
y 4 2 0

Now, Plot the points  0,4  ,  2,2  and  4,0  on a graph paper and connect the
points by a straight line.
Thus, the following graph of the straight line represents the required graph of
the linear equation x+y  4 .

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(ii) x–y=2
Ans: The given linear equation is
x-y  2
 y  x  2 …… (a)
Substitute x  0 into the equation (a) gives
y  0  2  2.
Similarly, substituting x  2,4 in succession into the equation (a), the following
table of y -values are obtained:

x 0 2 4
y 2 0 2

Now, Plot the points  0, 2  ,  2,0  and  4,2  on a graph paper and connect the
points by a straight line.
Thus, the following graph of the straight line represents the required graph of
the linear equation x  y  2 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 12

(iii) y=3x
Ans: The given linear equation is
y  3x …… (a)
Substitute x  0 into the equation (a) gives
y  3 0   0.

Similarly, substituting x  2, 2 in succession into the equation (a), the

following table of y -values are obtained:

x 0 2 2
y 0 6 6
Now, Plot the points  0,0  ,  2,6  and  2, 6  on a graph paper and connect
the points by a straight line.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 13

Thus, the following graph of the straight line represents the required graph of
the linear equation y  3x .

(iv) 3=2x+y
Ans: The given linear equation is
3  2x+y
 y  3  2x …… (a)
Substitute x  0 into the equation (a) gives
y  3  2 0  3.

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Similarly, substituting x  1,3 in succession into the equation (a), the following
table of y -values are obtained:

x 0 1 3
y 3 1 3

Now, Plot the points  0,3 , 1,1 and  3, 3 on a graph paper and connect the
points by a straight line.
Thus, the following graph of the straight line represents the required graph of
the linear equation 3  2x  y .

2. Provided that the equations of two lines passing through the point  2,14 
. Can there exist more than two equations of such type? If it is, then state
the reason.
Ans: Provided that equations of two lines passing through  2,14  .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 15

It can be noted that the point  2,14  satisfies the equation 7x-y=0 and
x-y+12=0 .
So, the equations 7x-y=0 and x-y+12=0 represent two lines passing through
point  2,14  .

Now, since we know that through infinite number of lines can pass through any
one point, so, there are infinite number such type of lines exist that passes
through the point  2,14  .

Hence, there exist more than two equations whose graph passes through the
point  2,14  .

3. Determine the value of a in the linear equation 3y=ax+7 if the point

 3,4  lies on the graph of the equation.
Ans: Given that 3y=ax+7 is a linear equation and the point  3, 4  lies on the
equation.
Substituting x=3 , y=4 in the equation gives
3y=ax+7

 3 4  =a  3 +7

 3a  5
5
a  .
3
5
Hence, the value of a is .
3

4. Derive a linear equation for the following situation:

For the first kilometre, a cab take rent 8 rupees and for the subsequent
distances it becomes 5 rupees per kilometre. Assume the distance covered
is x km and total rent is y rupees. Hence, draw the graph of the linear
equation.
Ans: Let the total distance covered  x km

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 16

and the total cost for the distance travelled  y rupees.

It is given that the rent for 1st kilometre is 8 rupees and for the subsequent km,
it is 5 rupees per kilometre.
Therefore, rent for the rest of the distance   x-1 5 rupees.

Total cost for travelling x km is given by

y= 8+  x-1 5

 y=8+5x-5
 y=5x+3 …… (1)
 5x-y+3=0 ,
which is the required linear equation.
Now, substituting x  0 into the equation (1) gives
y  50  3  3 .

Similarly, substituting x  1,  1 in succession into the equation (1), the

following table of y -values are obtained:

x 0 1 1
y 3 8 2

Now, Plot the points  0,3 , 1,8 and  1, 2  on a graph paper and connect the
points by a straight line.
Thus, the following graph of the straight line represents the required graph of
the linear equation 5x-y+3=0 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 17

It is concluded by observing the graph of the linear equations that the variable
x and y represent the distance travelled by the car and the total cost of rent for
the distance respectively. Therefore, x and y are non-negative quantities.

Thus, only the first quadrant of the graph of the linear equation 5x-y+3=0 is
only valid.

5. Choose the correct linear equation for the given graphs in (a) and (b).
(a) (i) y  x
(ii) x  y  0

(iii) y  2x

(iv) 2  3y  7x

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 18

Ans: It is observed in the given graph that the points  1,1 ,  0,0  , and 1, 1
lie on the straight line. Also, the coordinates of the points satisfy the equation
x+y=0 .
So, x+y=0 is the required linear equation corresponding to the given graph.

Hence, option (ii) is the correct answer

(b) (i) y  x  2
(ii) y  x  2

(iii) y  x  2

(iv) x  2y  6

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 19

Ans: It is observed in the given graph that the points  1,3 ,  0,2  , and  2,0 
lie on the straight line. Also, the coordinates of the points satisfy the equation
y   x+2 .
So, y   x+2 is the required linear equation corresponding to the given graph.
Hence, option (iii) is the correct answer.

6. The work done by a body on the application of a constant force is

proportional to the distance moved by the body. Formulate this relation by
a linear equation and graph the same by using a constant force of five
units. Hence from the graph, determine the work done when the distance
moved by the body is
(i) 2 units
(ii) 0 unit.
Ans: Let the distance moved by the body be x units and the work done be y
units.
Now, given that, work done is proportional to the distance.
Therefore, y  x .

 y  kx ,…… (a)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 20

where, k is a constant.
By considering constant force of five units, the equation (a) becomes
y  5x …… (b)
Now, substituting x  0 into the equation (b) gives
y  5 0  0 .

Similarly, substituting x  1, 1 in succession into the equation (b), gives the

following table of y -values.

x 0 1 1
y 0 5 5

Now, Plot the points  0,0  , 1,5  and  1, 5  on a graph paper and connect
the points by a straight line.
Thus, the following graph of the straight line represents the required graph of
the linear equation y  5x .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 21

It can be concluded by observing the graph of the linear equation that the value
of y corresponding to x=2 is 10 . Thus, when the distance moved by the body
is 2 units, then the work done by it is 10 units.
Also, the value of y corresponding to x=0 is 0 . So, when the distance travelled
by the body is 0 unit, then the work done by it is 0 unit.

7. Derive a linear equation that satisfies the following data and graph it.
Sujata and Suhana, two students of Class X of a school, together donated
100 rupees to the Prime Minister’s Relief Fund for supporting the flood
victims.
Ans: Let Sujata and Suhana donated x rupees and y rupees respectively to the
Prime Minister’s Relief fund.
Given that, the amount donated by Sujata and Suhana together is 100 rupees.
Therefore, x+y  100 .

 y  100  x …… (a)
Now, substituting x  0 into the equation (a) gives
y  100  0  100 .
Similarly, substituting x  50,100 in succession into the equation (a), gives the
following table of y -values.

x 0 50 100
y 100 50 0

Now, Plot the points  0,100  ,  50,50  and 100,0  on a graph paper and
connect the points by a straight line.
Thus, the following graph of the straight line represents the required graph of
the linear equation x+y  100 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 22

It is concluded by observing the graph of the linear equation that the variable x
and y are showing the amount donated by Sujata and Suhana respectively and
so, x and y are nonnegative quantities.

Hence, the values of x and y lying in the first quadrant will only be
considered.

8. The following linear equation converts Fahrenheit to Celsius:

9
F =   C + 32 ,
5
where F denotes the measurement of temperature in Fahrenheit and C in
Celsius unit.
Then do as directed in the following questions.
(i) Graph the linear equation given above by taking x -axis as Celsius and
y -axis as Fahrenheit.
Ans: The given linear equation is
9
F=   C+32 …… (a)
5

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 23

Now, substituting C  0 into the equation (a) gives

9
F     0   32  32 .
5
Similarly, substituting C  40,10 in succession into the equation (a) gives the
following table of F -values.
C 0 40 10
F 32 40 50

Now, Plot the points  0,32  ,  40, 40  and 10,50  on a graph paper and
connect the points by a straight line.
Thus, the following graph of the straight line represents the required graph of
9
the linear equation F=   C+32 .
5

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 24

(ii) Determine the temperature in Fahrenheit if it is 30o C in Celsius.
Ans: Given that the temperature  30 C .
9
Now, it is also provided that, F=   C+32 .
5
Substitute C  32 , in the above linear equation.
Then,
9
F=   30+32=54+32=86 .
5
Hence, the temperature in Fahrenheit obtained is 86 °F .

(iii) Determine the temperature in Celsius if it is 95o F in Fahrenheit.

Ans: The given temperature  95 F .
● F=?
9
It is provided that, F=   C+32
5
Now, substitute F  95 , into the above linear equation.
Then it gives
9
95=   C+32
5

9
 63=   C
5
 C  35 .
Hence, the temperature in Celsius obtained is 35 C .

(iv) Calculate the temperature in Fahrenheit when it is 0o C in Celsius.

Also, determine the temperature in Celsius when it is 0o F in Fahrenheit.
Ans: It is known that,

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 25

 9
F=   c+32. … (a)
5
Now, substituting C  0 in the above linear equation gives,
9
F=    0  +32=32 .
5

So, if C  0oC , then F  32 F .

Again, substituting F  0 into the equation (a) gives
9
0=   C+32
5

9
   C=  32
5
160
 C=  17.77
9
Hence, if F  0 F , then C  17.8 C .

(v) Does there exist a temperature that numerically gives the same value in
both Fahrenheit and Celsius? If it is, then show it.
Ans: It is provided that,
9
F=   c+32 .
5
Let assume that F=C .
Then,
9
F=   F+32
5

9 
   1 F+32=0
5 

4
   F  32
5

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 26

  F  40 .
Yes, there exists a temperature 40 that gives numerically the same value in
both Fahrenheit and Celsius.

Exercise 4.4

1. Describe the geometric representation of y=3 as an equation

(i) in one variable
Ans: The given equation is y=3 .

Note that, when y=3 is considered as an equation in one variable, then actually
it represents a number in the one-dimensional number line as shown in
following figure.

(ii) in two variables.

Ans: The given equation is y=3 .
The above equation can be written as 0.x+y=0 .
Note that when y=3 is considered in two variables, then it represents a straight
line passing through point  0,3 and parallel to the x -axis. Therefore, all the
points in the graph having the y -coordinate as 3 , contained in the collection.
Hence, at x=0 , y=3 ;
at x=2 , y=3 ; and
at x  2 , y=3 are the solutions for the given equation.
Now, Plot the points  0,3 ,  2,3 and  2,3 on a graph paper and connect the
points by a straight line. The graphical representation is shown below:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 27

2. Give the geometric representations of 2x+9=0 as an equation
(i) in one variable
Ans: The given equation is 2x+9=0 .
Now, the equation can be written as
2x+9=0
 2x=9
-9
 x=  -4.5
2
Hence, when 2x+9=0 is considered as an equation in one variable, then actually
it represents a number x  4.5 in the one-dimensional number line as shown in
following figure

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 28

(ii) in two variables
Ans: The given equation is 2x+9  0 .
The above equation can be written as 2x+0y=  9 .

Note that when 2x+9  0 is considered in two variables, then it represents a

straight line passing through point  4.5,0  and parallel to the y -axis.
Therefore, all the points in the graph having the x -coordinate as 4.5 ,
contained in the collection.
Hence, at y=3 , x  4.5 ;

at y  1, x  4.5 ; and

at y  1 , x  4.5 are the solutions for the given equation.

Now, Plot the points  4.5,3 ,  4.5, 1 and  4.5,1 on a graph paper and
connect the points by a straight line. The graphical representation is shown
below:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 29