c.

Have halted by 2015 and begun to

reverse the incidence of malaria and
OUTLINE other major diseases.
7. Ensure environmental sustainability.
A CURRENT TRENDS IN PUBLIC HEALTH 8. Develop a global partnership for development.
B HERBAL MEDICINES
C IMMUNIZATIONS
Of the eight MDCs, five are not considered as strictly
health issues. However, these five MDCs are health-
CURRENT TRENDS IN PUBLIC HEALTH related issues because they are goals toward
 The current health care delivery system has an upgrading socioeconomic conditions. These
impact on the health of the people and their socioeconomic conditions are, in themselves, health
total development including their determinants.
socioeconomic status.
 Involves in issues of cost and challenges. THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM;
 Nation’s go through to struggle in efforts to
FAMILY AND COMMUNITY;
advance nation’s health within the context of
 DOH serves as the main governing body of
their financial and political situations.
health services in the country.
 These trends include: the aging of the
 DOH provides guidance and technical
population, changing patterns in the U.S.
assistance to LGUs through the center for
racial/ethnic composition, changes in health
health development in each of the 17 regions.
care delivery systems.
 Provincial governments are responsible for
 The explosion of information technologies,
administration of provincial and district
changing needs in the public health work force,
hospitals.
the growth in health-related partnerships, and
 Municipal and city governments are in charge
anti-government sentiment.
of primary care through rural health units or
health centers.
TRENDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING  Satellite outposts known as barangay health
 Increased complexity of client needs and stations provide health services in the
severity of client conditions periphery of the municipality or city.
 Government intervention in cost containment  Local government code mandated the
devolution or decentralization of basic health
DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING services.
 In order to understand the current trends in
community health nursing, it is important to Financing of health services is provided by Three
see how the practice developed. Major Groups:
 Evidence of early civilizations focusing on birth, 1. Government (national & local)
health, illness and death. 2. Private sources
 Early humans lived in mostly isolated tribal 3. Social Health insurance
units. As the population grew the tribal units
gave way to communal living which created NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE ACT OF 1995 (R.A.
health problems.
7875)
 Study of public health began with inquiries
 Created the Philippine Health Insurance
about disease, illness, and death.
Corporation (PhilHealth).
 Advances in scientific inquiry during the
 Tax exempt Government corporation attached
Renaissance period marks the beginning of
to DOH for policy coordination and guidance
public health as a formal discipline.
and aims for..
 Universal Health Coverage of all Filipino
CURRENT TRENDS IN PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING citizens (Congress of the Republic of the
The objectives of public health practice include: Philippines, 1995a).
 Promotion of health
 Prevention of disease
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, REPUBLIC OF THE
 Provision of health care services
 Rehabilitation from disease or injury PHILIPPINES: 2012

Hospitals Other Health Facilities

21ST CENTURY HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
General A. Primary Care Facility
(ANDERSON & MCFARLANE, 2011)
Level 1
1. Health care “reforms”
Level 2 B. Custodial Care Facility
2. Demographics
3. Globalization Level 3 C. Diagnostic/Therapeuti
4. Poverty and growing disparities (teaching/training) c Facility
5. Social disintegration Specialty D. Specialized Outpatient
Facility
PUBLIC HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
 Begins with the World Health Organization DOH ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER 2012-0012
(WHO) as this specialized agency of the United CLASSIFIES ORDER HEALTH FACILITIES AS
Nations (UN) provides global leadership on FOLLOWS:
health matters. Category A. Primary care facility - a first-contact
health care facility that often basic services including
EIGHT MDGS CORRESPONDING TO HEALTH emergency services and provision for normal
RELATED MDGS 4,5, AND 6 (UN, 2008) deliveries.
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 1. Without inpatient beds like health Centers. out-
2. Achieve universal primary education. patient clinks. and dental clinics.
3. Promote gender equality and empower women. 2. With in-patient beds - a short-stay facility
4. Reduce child mortality. "larger. Reduce by two- where the patient spends on the average of
thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five one to two days before discharge. lixamples
mortality rate. are infirmities and birthing (lying.in)
5. Improve maternal health. Targets: Category B. Custodial care facility - a health facility
a. Reduce by three quarters the maternal that provides long-term care, including basic services
mortality ratio; and like food and shelter, to patients with chronic
b. Achieve universal access to conditions requiring ongoing health and nursing care
reproductive health. due to impairment and a reduced degree of
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. independence in activities of daily living, and patients
Targets: in need of rehabilitation. Examples are custodial
a. Have halted by 2015 and begun to psychiatric facilities. substance/ drug abuse treatment
reverse the spread of I I IWAIDS; and rehabilitation centers, sanitaria/leprosaria, and
b. Achieve. by 2010. universal access to nursing homes.
treatment for 111V/AIDS for all those Category C. Diagnostic/Therapeutic Facility - a facility
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for 04:01:30 GMT -05:00
the examination of the human body, specimens
who need it and
from the human body for the diagnosis, sometimes
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 treatment of disease, or water for drinking water 3) Conducts patient assessment and diagnosis for
analysis. The test covers the preanalytical, analytical, referral or further management;
and postanalytical phases of examination. This 4) Perforrns health information, education, and
category is further classified into: communication activities;
1) Laboratory facility, such as, but not limited to the 5) Organizes the community; and
following: 6) Facilitates barangay health planning and other
a) Clinical laboratory community health services (DOH, 2001).
b) HIV testing laboratory
c) Blood service facility FUNCTION OF THE RURAL SANITATION
d) Drug testing laboratory INSPECTOR
e) Newborn screening laboratory  Are directed towards ensuring a healthy
f) Laboratory for drinking water analysis physical environment in the municipality.
2) Radiologic facility providing services such as X-ray,  This entails advocacy, monitoring, and
CT scan, mammography, MRI, and ultrasonography. regulatory activities such as inspection of
3) Nuclear medicine facility - a facility regulated by water supply and unhygienic household
the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute utilizing conditions (DOH, 2001).
applications of radioactive materials in diagnosis,
treatment, or medical research, with the exception LOCAL HEALTH BOARDS
of the use of sealed radiation.  R.A. 7160 or Local Government Code was
enacted to bring about genuine and
Hospital Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 meaningful local autonomy.
s  This will enable local governments to attain
Clinical Consulting Level 1 plus: Level 2 plus: their fullest development as self-reliant
Service specialists Department Teaching/tra communities and make them more effective
s for in: alized ining with partners in the attainment of national goals.
Inpatien Medicine clinical accredited  It mandates devolution of basic services from
ts Pediatrics services residency the national government to LGUs.
Obstetrics training
- program in Devolution:
Gynecolog four major  Refers to the act by which the national
y clinical government confers power and authority upon
Surgery services the various LGUs to perform specific functions
Emergenc Respiratory Physical and responsibilities (Congress of the Republic
y and Unit medicine of the Philippines, 1991).
outpatient and  Decentralization
services rehabilitatio  R.A. 7160 provided for the creation of the
Isolation General ICU n unit Provincial Health Board and the City/Municipal
Facilities Health Boards, or Local Health Boards.
Surgical/m High-risk Ambulatory  Chairman of the Board is the local executive
aternity pregnancy surgical the Provincial Governor/Mayor.
facilities unit clinic  Provincial/City/Municipal Health Officer serves
Dental NICU Dialysis as the vice chairman.
Clinic Clinic  Members of the Board are composed of the
Ancillar Secondary Tertiary Tertiary chairman of the committee on health of the
y clinical clinical clinical Sanggunian, a representative from the private
Service laboratory laboratory laboratory sector or NGO involved in health services and a
s with representative of the DOH (Congress of the
histopatholo Republic of the Philippines, 1991).
gy FUNCTION OF LOCAL HEALTH BOARDS ARE AS
Blood Blood Bank FOLLOWS:
Station 1) Proposing to the Sanggunian annual budgetary
First-level Second-level Third level allocations for the operation and maintenance of
Xray Xray with X-ray health facilities and services within the
mobile unit province/city/ municipality;
Pharmacy 2) Serving as an advisory committee to the
Sanggunian on health matters; and
RURAL HEALTH UNIT 3) Creating committees that shall advise local health
 Commonly known as health center, is a agencies on various matters related to health
primarily level health facility in the service operations.
municipality.
 The focus of the RHU is preventive and R.A 1760 LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE
promotive health services and the supervision  Among local and national government this
of BHs under it’s jurisdiction(DOH, 2001). provision present a built in mechanism for a
 Recommended ratio of RHU to catchment REFERRAL SYSTEM among different
population is 1 RHU: 20,000 population (DOH, government agencies (Congress of the
2009). Republic of the Philippines, 1991)

BARANGAY HEALTH STATION REFERRALS

 Is the first contact health care facility that  Internal referrals occur within the health
offers basic services at the barangay level. facilities.
 It is a satellite station of the RHU (DOH, 2009).  External referral is a movement of a patient
 It is manned by volunteer Barangay Health from one health facility to another.
workers (BHWs) under the supervision of the
Rural Health Midwife (RHM) (DOH, 2009). INTER LOCAL HEALTH ZONE
 Is based on the concept of the District Health
R.A 7305 provide for the same nurse-population ratio System a generic term used by WHO to
as that of the Rural Health Physician, that is, 1:20,000 describe an integrated health management
(DOH,1999). and delivery system based on a defined
administrative and geographical area.
With a recommended ratio of 1 for every 5,000 It has a central or core referral hospital and a

population (DOH, 2009), the RHM number of primary level facilities such as RHUs
1) Manages the BHS and supervises and trains the and BHSs.
BHW
2) Provides midwifery services and executes health The ILHZ has the following components (DOH, 2002):
care programs and activities for women of  People. Although WHO has described the
reproductive age, including family planning ideal population size of a health district
counseling
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 when taking into consideration the number of  To address these challenges, UHC (Kalusugan
LGUs that will decide to cooperate and cluster. Pangkalahatan) was launched through
 Boundaries. Clear boundaries between ILHZs Administrative Order 2010-0036 (DOH,2010).
establish accountability and responsibility of
health service providers. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:
 Health facilities. RHUs, BHSs, and other UHC HEALTH SYSTEM GOALS:
health facilities that decide to work together  Better health outcomes
as an integrated health system and a district  Sustained health financing
or provincial hospital, serving as the central  Responsive health system ensuring all
referral hospital, make up the health facilities  Filipinos, especially the disadvantage group
of an ILHZ_. have equitable access to affordable health care
 Health workers. To deliver comprehensive (DOH, 2010).
services, the ILHZ health workers include
personnel of the DOH, district or provincial STRATEGIC THRUSTS
hospitals, RHUs, BHSs, private clinics, To achieve the three strategic thrusts, six strategic
volunteer health workers from NGOs, and instruments shall be optimized
community-based organizations. 1. Health Financing – instrument to increase
resources for health that will be effectively
allocated and utilized to improve the financial
protection of the poor and the vulnerable
sectors.
2. Service delivery – instrument to transform the
health service delivery structure to address
variations in health service utilization and
health outcomes across socioeconomic
variables.
3. Policy, standards, and regulation – instrument
to ensure equitable access to health services,
essential medicines, and technologies or
assured quality, availability, and safety.
4. Governance for health – instrument to establish
the mechanisms for efficiency, transparency,
and accountability, and prevent opportunities
for fraud.
5. Human resources for health – instrument to
ensure that all Filipinos have access to
professional health care providers capable of
meeting their health needs at the appropriate
level of care.
6. Health information – instrument to establish a
modern information system that shall:
a. Provide evidence for policy and
program development.
b. Support for immediate and efficient
provision of health care and
management of province-wide health

FAMILY
 A primary social group, a small community, in
any society, typically consisting of a man and
woman, or any two individuals who wish to
share their lives together in a long-term
committed relationship with one another,
raising offspring and usually the same dwelling.
SINGLE PARENT
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE  In a single parent household form, there is only
 UHC (Kalusugan Pangkalahatan) also called the one parent caring for the children of the house
Aquino Health Agenda, is the latest in the without the help of the other parent in the
series of continuing efforts of the government home setting.
to bring about health sector reforms. SINGLE PERSON
 UHC was built upon the strategies of two  In the single parent household form consist of
previous platforms or reform: initial Health only one person living by themselves.
Sector Reform Agenda (1999-2004) and NUCLEAR
FOURmula One (F1) for Health (2005-2010).  The term nuclear family is used to refer a
UHC is planned for implementation until 2016 family and household setting that consists of a
(DOH, 2010). father, a mother, and their children. Nuclear
families can be any size as long as the family
RATIONALE can support itself and there are only two
 Survey data show that this has not been parents.
achieved despite health sector reforms since
1999.
 DOH and PhilHealth review highlighted the
need to improve health related financial risk
protection among Filipinos.
 PhilHealth benefit delivery was found to be
lowest among the target population the
poorest quantile.
 The concern on inequitable access to health
resources has not been resolved (DOH, 2010).
 Neglect of public hospitals and health facilities
due to inadequate health budgets has been
observed.
 As of October 2010 a total of 892 RHUs and 99
government hospitals had yet to qualify for
accreditation of PhilHealth.
 Means the deterioration and poor quality of
many government health facilities is 10 EXAMPLES OF GREAT COMMUNITY SERVICE
disadvantageous
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from CourseHero.com
PROJECTS
services the most (DOH, 2010)
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  Collect Food. Contact your local food bank and
they will provide you with the necessary
information and materials to have food drive.
 Recycling Program
 Community Garden
 Cleanup
 Blood Drive
 Neighborhood Watch Group
 Give New Coats to Kids in Need
 Community Newsletter

5 AREAS OF HOLISTIC HEALTH CARE

 There are five main aspects of personal health:

physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and
intellectual. In order to be considered "well," it
is imperative for none of these areas to be
neglected.

HERBAL MEDICINES
 It is the practice of using medicinal plants and
extracts to improve overall health, support
wellness, and treat acute and chronic disease.
 These are the list of the ten (10) medicinal
plants that the Philippine Department of Health
(DOH) through its “Traditional Health Program”
has endorsed.
 All ten (10) herbs have been thoroughly tested
and have been clinically proven to have
medicinal value in the relief and treatment of
various aliment.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8423

 “TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
ACT”
 It is hereby declared the policy of the State to
improve the quality and delivery of health care
services to the Filipino people through the
development of traditional and alternative
health care and its integration into the national
health care delivery system.
 Recognizes the value of traditional medicine for
Filipinos , and has, therefore, integrated it into
the national health care delivery system .
 This act created the Philippine Institute of
Traditional and Alternative Health Care
(PITAHC) to further the development of
traditional and alternative medicines in the
Philippines

10 HERBAL MEDICINES

IMMUNIZATIONS

Definition of Terms:
 Immunization - a process by which a person
becomes protected against disease through
vaccination.
 Vaccine - A preparation that is used to
stimulate
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 - Vaccines are usually administered through  Another dose is needed if the last dose was
needle injections, but some can be given at age <24 weeks
administered by mouth or sprayed into the  For infants born to HBsAg (+) mothers (preterm
nose. or term infants):
 Vaccination - The act of introducing a vaccine  Administer HBV* and HBIG (0.5ml) within 12
into the body to produce protection from a hours of life. HBIG should be administered not
specific disease. later than 7 days of age, if not immediately
available.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH  For infants born to mothers with unknown
EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION (EPI) HBsAg status:
 It was established in 1976 to ensure that  With birth weight ≥2 kgs, administer HBV
infants/children and mothers have access to within 12 hours of birth and determine the
routinely recommended infant/childhood mother’s HBsAg as soon as possible. If HBsAg
vaccines. (+), administer HBIG not later than 7 days of
 Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially age.
included in the EPI: tuberculosis, poliomyelitis,  With birth weight <2 kgs, administer HBIG in
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles. addition to HBV* within 12 hours of life
 Vaccines under the EPI are BCG birth dose,  For infants born <2 kgs, the 1st dose received
Hepatitis B birth dose, Oral Poliovirus Vaccine, at birth is not counted as part of the vaccine
Pentavalent Vaccine, Measles Containing series. Additional 3 HBV doses are needed
Vaccines (Antimeasles Vaccine, Measles,
Mumps, Rubella) and Tetanus Toxoid. ORAL POLIO VACCINE (OPV)
 Produces antibodies in the blood ('humoral' or
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10152 serum immunity) to all three types of poliovirus
“Mandatory Infants and Children Health  Only available as part of the government’s
Immunization Act of 2011” National Immunization Program
 An act providing for mandatory basic  The primary series consists of 3 doses
immunization services for infants and children, beginning at age 6 weeks with a minimum
repealing for the purpose presidential decree interval of ≥4 weeks; a dose of monovalent IPV
no. 996 is given together with the third dose
 The mandatory basic immunization shall be  It is used to prevent Poliomyelitis
given for free at any government hospital or  Protects the individual against polio paralysis
health center to infants and children up to (5) by preventing the spread of polio virus in the
years of age. nervous system.

2021 CHILDHOOD IMMINZATION SCHEDULE INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE

 Given intramuscularly (IM), as a monovalent
formulation or in combination with DPT-
containing vaccines
 Given at a minimum age of 6 weeks, at least 4
weeks apart
 The primary series consists of 3 doses given at
6, 10, and 14 weeks.
 The first booster is given at 12-18 months. The
minimum interval between the third dose and
the first booster dose is 6 months.
 The second booster is given at age 4-6 years.
 If the fourth dose is given at age 4 years
FULLY IMMUNIZED CHILD onward, no further doses are necessary
 Infants who received 1 dose of BCG, 3 doses
each of OPV, DPT and hepatitis b vaccine and 1 DIPTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, TETANUS (DPT) VACCINE
dose of measles vaccine within the age of one  Given intramuscularly (IM)
year.  Given at a minimum age of 6 weeks.
 The primary series consists of 3 doses with a
COMPLETELY IMMUNZED CHILD minimum interval of 4 weeks
 Infants who received 1 dose of BCG, 3 doses  Booster series consists of 3 doses until
each of OPV, DPT and hepatitis b vaccine and 1 adolescence with the following schedule:
dose of measles vaccine after the age of one o 12-23 months (DTP)
year. o 4-7 years (DTP)
o 9-15 years (Td/Tdap)
BACILLE CALMETTE GUERIN (BCG) VACCINE  Ideally, the minimum interval between booster
 Given intradermally (ID) doses should be at least 4 years
 The dose of BCG is 0.05 ml for children < 12  Full-dose DTP should preferably be used only
months and 0.1 ml for children ≥ 12 months until age 7 years, but package inserts should
 Given at the earliest possible age after birth be consulted for maximum age indications of
preferably within the first 2 months of life specific products
 For healthy infants and children > 2 months
who are not given BCG at birth, PPD prior to HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B CONJUGAE
BCG vaccination is not necessary. However, VACCINE (HIB)
PPD is recommended prior to BCG vaccination  Given intramuscularly (IM)
if any of the following is present:  Indications for children with the following high
o Congenital TB risk conditions:
o History of close contact to known or o Chemotherapy recipients,
suspected infectious cases anatomic/functional asplenia including
o Clinical findings suggestive of TB sickle cell disease, HIV infection,
and/or chest x-ray suggestive of TB immunoglobulin or early component
In the presence of any of these conditions, an complement deficiency
induration of 5 mm is considered positive and BCG is  Children aged 12-59 months:
no longer recommended o Unimmunized* or with one Hib vaccine
dose received before age 12 months,
HEPATITIS B VACCINE give 2 additional doses 8 weeks apart
 Given intramuscularly (IM) o With ≥ 2 Hib vaccine doses received
 Administer the first dose of monovalent HBV to before age 12 months., give 1
all newborns ≥2kgs within 24 hours of life additional dose
 A second dose is given 1-2 months after the  For children ≤ 5 years old who received a Hib
birth dose vaccine dose(s) during or within 14 days of
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 repeat the dose(s) of Hib vaccine at least 3 the last tetanus and diphtheria-toxoid
months after completion of therapy containing vaccine. Subsequent doses are
 For children who are hematopoietic stem cell given s Td/Tdap.
transplant recipients, revaccination with 3  Fully immunized is defined as 5 doses of DTP,
doses of Hib vaccine given 4 weeks apart, or 4 doses of DTP if the 4th dose was given on
starting 6-12 months after transplant, is or after the 4th birthday
recommended regardless of vaccination  Give 1 dose of Tdap for every pregnancy
history. o For fully immunized pregnant
 Unimmunized* children ≥ 15 months of age adolescents, administer 1 dose of Tdap
and undergoing elective splenectomy should vaccine at 27 to 36 weeks AOG,
be given 1 dose of Hib-containing vaccine at regardless of previous Td or Tdap
least 14 days before the procedure vaccination
 Unimmunized* children 5-18 years old and with o For unimmunized pregnant
either anatomic or functional asplenia adolescents, administer a 5-dose
(including sickle cell disease) or HIV infection, tetanus-diphtheria (Td)- containing
should be given 1 dose of Hib vaccine vaccine following a 0-,1-, 6-,18-, and
 *Unimmunized children are those without a 30-month schedule.
primary series and booster dose or those Use Tdap as one of the 5 doses, preferably given at 27-
without at least one dose of the vaccine after 36 weeks AOG
14 months of age
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
PENTAVALENT VACCINE Oral IM Subcu Intraderm
 It is also known as a 5-in-1 vaccine, is a al
combination vaccine with five individual OPV DTwP, Measles BCg
vaccines conjugated into one. DTaP, DT,
 It protects against five major diseases: Td, TT
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping Rotavirus Hepa A Yellow
cough), hepatitis B and Haemophilus Fever
influenzae type b (DTP-hepB-Hib). Hepa B Varicella
 Three doses of pentavalent vaccine are IPV
included in UIP. HPV
 The first dose is given only after a child is 6
Hib
weeks old.
PCV-7
 The second and third doses are given at 10 and
Influenza
14 weeks of age respectively, also in the form
of pentavalent vaccine.
 A child below 6 weeks of age should not be INTERVAL OF ADMINISTRATION
given Pentavalent Vaccine.

PNEUMOCCOCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE (PCV)

 Given intramuscularly (IM)
 Given at a minimum age of 6 weeks
 Primary vaccination consists of 3 doses with an
interval of at least 4 weeks between doses. A
booster dose is given 6 months after the third
dose.
 For previously unvaccinated infants age 7-11
months, give a total of 3 doses. The first 2
doses are given 1 month apart. The interval
between the second and third dose is at least 2
months but should ideally be given at or after
the first birthday. CHARACTERISTICS OF EPI VACCINES
 For previously unvaccinated older children age
12 months to 5 years
o PCV 10: 1-5 years old: give 2 doses at
least 2 months apart
o PCV 13: 12-23 months: give 2 doses at
least 2 months apart 2 to 5 years old:
give 1 dose

MEASLES VACCINE
 Given subcutaneously (SC)
 Given at the age of 9 months, but may be
given as early as age 6 months in cases of
outbreaks as declared by public health
authorities
 If monovalent measles vaccine is not available,
then MMR/MR vaccine may be given as
substitute for infants below 12 months of age.
In such cases, the recipient should receive 2
more MMR vaccines starting at 1 year of age,
following .the recommended schedules.

MEASLES, MUMPS & RUBELLA (MMR) VACCINE

 Given subcutaneously (SC)
 Given at a minimum age of 12 months
 2 doses of MMR vaccine are recommended
 The second dose is usually given at 4-6 years UPDATES ON VACCINES
of age but may be given at an earlier age with
a minimum of 4 weeks interval between doses.

TETANUS AND DIPTHERIA TOXOID (TD) VACCINE

 Given intramuscularly (IM)
 For children who are fully immunized, Td /Tdap
booster doses should be given every 10 years
 For children age >7 years a single dose of Tdap
can was
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  Ask the doctor if you can give your a pain
reliever.
 Pay extra attention to your child for a few days.
If you see something that concerns you, notify
your physician.

BEFORE IMMUNIZATION
 Read about the vaccines your child is getting
and get a list of vaccines your child may need.
 Learn more about the benefits, side effects and
risks of the vaccines that your child is receiving
 Bring your child’s immunization record and
bring it along to your appointment
 Be ready to support your child during vaccine
visit such as:
o Pack your childs favorite toy, book or
blanket to comfot him or her during the
vaccination.
o If the child is older: explain that shots
can pinch or sting, but that won’t hurt
for long.
o Avoid telling scary stories or making
threats about shots
o Remind your child that vaccines can
keep him or her healthy

DURING IMMUNIZATION
FOR BABIES AND YOUNGER CHILDREN:
 Distract and comfort child by cuddling, singing
or talking softly
 Smile and make eye contact with your child.
Let the child know that everything is okay.
 Comfort child with a favorite toy or book. A
blanket that smell familiar will help to comfort
your child
 Hold your child firmly on your lap, whenever
possible.
 Once the child receive all the shots, be
especially supportive. Hold and cuddle your
child. A soothing voice, combined with praise
and hugs will help reassure the child that
everything is okay.
 Babies can be soothed through swaddling, skin-
to-skin contact and breastfeeding.
 If older than 6 months, can also be given with a
sweet beverage.
 Asked your doctor for the possible side effects
of the vaccine being given
 Asked for pain reliver medications, if prescribed
 Remember to schedule for the next visit and
vaccination.

AFTER IMMUNIZATION
Sometimes children experience mild reactions from
shots, such as pain at the injection site, a rash or a
fever. These reactions are normal and will soon go
away. These tips will help you identify and minimize
mild side effects:
 Use a cool, damp cloth to help reduce redness,
soreness and/or swelling at in the place where
the shot was given.
 Reduce fever with a cool sponge bath.
 Offer
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